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1.
曲林岩体位于冈底斯带中段的南缘,为渐新世-中新世复合岩体,主体为粗粒花岗斑岩,被后期煌斑质、花岗闪长质和花岗质岩脉切割,是多期岩浆作用的产物,出露面积约8km2。花岗斑岩两组样品(T0849-PG和T0849-G)的锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为29.7±0.1Ma和30.0±0.2Ma。花岗斑岩为高钾,准铝质,低MgO,高度富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损重稀土元素(HREE)和高场强元素(HFSE)。此外具有高Sr、Sr/Y、(La/Yb)N;低Y和Yb,弱Eu负异常等特征。岩体内发育一系列近南北向展布的花岗闪长玢岩脉,其中两组样品的锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为15.5±0.1Ma(T0848-PY)和14.4±0.1Ma(T0850)。两条花岗闪长玢岩脉具有与岩体主体相似的稀土和微量元素分布模式,同样富集轻稀土及大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土及高场强元素。花岗斑岩的87Sr/86Sr(i)=0.706102~0.706202,εNdt)=-0.6~+0.6,锆石εHft)=+4.9~+7.9;花岗闪长玢岩脉的87Sr/86Sr(i)=0.705429~0.705474,εNdt)=-1.4~-0.2,锆石εHft)=+2.6~+7.6。本文数据和文献数据结果表明:曲林花岗斑岩与花岗闪长玢岩脉均来源于加厚南拉萨下地壳的部分熔融,很可能与增厚的深部岩石圈的拆沉或俯冲印度岩石圈的撕裂诱发软流圈上涌有关。  相似文献   

2.
晋宁运动形成的昆阳群古侵蚀面上存在大小不一的沉积凹地,成为陡山沱组重要的聚矿构造。昆阳群大型铜矿为陡山沱组白沙包铜矿提供丰富成矿物质来源。断裂构造是白沙包铜矿进一步改造富集的重要因素。  相似文献   

3.
云南卓玛铅锌矿床地球化学特征及矿床成因   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
提要:云南卓玛铅锌矿位于义敦岛弧南端的中甸弧,矿体产于印支期石英二长斑岩中,受断裂破碎带控制。通过对非矿斑岩、碎裂斑岩矿石、脉状矿石的稀土元素及矿石方铅矿硫、铅同位素的研究,表明非矿斑岩与矿石的稀土元素地球化学特征相似,矿石与斑岩同源。方铅矿的δ34S变化范围为-0.01‰~-2.90‰,为幔源岩浆硫,铅同位素206Pb/204Pb为18.0959~18.1119,207Pb/204Pb为15.6118~15.6191,208Pb/204Pb为38.2515~38.2918,矿石铅主要来自造山环境,源区属于以幔源铅为主的壳幔混合源。矿区铅锌矿化富集与印支晚期卓玛复式斑岩体密切相关,矿床属受断裂破碎带控制的岩浆热液充填-交代型矿床。  相似文献   

4.
在柴北缘东段识别出早古生代埃达克岩-富Nb玄武岩的火山岩组合。埃达克岩富Na2O、贫K2O,K2O/Na2O比值介于0.14~0.43之间;高Sr(614×10-6~1043×10-6),但亏损Y(3.26×10-6~14.1×10-6)和Yb(0.33×10-6~1.46×10-6),具有高的Sr/Y比值(44~282);富集Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素及Cr、Ni、Co、V等相容元素。富Nb玄武岩富Na2O、贫K2O、高TiO2,其Nb含量较高,介于16.9×10-6~17.9×10-6之间,具有高的Nb/Ta、Nb/U、(Nb/La)N比值,同时富集高场强元素。埃达克岩锆石U-Pb定年得到453±4Ma和457±4Ma的结晶年龄。锆石εHft)范围较大,介于3.40~13.23之间,对应的二阶段模式年龄tDM2介于1059~566Ma之间,显示以新生物质为主的特征。综合研究表明柴北缘东段埃达克岩可能为岛弧环境下俯冲的南祁连大洋板片部分熔融的产物。板片来源的埃达克质熔体交代或与上覆地幔楔橄榄岩反应,导致被交代的地幔橄榄岩部分熔融而形成富Nb玄武质岩浆。柴北缘东段埃达克岩-富Nb玄武岩火山岩组合的厘定表明南祁连洋可能直到~455Ma之前并未完全闭合,同时表明俯冲大洋板片的部分熔融可能是柴北缘早古生代地壳增生的一种重要方式。  相似文献   

5.
南冈底斯晚白垩世岩浆岩的成因及地球动力学机制一直存在争议。本文对冈底斯南缘努林花岗闪长岩开展地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及同位素示踪研究。结果显示,该岩体具有富SiO2(66.62%~67.81%)、高Al2O3(15.11%~15.66%)、高Sr(>481×10-6),低Y(≤8.13×10-6)和低Yb(≤0.73×10-6)特征,Sr/Y比值达59~111,显示埃达克岩的特征;岩石轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,具有显著的Eu正异常;富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素。(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.704011~0.704244,εNd(t)=+3.61~+5.75,总体反映地幔源区的Sr、Nd同位素特征。锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS测年显示存在83Ma和89Ma两组年龄。结合地质及地球化学分析,认为努林花岗闪长岩是新特提斯洋洋脊俯冲引起的镁铁质新生下地壳部分熔融的产物。  相似文献   

6.
徐家湾二长花岗岩体位于北淮阳构造带内桐柏-桐城与郯城-庐江两大断裂的交汇处,岩体呈岩株状侵入新元古界老变质岩层中。本文利用原子吸收光谱和ICP-MS法测定了岩体主量和微量元素的含量,表明岩体具SiO2和Al2O3较高、富碱、过铝质、Mg#小等特征。大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Ba富集,Sr亏损;高场强元素(HFSE)Y、Th、Nb、Hf、U富集,Ta、P、Ti亏损;岩体整体亏损HFSE,富集LILE;LaN/YbN与LREEs/HREEs值均较大,具较弱的δCe负异常,显示该岩体为过铝质A型花岗。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年获得徐家湾二长花岗岩侵位年龄在128.0±0.9~129.6±1.4 Ma之间,是早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。研究认为徐家湾二长花岗岩体形成于造山后的伸展环境,形成岩体的岩浆源于岩石圈地幔,并受到地壳物质的混染。  相似文献   

7.
凯里市大田铝土矿是贵州省重要铝土矿成矿带凯里─黄平矿集区(带)内的重要矿床。通过工作发现:①二叠系梁山组是其含矿层位,矿体呈似层状、透镜状/漏斗状产出,总体走向NE,平均厚2.59 m,w(Al2O3)平均值为64.25%,铝硅比平均为5.25,铝土矿(332+333)矿石资源量978.38×104 t;②矿石矿物以一水硬铝石为主,矿石结构一般为自形、半自形或它形粒状结构,构造主要为块状构造、孔隙状构造、层纹状构造,矿石类型以低硫低铁铝土矿为主;③矿床受断裂构造影响较大,在该区西北部的泥质岩相带中铝土矿成矿较好,矿体厚度与含矿岩系厚度成正比,矿石的w(Al2O3)值与w(SiO2)值成反比;④高坡场组古岩溶洼地、槽沟是该区铝土矿找矿的有利部位。  相似文献   

8.
中生代基性辉绿岩墙广泛分布于华北克拉通东部山东地区。本研究给出代表性岩墙的U-Pb锆石年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素证据,4个代表性锆石的LA-ICP-MS年龄范围处于121.9±0.6Ma和124.3±0.5Ma之间(早白垩纪)。岩石的主量元素组成变化较小,岩石富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(如,Rb、Ba、U、K和Pb),以及亏损高场强元素(如,Nb、Ta和Ti)。另外,基性岩墙具有相对一致的(87Sr/86Sr)i比值(~0.7098),负的εNd(t)值(-14.7~-14.5)、εHf(t)值(-31.4~-26.7)和高的Hf模式年龄(tDM1=1817~2024Ma)。研究显示基性岩墙来自富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融作用,并在上升侵位过程中经历了一定程度的地壳混染作用影响。总体研究表明,基性岩墙的成因机制与扬子克拉通与华北克拉通的碰撞有关,岩浆源区为晚中生代前受俯冲扬子地壳沉积物交代后的富集岩石圈地幔。  相似文献   

9.
沂沭断裂带内发育了大量的中生代火山岩,其成因研究对剖析断裂带活动规律具有重要意义。本文对断裂带北段潍坊、安丘、鄌郚地区中生代火山岩进行了详细的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和主量元素、微量元素、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素分析。探讨了沂沭断裂带中生代火山岩成因及其形成的地球动力学过程。断裂带北段火山岩年龄集中在131~124Ma之间,喷发于早白垩世。岩石为一套高钾钙碱性火山岩,包括玄武安山岩、粗安岩、粗面岩、英安岩。火山岩富集Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。稀土元素含量高(∑REE=140.5×10-6~433.1×10-6),富集轻稀土、亏损重稀土(∑LREE/∑HREE=9.8~31.0),无明显的Eu负异常。火山岩具有富集且变化范围较大的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成,(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.708054~0.711692,εNdt)值为-15.3~-7.4,(206Pb/204Pb)i=17.213~17.962,(207Pb/204Pb)i=15.425~15.590,(208Pb/204Pb)i=37.597~38.365。研究表明,高钾钙碱性火山岩的源区与区域基性岩源区一致,均为富集岩石圈地幔。玄武安山岩、粗安岩、粗面岩经基性岩浆分离结晶作用形成,英安岩则遭受了华北下地壳强烈混染。三叠纪末期,由于扬子板块向华北克拉通俯冲,扬子地壳析出的流体/熔体交代了华北古老岩石圈地幔,形成富集岩石圈地幔。早白垩世,受古太平洋板块俯冲和后撤作用,富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成基性岩浆,岩浆在上升过程中发生分离结晶作用,受沂沭断裂深切作用影响,部分地区遭受华北下地壳混染,最终形成区内各类高钾钙碱性火山岩。  相似文献   

10.
天宇镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于新疆中天山地块与觉罗塔格构造带的分界断裂——沙泉子深大断裂的南侧约5km。岩体呈向北陡倾的岩墙状,地表出露面积约0.056km2。该杂岩体主要由辉长岩、辉石岩、辉橄岩和橄榄岩相组成,橄辉岩、辉橄岩和橄榄岩是主要的Cu、Ni赋矿岩相。镁铁-超镁铁岩的主量元素含量显示,天宇岩体属拉斑玄武岩成因系列,m/f为1.44~3.61,平均值为2.25,为铁质超基性岩(m/f=2~6.5)。稀土元素标准化配分模式为轻稀土富集型,Eu弱负异常或无异常,相似的稀土元素配分模式说明岩体的同源性。富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,说明源区可能有陆壳物质的混染。Nb/Hf、Ce/Pb、Nb/U、La/Sm、Th/Nb比值显示岩体可能经受上地壳物质的混染。锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究表明,岩体形成年龄为290.2±3.4Ma,与东天山地区镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩体的形成时间一致。锆石的Lu/Hf比值比较均一,且(176Hf/177Hf) i变化很小,说明源区性质比较单一。锆石的(176Hf/177Hf) i值为0.282625~0.282770,相应的εHf(t)均为正值(1.10~6.06),Lu-Hf的单阶段模式年龄(tDM1)为674~884.7Ma,平均年龄为799Ma,比岩体的U-Pb年龄大,显示岩浆来源于亏损地幔或者源区有壳源物质的加入。上述岩石地球化学、年代学特征,为晚古生代古亚洲洋向南俯冲提供了佐证。  相似文献   

11.
Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations.  相似文献   

12.
针对兖州煤田下组煤深部开采受奥灰高承压水威胁以及当地大型煤化工企业生产用水量大的现状,在已进行的水文地质勘探及放水试验基础上,评价奥灰富水性,并采用有限差分法进行奥灰疏水降压数值模拟研究,提出水煤共采观点。研究结果表明:兖州煤田深部奥灰水压高,合理布置水煤共采孔,可以实现奥灰水位的有效疏降,疏降中心区水位最大降深可达110 m,突水系数显著下降,提高了下组煤开采的安全性;同时可提供煤化工43200 m3/d的供水量,能达到可持续的、水资源保护性的供水效果,实现下组煤的水煤共采。  相似文献   

13.
《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2.  相似文献   

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16.
Partition coefficients of Hf,Zr, and REE between zircon,apatite, and liquid   总被引:25,自引:2,他引:25  
Concentration ratios of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid were determined for three igneous compositions: two andesites and a diorite. The concentration ratios of these elements between zircon and corresponding liquid can approximate the partition coefficient. Although the concentration ratios between apatite and andesite groundmass can be considered as partition coefficients, those for the apatite in the diorite may deviate from the partition coefficients. The HREE partition coefficients between zircon and liquid are very large (100 for Er to 500 for Lu), and the Hf partition coefficient is even larger. The REE partition coefficients between apatite and liquid are convex upward, and large (D=10–100), whereas the Hf and Zr partition coefficients are less than 1. The large differences between partition coefficients of Lu and Hf for zircon-liquid and for apatite-liquid are confirmed. These partition coefficients are useful for petrogenetic models involving zircon and apatite.  相似文献   

17.
The distribution of Cu, Co, As and Fe was studied downstream from mines and deposits in the Idaho Cobalt Belt (ICB), the largest Co resource in the USA. To evaluate potential contamination in ecosystems in the ICB, mine waste, stream sediment, soil, and water were collected and analyzed for Cu, Co, As and Fe in this area. Concentrations of Cu in mine waste and stream sediment collected proximal to mines in the ICB ranged from 390 to 19,000 μg/g, exceeding the USEPA target clean-up level and the probable effect concentration (PEC) for Cu of 149 μg/g in sediment; PEC is the concentration above which harmful effects are likely in sediment dwelling organisms. In addition concentrations of Cu in mine runoff and stream water collected proximal to mines were highly elevated in the ICB and exceeded the USEPA chronic criterion for aquatic organisms of 6.3 μg/L (at a water hardness of 50 mg/L) and an LC50 concentration for rainbow trout of 14 μg/L for Cu in water. Concentrations of Co in mine waste and stream sediment collected proximal to mines varied from 14 to 7400 μg/g and were highly elevated above regional background concentrations, and generally exceeded the USEPA target clean-up level of 80 μg/g for Co in sediment. Concentrations of Co in water were as high as in 75,000 μg/L in the ICB, exceeding an LC50 of 346 μg/L for rainbow trout for Co in water by as much as two orders of magnitude, likely indicating an adverse effect on trout. Mine waste and stream sediment collected in the ICB also contained highly elevated As concentrations that varied from 26 to 17,000 μg/g, most of which exceeded the PEC of 33 μg/g and the USEPA target clean-up level of 35 μg/g for As in sediment. Conversely, most water samples had As concentrations that were below the 150 μg/L chronic criterion for protection of aquatic organisms and the USEPA target clean-up level of 14 μg/L. There is abundant Fe oxide in streams in the ICB and several samples of mine runoff and stream water exceeded the chronic criterion for protection of aquatic organisms of 1000 μg/L for Fe. There has been extensive remediation of mined areas in the ICB, but because some mine waste remaining in the area contains highly elevated Cu, Co, As and Fe, inhalation or ingestion of mine waste particulates may lead to human exposure to these elements.  相似文献   

18.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

19.
The crystal/liquid partition coefficients of Lu, Hf, Ti, Mn and Ca have been measured between olivine, clinopyroxene and basaltic melt. The Ti, Mn, and Ca partition coefficients were determined at natural abundance levels. The Lu and Hf partition coefficients were determined at doping levels ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 wt% “trace element” as oxide in order to allow analysis by electron microprobe. Olivine/liquid partition coefficients for Lu, Hf, Ti, Mn, and Ca were determined at 1 bar and temperatures from 1150 to 1177° C. Clinopyroxene/liquid partition coefficients were determined for Lu, Hf, Ti, and Mn at pressures of 10, 15, and 20 kbars and temperatures from 1250 to 1290° C. The olivine/liquid partition coefficients of Hf, Lu, Ti, and Ca are small. D(Hf-ol) is zero within the analytical uncertainty. Both D(Lu-ol) and D(Mn-ol) decrease with increasing temperature, but D(Ti-ol) and D(Ca-ol) are constant over the narrow temperature range studied. The partition coefficient results are summarized below.
T°C  相似文献   

20.
Stratiform quartz-sulphide lodes in Ingladhal occur in a typical Precambrian green-stone-belt environment comprising metabasalts, tuff, chert and cherty iron-sulphide formation. Unusually high cobalt contents of metavolcanics and of sulphide minerals in orebodies suggest a consanguinity between ores and rocks. 90% of total nickel, 70% of total cobalt but only 30% of total copper in rocks occur in silicate phases and thus indicate an early separation of copper from cobalt and nickel. Unusually high non-sulphide copper in barren bedded cherts implies availability of Cu-rich solution prior to their lithification. Pyrite in sediments, in volcanics, and in orebodies is characterized by a distinctive pattern of Co-Ni distribution in each case. Partitioning of Co and Ni between coexisting sulphide pairs is complex, but gross equilibrium is indicated. Very high trace metal content of orebody pyrite sharply contrasts with very low such values in pyrite from adjacent sediments and points to a higher temperature of formation of orebodies.  相似文献   

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