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西准噶尔达拉布特断裂带中段晚古生代构造分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
走滑断裂构造在中亚造山带增生及演化过程的研究中扮演了重要角色,其主要构造单元均被走滑断裂带所分割。西准噶尔造山带是中亚增生型造山带的重要组成部分,达拉布特断裂是西准噶尔造山带中一条重要的走滑断裂,其复杂的构造表现吸引了大量研究者的关注。前人不仅在其构造解释上存在着走滑断层、逆冲断层或压扭性断层等诸多争议,且在其活动时代问题上也有不同的看法。本文依据在达拉布特断裂带中段开展的详细野外构造学工作,结合前人针对该地区石炭纪火山岩、浊积岩和造山后花岗岩侵入体所做的同位素年代学工作成果,对达拉布特断裂的活动性质和活动时代进行了讨论。结果确认在中二叠统沉积之前,达拉布特断裂带存在两期变形事件,分别对应于320Ma左右沿NE-SW的较深层次的左行走滑事件D1和表现为脆-韧性转换域的轴面倾向SE的褶皱作用构造事件D2。前者为主期变形事件,而后者发生在中二叠统沉积之前。本文同时报道了沿达拉布特断裂带出露右行走滑构造形迹,并讨论了其可能的成因。沿达拉布特断裂带的多期构造事件记录了西准噶尔地区造山后大规模走滑构造调整过程,是晚古生代晚期中亚各个陆块拼合后大规模陆内调整在西准噶尔造山带的具体体现。 相似文献
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东营凹陷新生代构造转型及其控油意义 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
东营凹陷作为济阳坳陷一次级构造单元,现今的构造格局由四条NWW向断裂-背斜构造带和四条NE向断裂-背斜构造带叠合而成,可以看作是二个大型的分别受陈南铲式断裂带和利津断裂带所控制的伸展断弯褶皱体系,先后经历了NNE-SSW向和NW-SE向区域引张作用的叠加及NE向的右旋走滑作用的改造,具有NW-SE向和NNE向的双向伸展及右旋走滑变形的基本特点,这种构造格局及其演变特征控制了油气的生成、运移、聚集成藏过程和油气藏的分布,构造类圈闭是主要的油气保存单元,两个方向的八条断褶构造带成藏条件较好,是油气藏主要聚集区带。 相似文献
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商丹断裂带是一条多期次活动的大型断裂带,区域上也是大型金属矿的赋存带,对金属矿产具有重要的控制作用。文章以商丹断裂带(河南段)为研究对象,在基于孔沟至寨根一带构造剖面的宏观特征和显微构造特征解析的基础上,对研究区控矿构造和机理提出了新的认识。综合研究表明,商丹断裂带(河南段)具多期活动特征,整体呈现"正花状构造"样式。分析方解石机械双晶、矿物动态重结晶及变质矿物组合等显微构造显示,断裂带以韧性变形为主,两侧地层以韧性和脆性变形叠加为特征。区内变质变形温度以绿片岩相、中低温为主,局部可达角闪岩相。早期的韧性剪切活动控制本区金矿的总体控矿界面,晚期的构造活动形成的韧-脆性破碎带对先期形成的矿床进行改造、富集、最终定位,主断裂两侧的次级韧-脆性构造带是未来寻找金矿的有利部位。 相似文献
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四川南海上两脆—韧性叠加断裂带构造解析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
四川南江上两地区褶皱基底中发育一大规模的脆－韧性断裂带。对该断裂带进行构造解析表明,断裂带具长期活动历史,由不同期次,不同构造层次的断裂活动叠加而成,晋宁期韧性变形,中瓣生代叠加了脆性活动。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂带北段构造特征及构造演化序列 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
根据大量野外地质调查和盆地地震资料分析,认为郯庐断裂北段在中-新生代发生多期不同性质的活动,形成各具特色的构造变形现象。密山县知一镇敦密断裂韧性剪切带具有左旋走滑特征,其中黑云母~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar-~(39)Ar/~(36)Ar等时线年龄为161±3Ma,是郯庐断裂带被利用发生第二期左旋走滑运动并向北扩展到中国东北-俄罗斯远东地区的产物。四平市叶赫乡佳伊断裂带中负花状断裂形成于早白垩世早中期,是郯庐断裂北段在早白垩世遭受左旋走滑-拉张作用的典型代表。四平市石岭镇佳伊断裂大型走滑-逆冲断褶带、桦甸县敦密断裂"逆地堑"、沈阳-哈尔滨逆冲断裂形成于晚白垩世嫩江运动-晚白垩世末期,这一时期脆性右旋走滑-逆冲事件规模大,影响范围广,导致整个郯庐断裂北段遭受到强烈改造。佳伊断裂带和敦密断裂带中古近纪盆地在横剖面上呈不对称地堑,并且不对称地堑沿断裂带走向发生断、超方向左右变位,是郯庐断裂带北段在古近纪时受右旋走滑、伸展双重机制控制的产物。根据郯庐断裂带北段中-新生代不同地质时期变形特征,建立了郯庐断裂北段构造演化序列。即郯庐断裂北段构造演化分为左旋韧性剪切(J_2末期)、左旋张扭(K_1早中期)、右旋压扭(K_2晚期-末期)、右旋走滑断陷(E)和构造反转(E_3末期)五个阶段。其演化历史主要受控于环太平洋构造域的构造作用。 相似文献
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青海省哇洪山断裂带中段构造变形特征及X光岩组分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对哇洪山断裂带中段构造变形宏观及微观特征的研究,认为该断裂带经历了两种不同层次、不同性质的构造变形,早期以韧性变形为主,形成了沿断裂带广泛分布的NW-NNW向糜棱岩带;晚期以脆性变形为主,形成了广泛分布断层破碎带,并将早期的糜棱岩带错断。X光岩组分析结果表明,糜棱岩带构造岩内矿物排列定向性明显,其中石英变形以底面滑移或近底面滑移为主,兼有柱面滑移,为中低温-中温变形环境所形成;另外动态重结晶对变形岩石中石英优选方位的形成也可能发挥了重要作用。华里西晚期花岗闪长岩、印支期钾长花岗岩、花岗岩、二长花岗岩均没有明显的优选方位,因此韧性变形发生在该类岩石侵位之前。构造变形分析及同位素测年结果证实韧性剪切带形成于晚志留世,即加里东晚期。 相似文献
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松辽盆地西缘边界断裂带中北段尼尔基L型构造岩构造年代学及其构造意义 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
松辽盆地西缘与大兴安岭东缘的边界断裂带,又称嫩江-八里罕断裂带,位于东北地区中部,中亚造山带东段。断裂带呈NNE走向,沿内蒙古自治区、黑龙江省与吉林省的交界,一直向南延伸至河北省境内与平场-桑园大断裂相接,全长1200km。该断裂带传统认识上被认为是一条NNE向的大型正断层或拆离断层。目前对于断裂带性质的研究主要集中在其北段的嫩江断裂,但侧重区域地球物理方面,通过布格重力异常、航磁异常、深反射剖面研究确定了断裂带的走向、展布位置,及伸展拆离断层或大型低角度正断层的性质;其南段断裂带(红山-八里罕断裂)的研究,主要与喀喇沁隆起的形成时间、性质、演化阶段等方面相联系;然而对断裂带中段的嫩江-八里罕断裂的研究少有报道。近期,我们报导了嫩江-白令海断裂带岭下及白城地区发现的具有左旋走滑性质的韧性剪切带,并同断裂带南段的红山-八里罕断裂带楼子店地区进行系统的对比。通过对岭下地区韧性剪切带详细的野外调查、构造要素测量、显微构造研究、同构造变形岩石的有限应变分析、石英EBSD组构分析以及白云母40Ar/39Ar年代学研究,我们认为岭下韧性剪切带与楼子店韧性剪切带的变形特征一致,证实了红山-八里罕断裂带至少可以向北延伸至中段岭下地区,其性质同为左行走滑韧性剪切带,并具有相同的早期走滑时限(~130Ma)。本次,我们进一步对嫩江-白令海断裂带中北段尼尔基地区韧性剪切带进行研究,通过对带内韧性变形岩石构造要素系统测量和统计、显微构造观察、有限应变测量等方面的研究,表明其岩石类型属L型构造岩,具左行剪切特征。综合分析发现除构造岩的类型(岭下与楼子店地区发育S-L型构造岩),其余与岭下与楼子店地区韧性剪切带性质相同。另外,年代学表明L型花岗质岩石中发育的锆石,1)呈自形具有致密的韵律环带,且Th/U比值介于0.06至1.25之间,显示了岩浆成因特点;2)年龄大体分为两个区间258~403Ma(n=5)和207~174Ma(n=15,加权平均年龄为190.0±6.1Ma);3)较老年龄258~403Ma的锆石普遍具有"核-边"结构,证实了该区域存在多期古生代岩浆事件。207~174Ma的锆石中,两粒锆石呈现~190Ma核部年龄,反映了区域内曾经历了早侏罗世的一次强烈的岩浆侵入事件,此后尼尔基地区韧性剪切带形成于中侏罗世(~170Ma),而并非是前人认为的二叠纪。白云母激光40Ar/39Ar年代学显示了一个稳定的年龄坪为158.99±0.61Ma。通过显微构造的观测发现长石残斑与S-C组构指示了左行韧性剪切特征,其动态重结晶主要为膨凸式特点(BLG)。而石英颗粒边界相嵌现象明显,为亚晶粒旋转(SR)向颗粒边界迁移(GBM)重结晶过渡阶段。综合长石和石英的重结晶特征指示,其变质条件为高绿片岩相,变形温度在500℃左右,显然高于白云母的封闭温度(300~400℃),故此我们认为尼尔基左行韧性剪切带的快速隆升时间应为中晚侏罗世(158.99±0.61Ma)。结合最新发表的东北地区黑龙江蓝片岩(前人称之"黑龙江群")与郯庐断裂带北段两个分支(佳依断裂与敦密断裂)的年代学数据,以及西太平洋板块的俯冲速度和方向的相关证据,我们认为1)嫩江-八里罕断裂可能经历了三期变形演化阶段,包括中-晚侏罗世左行伸展走滑阶段(~160Ma),早白垩世中期左行走滑/斜滑剪切阶段(~130Ma)及早白垩世晚期的伸展阶段;2)两期走滑剪切阶段与郯庐断裂带及其北段两个分支具有相似性,其中早期~160Ma的走滑剪切事件相对于佳木斯地块与松嫩地块的拼合时间(~170Ma)晚近10Myr;3)松辽盆地形成早期受到中-晚侏罗世的左行走滑断裂的控制,该左行走滑断裂的成因应归功于侏罗纪时西太平洋板块向欧亚大陆下快速的斜向俯冲有关。 相似文献
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莲花山断裂带是中国东南陆缘重要的NE向构造带。该断裂带不仅是区域上重要的二级构造单元分界线,也控制着广东省最重要的锡铜多金属成矿带。前人研究表明,莲花山断裂带内的韧性变形与锡铜多金属成矿关系密切,但对于莲花山断裂带内的韧性变形展布特征及其对成矿作用的贡献,还存在着较多争议。本次研究,通过对莲花山断裂带进行大比例尺的矿田构造填图,实测典型地质剖面等手段,结合拉伸线理产状的测量和显微构造的观察,认为断裂带内的韧性变形由自北向南一系列近NE60°走向的剪切带雁列展布而成,各剪切带之间呈大致平行展布。在韧性变形之后,这些雁列状的剪切带又被30°走向的脆性断层所切割。莲花山断裂带内的韧性变形控制着矿体的形态和规模,后期岩浆-热液活动利用先存韧性剪切带的空间,成矿元素在韧性变形的裂隙中沉淀富集成矿。莲花山断裂带内找矿勘探工作部署应该围绕断裂带内韧性变形的区域,并注意韧性变形附近次一级的容矿裂隙。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
18.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
19.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
20.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献