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1.
中生代基性辉绿岩墙广泛分布于华北克拉通东部山东地区。本研究给出代表性岩墙的U-Pb锆石年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素证据,4个代表性锆石的LA-ICP-MS年龄范围处于121.9±0.6Ma和124.3±0.5Ma之间(早白垩纪)。岩石的主量元素组成变化较小,岩石富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(如,Rb、Ba、U、K和Pb),以及亏损高场强元素(如,Nb、Ta和Ti)。另外,基性岩墙具有相对一致的(87Sr/86Sr)i比值(~0.7098),负的εNd(t)值(-14.7~-14.5)、εHf(t)值(-31.4~-26.7)和高的Hf模式年龄(tDM1=1817~2024Ma)。研究显示基性岩墙来自富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融作用,并在上升侵位过程中经历了一定程度的地壳混染作用影响。总体研究表明,基性岩墙的成因机制与扬子克拉通与华北克拉通的碰撞有关,岩浆源区为晚中生代前受俯冲扬子地壳沉积物交代后的富集岩石圈地幔。  相似文献   

2.
松辽盆地徐家围子营城组发育一套以流纹岩为主的中酸性火山岩。岩石薄片观察和主量、微量元素研究发现,后期热液蚀变、区域埋深及低温水合作用对流纹岩的Si、K、Rb等元素含量产生一定影响; 流纹岩明显富集Rb、Th、U、Pb等强不相容元素,Ba、Sr、Ti、Eu、P 负异常,暗示其经历了斜长石、磷灰石和钛铁矿分离结晶作用。流纹岩的(87Sr/86Sr)i(0.705265 ~ 0.711895)值变化范围较大,大多数εNd(t)为正值(1.83 ~ 3.38),Pb同位素比值相对集中,(206Pb/204Pb)i=18.09~18.32,(207Pb/204Pb)i=15.50 ~ 15.54,(208Pb/204Pb)i=37.80 ~ 38.10。研究表明,岩石的源区为大比例年轻成分与少量古老地壳的混合部分熔融,其演化过程中经历了不同程度的地壳混染。松辽盆地早白垩世火山岩为板内伸展环境喷发的产物,可能与太平洋板块俯冲导致的中国东部岩石圈减薄、软流圈上涌密切相关。  相似文献   

3.
新疆喀拉通克镁铁质岩体群的岩石成因研究   总被引:19,自引:9,他引:10  
喀拉通克镁铁质岩体群位于准噶尔板块北缘,由13个小岩体组成。主要岩石类型为方辉橄榄岩、橄榄苏长岩、辉长苏长岩、辉长岩、淡色辉长岩、辉长闪长岩等。主要造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、普通辉石、紫苏辉石、斜长石和数量较多的褐色普通角闪石、黑云母等。主量元素分属钙碱性系列、岛弧拉斑玄武岩系列和具有MORB属性的拉斑玄武岩系列。大多数样品具有高LREE/HREE比值、富集大离子亲石元素,相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)。εNd(t)=+6.2~+8.2,4件样品的εSr(t)=-0.6~-36.3,另有1件样品为+36.5;(206Pb/204Pb) i=17.784~18.008,(207Pb/204Pb) i=15.400~15.555,(208Pb/204Pb) i=36.973~37.560。元素地球化学和Nd、Sr、Pb、Os、O、S同位素体系证明,岩浆仅在局部遭受了同化混染作用。原生岩浆为高镁的拉斑玄武岩浆(MgO=11.6%)。岩浆在上侵和运移过程中经历了以单斜辉石为主的暗色矿物的广泛分离结晶作用和斜长石的凝聚,导致了淡色辉长岩的广泛分布和超镁铁岩的严重缺失。岩浆源区由被消减板片交代的地幔楔物质和软流圈地幔物质组成,因而富集不相容元素和水,并因交代作用与岩浆生成的时差短,而保持放射成因同位素的亏损状态。在岩石圈根部拆沉和软流圈地幔上涌过程中生成了喀拉通克镁铁质岩体群。  相似文献   

4.
本研究共涉及来自太行山和郯庐断裂岩浆带的12组基性岩墙群,岩墙群具体出露于河北省、山西省、山东省和安徽省。研究中给出了新的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素基性岩墙测试数据。基性岩墙形成于128.1±1.2Ma与115.0±0.8Ma之间,且具有典型的辉绿结构。另外,基性岩墙富集轻稀土元素(LREE)、个别大离子亲石元素(如,Rb、Ba、Sr)、Pb和Th,亏损Nb、Ta和Ti,具有高的初始87Sr/86Sr比值(0.7056~0.7105),负的εNdt)(-15.5~-12.4)、相对一致的初始Pb同位素比值(206Pb/204Pb=16.45~16.49、207Pb/204Pb=15.44~15.51、208Pb/204Pb=36.49~36.53)及较大的Nd模式年龄(tDM2Nd=1.82~2.69Ga)。研究结果表明,基性岩墙来自石榴石二辉橄榄岩地幔源区(类似EM1)一定程度的(1.0%~5.0%)部分熔融,岩浆侵位前经历了橄榄石、单斜辉石和角闪石的分离结晶作用,同时受到少量地壳混染的影响。目前,关于华北克拉通破坏和中生代岩浆作用的成因已有较多可能模式,本研究基性岩墙成因的新模式:古太平洋板块与华北克拉通的持续碰撞,导致华北克拉通岩石圈(地幔和地壳)加厚,并发生可能的榴辉岩化,并在一定时间发生拆沉作用。在新模式的制约下,导致了研究区中生代基性岩墙的产生和侵位。  相似文献   

5.
新疆东天山葫芦岩体岩石学与地球化学研究   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:10  
葫芦岩体位于康古尔—黄山韧性剪切带东段,地表出露面积0.75km2。主要岩石类型有辉长闪长岩、辉长岩、辉石岩、辉橄岩、橄揽岩。岩相之间多呈渐变过渡关系,局部也有侵入接触。主量元素化学组成基本上属拉斑玄武岩系列。岩石相对富集LREE、适度亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)。岩浆演化过程中发生了较弱的同化混染作用。橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石和斜长石的分离结晶作用是岩浆演化的主要机制。四件样品εNd(t)值(+6.4~+7.1),一件样品的εSr(t)=+3.4,其余三件的εSr(t)值(-10.1~-9.3),206Pb/204Pb(18.091~18.513)、207Pb/204Pb(15.459~15.528)、208Pb/204Pb(37.526~38.126)。元素地球化学和Nd、Sr、Pb同位素体系表明,源区软流圈来源的岩浆中混入了富集岩石圈地幔来源的岩浆。稀土元素地球化学证明,熔融作用发生于尖晶石稳定域内。由此可见,岩体是尖晶石稳定域内占主体的软流圈地幔与富集岩石圈地幔相互作用的结果。  相似文献   

6.
吴齐  牛漫兰  朱光  王婷 《地质科学》2014,49(4):1113-1131
沂沭断裂带内高桥盆地早白垩世火山岩SiO2含量为51.97%~68.94%;由玄武粗安岩、 粗面岩和流纹岩组成;都属于碱性岩。岩石富集Rb、 Ba、 K等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素;相对亏损Nb、 Ta、 Ti等高场强元素和重稀土元素;并具有富集的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成。钾质粗面岩具有高稀土Cr、 Ni含量、 La/Yb、Sr/Y和Th/U高比值;这类似于华北克拉通东南缘早白垩世富集岩石圈来源的基性岩(如方城玄武岩、 沂南辉长岩);其可能主要来源于富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融。与之相比;钠质玄武粗安岩具有低Cr、 Ni含量 、 87Sr/86Sr(t)、 Th/U和高εNd(t)值;表明它可能由岩石圈地幔熔体与软流圈物质混合而成。沂沭断裂带高桥盆地火山岩形成于岩石圈伸展背景下;沂沭断裂带的活动可能诱使软流圈物质的上涌;导致岩石圈地幔升温发生部分熔融;并为软流圈物质的上升提供了通道。  相似文献   

7.
非洲乍得盆地火山岩地球化学特征及成因   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
钻井揭示了乍得盆地中新生代有大量玄武岩喷发,主要为橄榄拉斑玄武岩,少数为石英拉斑玄武岩和碱性橄榄玄武岩。主量、微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学研究表明,乍得盆地玄武岩岩浆在上升过程中经历了橄榄石、单斜辉石的分离结晶作用,且未受到陆壳物质的混染;岩石明显富集轻稀土元素、大离子亲石元素和高场强元素,Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf具正异常。晚白垩世玄武岩(87Sr/86Sr) i比值(0.704167~0.706564)高于古近纪玄武岩(0.703545~0.705380),(143Nd/144Nd)i比值(0.512451~0.512703)低于古近纪玄武岩(0.512690~0.512847);晚白垩世玄武岩εNd(t)u值变化范围较大(-1.4~3.5),且明显低于古近纪玄武岩(2.6~5.6)。两者具有相似的Pb同位素比值,206Pb/204Pb=18.14~18.96,207Pb/204Pb=15.56~15.62,208Pb/204Pb=38.33~38.88。乍得盆地玄武岩主要来自于亏损地幔DM和富集地幔EMⅡ两种端元组分混合产生的,石榴石橄榄岩的母熔体可能是本区玄武岩产生的源区,是地幔高度部分熔融的结果(15%左右)。乍得盆地玄武岩的地幔组份随时间的演化可能与中生代以来中、西非地区软流圈上涌、岩石圈减薄作用密切相关。  相似文献   

8.
【研究目的】 白云金矿是辽东地区代表性的大型金矿床之一,通过厘清矿区内基性脉岩的形成时代、成因及其构造背景,有助于深化对区域构造演化过程及矿床成因的认识。【研究方法】 本文基于矿床的野外地质特征,对与矿化有密切关系的煌斑岩开展了岩相学、年代学和地球化学研究。【研究结果】 煌斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(126.81±0.65) Ma,表明形成于早白垩世。岩石地球化学结果显示,煌斑岩属于碱性系列、钾玄质岩石,具有富镁(MgO=3.63%~4.07%,Mg#=54~60)、富钾(K2O/Na2O=1.26~3.47)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=4.41%~5.23%)的特征;富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、U)和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)和重稀土元素,具有典型的与俯冲有关的弧岩浆岩特征。同位素地球化学结果显示,煌斑岩富集放射性Pb同位素;锆石176Hf/177Hf为0.282117~0.282471,具有负的εHf (t)值(-20.80~-7.81),指示岩浆源区为受俯冲熔体/流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔。【结论】 结合区域大地构造背景,白垩纪时,由于古太平洋板块俯冲后撤产生伸展拉张环境,软流圈地幔物质的上涌可能促使EMII型富集地幔的部分熔融而形成基性岩浆,并沿郯庐深大断裂带及其次一级断裂上侵形成白云矿区煌斑岩。因此,本区早白垩世基性岩浆活动是对该时期华北克拉通东部岩石圈减薄的响应。  相似文献   

9.
作为岩石圈伸展拉张背景侵位的特征岩石,基性岩墙群(煌斑岩、辉绿岩和辉绿玢岩等)地质和地球化学研究日益受到地质研究者的关注。研究显示,基性岩墙在全球范围主要分布在美国、加拿大、巴西、澳大利亚和中国等地区,且年代格架主要集中在前寒武纪时期(2.4Ga、2.1Ga、1.8Ga、1.4Ga、1.0Ga)。目前,国内中生代以来基性岩墙群主要出露于华北克拉通、华南、西藏和塔里木盆地。本研究基性岩墙来自山西省大同附近,对于该套岩墙,本文给出了锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素证据。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为293Ma,岩石具有变化较小的主元素变化特征(SiO2=50.78%~51.35%,TiO2=2.16%~2.32%,Al2O3=14.53%~15.08%,Fe2O3=12.42%~12.66%,MnO=0.13%~0.16%,MgO=5.14%~5.35%,CaO=7.93%~8.25%,Na2O=3.52%~3.78%,K2O=1.01%~1.14%和P2O5=0.24%~0.36%)。另外,基性岩墙富集轻稀土元素、大离子侵石元素(Ba,K和Sr)和高场强元素(Nb,Ta和Zr),亏损Th、Pb和Ti。同时,基性岩墙具有相对一致的(87Sr/86Sr)i比值(0.70422~0.70423),正的εNdt)值(5.8~6.1)和变化较小的Nd模式年龄(tDM1=0.67~0.72Ga,tDM2=0.57~0.59Ga)。以上特征表明,基性岩墙来自亏损软流圈地幔的分布熔融作用,岩浆侵位过程中发生了橄榄石、辉石和含Ti相矿物的分离结晶作用,但没有受到地壳物质的混染作用影响。基性岩墙的成因上与华北克拉通和西伯利亚板块碰撞后的拉伸作用有密切联系。  相似文献   

10.
朱昱升  侯广顺  杨进辉 《岩石学报》2012,28(12):4064-4076
大陆碱性玄武岩是研究大陆地幔、软流圈和岩石圈、壳幔相互作用的窗口。鹤壁碱性玄武岩为华北中部新生代玄武岩重要组成部分,其源区和成因对了解新生代期间华北克拉通中部岩石圈地幔改造提供了重要依据。鹤壁新生代玄武岩主要为碱性玄武岩,贫硅(SiO2=45.0%~47.8%)富镁(MgO=7.3%~8.5%)和全碱(Na2O+K2O=4.6%~6.3%),富集轻稀土元素,轻、重稀土元素强烈分馏,无明显Eu异常。富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs)和高场强元素(HFSEs)。在原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,具有明显的Nb、Ta正异常,其中Nb/U=35~48、La/Nb=0.4~0.7、Ba/Nb=3.6~11。 全岩的Sr、Nd、Hf同位素比值分别为87Sr/86Sri=0.7036~0.7044,εNd(t)=+0.4~+5.4, εHf(t)=+5.0~+9.7,显示鹤壁新生代玄武岩具有洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的地球化学特征和同位素组成。岩相学特征和地球化学特征表明鹤壁新生代玄武岩是软流圈地幔(>80km)小程度部分熔融形成的熔体与富集的岩石圈地幔相互作用后的结果,地壳物质混染和结晶分离作用不显著。  相似文献   

11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。  相似文献   

12.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
据1:5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料,就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因,其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应,以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上,讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。  相似文献   

14.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

15.
塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。  相似文献   

16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。   相似文献   

17.
The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy (SSS) proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy (ICS). The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob's Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.  相似文献   

18.
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.  相似文献   

19.
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.  相似文献   

20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the  相似文献   

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