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1.
二道河矿床是近年来大兴安岭中北段新发现的一处大型矽卡岩型铅锌银多金属矿床.矿床成矿作用经历了早矽卡岩阶段、晚矽卡岩阶段、磁黄铁矿-黄铁矿-石英阶段、石英多金属硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐等5个阶段的演化.为探讨矿床成矿物质来源,本文对矿床主要金属硫化物、与成矿关系密切的花岗斑岩、闪长岩、中生代火山岩开展了S、Pb同位素分析.结果表明,矿床主要金属矿物 δ34S分布范围为5.8‰～8.9‰,呈"塔式分布",与典型矽卡岩型铅锌矿床及区域典型铅锌矿床硫同位素组成相近,与花岗质岩石较相似,表明该矿床硫主要来自于深部岩浆热液体系,热液演化过程中与奥陶系海相地层进行了硫同位素交换.矿床硫同位素组成表现为δ34Spy＞δ34SSp＞δ34SCcp＞δ34SGn,暗示主成矿阶段硫同位素分馏达到了平衡,计算得到各共存矿物对的平衡温度范围为227～382℃.该矿床矿石矿物具有高放射性壳源铅的特征,而花岗斑岩及闪长岩、中生代火山岩铅同位素则具低放射性铅特征,铅同位素数据均落入造山带演化线附近,构造图解中具有明显线性分布特征,表明其具有相同铅源及铅同位素演化特征,在Aγ-Δβ图解中均落入与岩浆作用有关的上地壳与地幔混合俯冲带铅源区.综上表明,矿床成矿物质具有多元组分的贡献,而矿石矿物与花岗斑岩及闪长岩铅同位素组成、μ值和Th/U比值都较为接近,综合矿床铅锌矿体主要产出于花岗斑岩、闪长岩与碳酸盐岩接触带的空间关系,反映其主要物质来源为燕山期中酸性侵入岩. 相似文献
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西藏邦铺铅锌矿床S、Pb、C、O同位素组成及成矿物质来源研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
邦铺铅锌矿床系邦铺钼铜矿区斑岩矿化体外围形成的矽卡岩型铅锌矿床;矿石品位较富,成矿元素以铅锌为主,基本不含铜。文章以矿床中主要金属硫化物为研究对象,采用S、Pb同位素研究方法对矿床成矿物质来源进行探讨。结果表明,矿石金属硫化物δ34S值分布范围较宽,但主要集中于-3.7‰～-0.7‰之间,具塔式分布特征,硫主要来源于岩浆;矿石铅同位素组成稳定,为正常普通铅,矿石铅的高μ值(大于9.58)及构造环境演化图解中样品点的分布特征指示矿石铅主要来源于上地壳物质。与驱龙外围知不拉、甲玛矽卡岩矿体对比研究发现,3个矿床硫均为岩浆来源;而金属物质来源空间上则显示出一定的规律,驱龙—甲玛—邦铺矿集区由南向北壳源物质的混染作用不断增加;大理岩及方解石碳-氧同位素组成特征显示矿床成矿流体中碳源主要来自于岩浆,碳酸盐岩地层提供了部分成矿物质。 相似文献
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查个勒铅锌钼铜矿床位于念青唐古拉铅锌银铁铜成矿带西段南缘,为查明其成矿物质来源及矿床成因,对该矿床开展了系统的H、O、S、Pb同位素研究,并与念青唐古拉成矿带中-东段典型铅锌(铜钼)矿床进行对比。查个勒矿床石英H、O同位素(δD值介于-189‰～-157‰之间,δ~(18)O_(H_2O)值介于-2.2‰～2.9‰之间)指示其成矿流体主要由岩浆水与大气降水混合组成。矿区北部铅锌矿体硫化物δ~(34)S值为-5.6‰～-0.8‰,均值为-3.7‰,显示岩浆硫和地层硫混合的特征。矿区南部(铜)钼矿体硫化物δ~(34)S值为1.1‰～2.6‰,均值为1.8‰,显示岩浆硫的特征。矿石硫化物和花岗斑岩全岩~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb的比值分别为38.988～39.269、39.002～39.559,15.657～15.747、15.643～15.664,18.614～18.688、18.663～19.058。矿石硫化物与花岗斑岩的Pb同位素特征相似,均表现出上地壳Pb源的特征,推测成矿物质主要来自上地壳岩浆源。查个勒矿床H、O、S、Pb同位素特征与中-东段典型铅锌(铜钼)矿床相似,表明念青唐古拉成矿带铅锌(铜钼)矿床成矿流体及成矿物质来源一致。作者认为查个勒矿床是一个受岩浆和构造共同控制的斑岩型(铜)钼+矽卡岩型-热液脉型铜铅锌矿床,在念青唐古拉成矿带,自西向东分布有多处斑岩型(铜)钼矿+矽卡岩型-热液脉型(铜)铅锌矿矿集区。 相似文献
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宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床是湖南重要的铅锌生产基地。矿床内矽卡岩型铜(钼)矿化受侏罗纪花岗闪长斑岩的控制,而主要的铅锌矿体则产于远离岩体的碳酸盐地层中,且缺乏可靠的矿化年龄限制。为了查明宝山铅锌矿体与花岗闪长斑岩之间的成因关系,文章对宝山花岗岩类中浸染状黄铁矿的硫同位素和钾长石的铅同位素,以及铅锌矿石萤石脉石的流体包裹体进行了测试和研究,并与前人报道的铅锌硫化物矿石的硫、铅同位素进行了对比,尝试为宝山铅锌矿化的物质来源及成因提供依据。研究表明,花岗闪长斑岩中浸染状黄铁矿的δ34S值为+1.5‰~+3.5‰,与铅锌矿石硫化物(方铅矿、闪锌矿及黄铁矿)相一致;同时,花岗岩类中钾长石的铅同位素组成206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别为18.4789~18.7668、15.6835~15.7220和38.7903~39.1035,具有壳源的特征,且与铅锌矿石硫化物的铅同位素分布范围相吻合。宝山矿床的硫、铅同位素特征表明,花岗闪长斑岩应是铅锌矿化的主要硫源及金属来源。宝山矿床铅锌矿石萤石中的流体包裹体具有低温(130~150℃)、低盐度(8%)的特征,可能是岩浆热液演化到晚期的产物。结合已有的有关资料加以对比和分析,研究认为,宝山铅锌矿床的成矿物质应来源于花岗闪长岩的岩浆期后热液,在热液演化晚期迁移到远端地层中沉淀,形成了宝山的主要铅锌矿体。 相似文献
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吉林省正岔铅锌矿床具有多源、多期、多阶段成矿的特点,成矿主要与燕山期花岗斑岩体有关.对矿床地质特征、同位素地球化学特征、成矿机理等的研究认为:成矿物质具有双重来源--地层源与岩浆源,成矿水源为岩浆水和大气降水的混合,成矿热源为花岗斑岩的活动,成因类型为层控夕卡岩型矿床. 相似文献
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西藏甲玛铜多金属矿硫同位素地球化学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西藏墨竹工卡县甲玛铜多金属矿床位于冈底斯成矿带东段,Cu、Mo、Pb+Zn、Au、Ag均达大型规模,并伴生Co、Bi、W、Ni等多金属矿化。黄铜矿、斑铜矿、辉钼矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、黝铜矿、辉铜矿等硫化物为主要的矿石矿物,硫酸盐矿物以硬石膏为主,含矿岩浆岩以花岗斑岩、二长花岗斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩为主。通过对甲玛矿区主要硫化物和硬石膏的硫同位素分析,并结合前人研究,甲玛矿区硫化物的硫同位素δ34S值变化于13.6‰～+12.5‰,平均值1.33‰(样品数86)、硬石膏δ34S值+0.5‰～+1.8‰,平均值+1.13‰(样品数3)、岩浆岩δ34S值0.7‰～0.2‰,平均值0.5‰(样品数3),与岩浆硫δ34S值0±3‰一致。闪锌矿-方铅矿-黄铜矿矿物对的硫同位素地质温度计,显示成矿温度为408～433℃,说明其形成时硫同位素处于平衡状态。冈底斯成矿带上的驱龙等斑岩型矿床中硫化物和岩浆岩硫同位素,均具有δ34S值变化范围小,平均值接近0值,与岩浆硫特征一致的特点,反映了甲玛铜多金属矿床具有矽卡岩-斑岩型矿床硫同位素地球化学特征,硫以岩浆来源为主。 相似文献
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江西城门山铜矿地质特征及矿床成因 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
江西城门山铜矿床的形成与长山-城门湖背斜和NEE向、NW向、NNE向三组断裂有关,矿床主要产于燕山期花岗闪长斑岩与石炭系、二叠系、三叠系碳酸盐岩的接触带上,部分矿体产于花岗闪长斑岩中.成矿物质具有多源、深源性.矿床为似层状、豆荚状、透镜状、带状及席状.通过对矿体形态、矿石组成、矿石结构构造、围岩蚀变等矿床特征的研究,进一步分析了矿床的成因.其结果认为,城门山铜矿床为燕山早期晚阶段及晚期早阶段中酸性钙碱系列岩浆的多次上侵作用形成的矽卡岩型、块状硫化物型、斑岩型“三位一体”的铜矿床,为岩浆期后中低温热液矿床. 相似文献
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新疆三岔口铜矿床成矿流体性质及成因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
三岔口铜矿床含矿岩体为海西中期的斜长花岗斑岩,矿体受构造控制.流体包裹体以气-液型为主,气液比较小,变化介于3%～7%之间.均一温度为140～280℃,成矿流体为低盐度、中低温热液.在成矿过程中随着硫化物的形成硫逸度降低,流体由弱酸性变为中性直至最后成为弱碱性.矿石硫同位素组成显示出幔源硫的特征,石英脉氧同位素组成表明成矿后期大量地下水加入成矿热液.矿石铅同位素组成为异常铅,富集放射成因206Pb和208Pb,样品线性关系良好,具壳一幔混合成因的特点.成矿模式年龄为245Ma.成矿物质主要来源于岩浆活动,同时与地壳物质的加入也有密切的关系.该矿床为与中深成相形成的斜长花岗斑岩有关的中-低温(岩浆-地下水)热液交代-充填型铜(钼)矿床. 相似文献
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贵池铜山岩体演化与成矿的关系 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
铜山岩体是在同一岩浆源,同一时期内由岩浆演化形成的石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩组成的复式岩体。铜山铜矿床的成矿物质和热液主要来源于铜山岩体。随着岩浆长期的演化分异和侵入活动,成矿物质不断富集在岩浆热液中,在有利成矿空间形成了层状黄铁矿型、角砾岩型、矽卡岩型和斑岩型铜矿床 相似文献
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驱龙-甲玛-邦铺铜多金属矿集区是西藏冈底斯成矿带上的重要矿集区,铜资源量超过1500万吨。前人研究认为三个矿床成矿物质来源于岩浆,但未讨论不同时代、不同矿化的岩浆岩铅同位素与矿石铅同位素组成的关系,并缺乏从矿集区尺度来分析。本文通过分析已发表的矿石、岩浆岩和地层铅同位素数据,认为驱龙、甲玛、邦铺矿床矿石铅与中新世含矿斑岩铅同位素特征基本一致,区别于与成矿无关的岩浆岩铅同位素组成。空间上,从南西的驱龙,至甲玛,至北东的邦铺,成矿年龄从老到新,铅同位素演化规律明显,放射成因铅递增(矿石206Pb/204Pb平均值18.521→18.644→18.684)。这种铅同位素地球化学特征不仅指示了成矿物质来自岩浆,并可区分与成矿有关和无关的岩浆岩,同时指示了成矿期岩浆岩与成矿关系的密切程度。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
18.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
19.
Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
20.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献