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1.
冀北东猴顶A型花岗岩成因：岩石地球化学、锆石
U Pb年代学及Sr—Nd—Pb—Hf同位素制约 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对河北丰宁地区前人所定的东猴顶正长斑岩和石英正长斑岩进行了岩石学、锆石U Pb年代学、元素地球化学以及Sr—Nd—Pb—Hf同位素分析。LA MC ICP MS锆石U Pb测年和岩石学显示东猴顶岩体为早白垩世（~129Ma）钾长花岗斑岩,而非前人认为的侏罗纪—白垩纪正长斑岩和石英正长斑岩。东猴顶岩体具有高硅（6907%~7300%）、富碱（Na2O+K2O：900%~1056%）和FeO（全铁）/MgO比值大的特征,属高钾钙碱性系列;岩石富集轻稀土,负铕异常明显（δEu：025~041）,相对富集K、Rb等大离子亲石元素和Zr、Hf、Th、U、Y等高场强元素,亏损Ca、Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Cr、Ni、Co等元素,Ga/Al比值高,具A型花岗岩特征,可能形成于伸展环境构造体制。岩体n（87Sr)/n(86Sr）i=070815~071197,εNd（t）值为-132~-168,对应的二阶段模式年龄（T2DM）为20~23Ga;全岩n(206Pb)/n(204Pb)i=16745~16765,n(207Pb)/n(204Pb)i=15372~15394,n(208Pb)/n(204Pb)i=37706~37794;锆石Hf同位素组成为εHf（t）值=-207 ~ -92,二阶段模式年龄（TDMC）为19~26 Ga。同位素特征表明岩体源岩可能主要来自壳源物质。考虑到华北克拉通东部地壳生长的主要时期为新太古代,因此,东猴顶岩体的岩浆来源于太古代地壳物质和部分亏损地幔物质的混合源区,是华北克拉通北缘中生代岩石圈强烈减薄、地壳伸展作用的结果。 相似文献
2.
蒙西斑岩铜钼矿含矿斑岩体主要为斜长花岗斑岩。通过对含矿斑岩体地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征的研究,确立斑岩体为过铝质钙碱性系列岩石,富集Rb,Ba,U,K,Pb,Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Th,Ta,Nb,Nd,Ti等高场强元素;具低的(87Sr/86Sr)ⅰ值(0.704 65~0.705 37)和相对较高的εNd(t)值(-2.2~6.6),且有较低的初始铅同位素比值(206Pb/204Pb)i=17.13~17.33,(207Pb/204Pb)i=15.47~15.54,(208Pb/204Pb)i=37.11~37.33。上述特征表明其形成于岛弧环境,岩浆物质来源以幔源为主,但也有少量壳源组分参与,岩浆的形成可能与洋壳的俯冲作用有关。东准噶尔琼河坝地区是形成和寻找斑岩型铜矿的有利地区。 相似文献
3.
冀北窟窿山流纹斑岩位于赤峰—开原断裂以南、尚义—平泉断裂带以北的华北克拉通北缘隆起带和沽源—红山子铀成矿带的西南段,主要分布于窟窿山北西部,出露面积约25 km~2。本文通过SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年和主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素、Sr—Nd—Pb—O同位素组成测试,查明流纹斑岩形成的地质时代,探讨流纹斑岩的物质来源和形成的构造背景,分析流纹斑岩与铀矿化的关系。分析结果显示:流纹斑岩SHRIMP锆石n(~(206)Pb)/n(~(238)U)年龄为138.4±1.3 Ma(n=12,MSWD=0.25),属早白垩世早期;流纹斑岩具有高硅、富钾、钠,高FeO~T/MgO值,贫Al、Mg、Ca、P的高分异特征,属准铝质—弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩石,在SiO_2—[(Na_2O+K_2O)—CaO]和SiO_2—FeO~T/(FeO~T+MgO)图解中落于A型花岗岩区;∑REE含量较低,Eu负异常明显,具轻稀土富集型稀土配分曲线特征,富集Rb、Th、U、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Y等元素,亏损Sr、Ba、P、Ti等元素,10000Ga/Al=3.74～4.29(2.6),Zr+Nb+Ce+Y=374×10~(-6)～402×10~(-6)(350×10~(-6)),显示A型花岗岩微量元素的特征。流纹斑岩的[n(~(87)Sr)/n(~(86)Sr)]_i值变化范围较大(=0.690385～0.724000),ε_(Nd)(t)值较低(=-16.2～-14.9)、T_(DM2)较大(=2163～2244 Ma),Pb同位素比值较低{[n(~(206)Pb)/n(~(204)Pb)]_i=16.893～16.922、[n(~(207)Pb)/n(~(204)Pb)]_i=15.393～15.424、[n(~(208)Pb)/n(~(204)Pb)]_i=37.716～37.771},在铅同位素图解中窟窿山流纹斑岩同时带有下地壳物质和富集地幔印记;δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)=3.5‰～4.9‰,低于正常地幔的δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)值(=5.3‰±0.3‰),具低氧流纹岩特征。Sr—Nd—Pb—O同位素特征显示,流纹斑岩可能是源于DMM型、EMI型地幔和少量古老下地壳混合形成的年轻下地壳部分熔融的产物,而且与高温热液蚀变有关。对比表明,窟窿山流纹斑岩与中国东部绝大多数与火山岩有关的热液型铀矿的赋矿围岩时代一致,特别是与沽源—红山子铀成矿带西南段张麻井铀矿的赋矿流纹斑岩特征一致,而且在流纹斑岩的接触带内已揭露到铀矿化,指示窟窿山流纹斑岩的内、外接触带具有良好的找矿前景。 相似文献
4.
胶东地区大规模金成矿作用与中生代郭家岭期岩浆活动关系紧密,但针对胶东郭家岭期岩浆岩体的成因仍存在不同认识。本文选择焦家金矿带北段与金矿具有时空关系的郭家岭期丛家岩体作为研究对象,开展系统岩相学、地球化学、LA- MC- ICP- MS 锆石U- Pb年代学及Sr—Nd同位素研究。丛家岩体花岗岩的 Na2O/K2O分别为0. 69～1. 23,Na2O+K2O值为7. 29%～9. 58%,A/CNK值为1. 39～1. 51,为高钾钙碱性系列过铝质花岗岩;丛家岩体具有轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损、负铕异常（0. 41～0. 68）、大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr等富集、 Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素亏损、以及高Sr/Y值（81. 59～235. 5）等岩石地球化学特征;丛家岩体锆石LA- MC- ICP- MS的U- Pb年龄为126. 1±0. 3 Ma,可以代表丛家岩体结晶年龄;岩体n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) 值为0. 711463,其低于地壳的平均值（0. 7170）,高于地幔的平均值（0. 7090）,表明其有幔源物质的参与;\[n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)\]i 为0. 711117, Nd (t)的值为-17. 14,亏损地幔模式年龄( TDM2 ) 为3396 Ma。综合分析成因为幔源基性岩浆与下地壳重熔中酸性岩浆发生混合而成,并在上侵过程中受到玲珑期花岗岩的同化混染,是典型幔源物质直接参与混合的壳幔混合成因的花岗岩。 相似文献
5.
花岗岩可以有效示踪大陆基底物质,并区分具有不同地壳结构和演化历史的构造块体。洪镇花岗岩位于长江中下游地区江北A型花岗岩带的西延位置,距离郯庐断裂带约30 km。锆石SIMS定年表明,安庆怀宁县洪镇花岗岩形成于126. 2±2. 0 Ma,与长江中下游A型花岗岩以及大别造山带I型花岗岩的形成时代一致。洪镇花岗岩高硅、富钾,属于高钾钙碱性系列I型花岗岩。其富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,相对亏损中稀土元素和高场强元素,经历了角闪石为主的结晶分异。洪镇花岗岩具有较为富集的Sr—Nd—Hf同位素,和低放射性成因Pb同位素组成,其n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)(t)为0. 7065~0. 7066,εNd(t)值为-10. 9~-12. 0,锆石εHf(t)为-6. 7~-13. 2,n(206Pb)/n(204Pb)(t)、n(207Pb)/n(204Pb)(t)和n(208Pb)/n(204Pb)(t)分别在17. 063~17. 109、15. 568~15. 572和37. 351~37. 373之间。综合研究表明,洪镇花岗岩起源于古—中元古代中低成熟度沉积岩的水致部分熔融,为幔源岩浆底侵导致。从物质来源上,洪镇花岗岩岩浆源区类似于大别造山带经历过俯冲、折返后的中上地壳,而显著不同于长江中下游同时代A型花岗岩源区,表明洪镇地区具有上下地壳分属长江中下游和大别造山带的构造属性。在早白垩世早期郯庐断裂带南段西盘向南的强烈挤压下,大别造山带下地壳发生不规则流动,越过郯庐断裂带进入到洪镇地区下地壳成为洪镇花岗岩的源区。 相似文献
6.
胶东地区脉岩成因与金成矿关系的研究:年代学及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的约束 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
胶东半岛金矿区脉岩广泛分布,将其典型区域划分为玲珑地区、郭城地区和牟平-乳山地区三大地区,各区脉岩产状基本相似(主要为NE、NNE和NW向)。三大区域脉岩以镁铁质为主,但在郭城地区有少量长英质产出;其中镁铁质脉岩包括煌斑岩类、辉绿岩和辉长岩,长英质脉岩有闪长岩和二长岩等。胶东脉岩富碱、高钾,属于钾玄岩系列和高钾钙碱性岩系列。其中,三大区域中镁铁质脉岩化学性质基本相似,富集LREE和LILE、亏损HFSE,具有俯冲类型特征。在Sr-Nd同位素研究中,主要镁铁质脉岩(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.705 8~0.713 9,并具有较低的εNd(t)值(-23.92~-0.79),显示其源于富集幔源的特征。但是,玲珑地区少量镁铁质脉岩具有较高的εNd(t)值(0.11~5.46),显示亏损地幔端元。郭城地区长英质脉岩的(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.708 7~0.713 2,εNd(t)=-20.8~-6.1。镁铁质脉岩Pb同位素特征为(206 Pb/204 Pb)i=17.48~18.115,平均值为17.244;(207 Pb/204Pb)i=15.078~15.641,平均值为15.473;(208Pb/204Pb)i=34.93~38.436,平均值为37.635。郭城地区长英质脉岩Pb同位素特征为(206Pb/204Pb)i=16.971~17.344,平均值为17.151;(207 Pb/204 Pb)i=15.401~15.484,平均值为15.454;(208Pb/204Pb)i=37.319~37.946,平均值为37.624。镁铁质与长英质脉岩Pb同位素比值均显示与富集地幔(EMI)Pb同位素比值相近,揭示其源区具有共性。通过年代学研究可得,胶东脉岩主要形成时间在135~115Ma之间。结合年代学与Sr-Nd-Pb同位素约束可得,胶东金矿区大量早白垩世镁铁质脉岩源于太平洋板块俯冲作用形成的富集岩石圈地幔,在构造复杂区域脉岩源区受到相应的影响,如玲珑地区少量镁铁质脉岩源自亏损地幔,而郭城地区少量长英质脉岩源于壳幔混合源区或源区受地幔物质的混染。胶东脉岩与金矿联系最紧密的是早白垩世镁铁质脉岩,它们在空间上紧密共生,在时间上属于同一时代,为相同构造背景的产物,在源区上具有相似幔源特征,早白垩世镁铁质脉岩可能为金矿提供成矿物质来源。 相似文献
7.
镜铁山桦树沟铁铜矿区中酸性岩脉地球化学特征、锆石U Pb LA ICP MS年龄及其地质意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
桦树沟铜矿床是近20年来在北祁连山西段镜铁山矿田铁矿体之下发现的一种新类型铜矿床,其成矿构造环境与形成时代存在较大争议。本文通过对与铜矿床密切共生的闪长玢岩岩脉的主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素以及Sr、Nd、Pb同位素分析,发现闪长玢岩具有明显的板块俯冲岩浆作用特征,大离子不相容元素Rb、Ba、Th、U、K、Pb富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti亏损,轻重稀土分馏明显,岩石富含放射成因铅,n(206Pb)/n(204Pb)、n(207Pb)/n(204Pb)、n(208Pb)/n(204Pb)比值分别为17.72~18.96、15.497~15.566、37.218~38.674;n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)比值在0.7053~0.7084之间;n(143Nd)/n(144Nd)值为0.5121~0.5122,显示出EMⅡ特征。锆石的U-PbLA-ICP-MS定年结果显示闪长玢岩形成于早古生代早—中奥陶世加里东期。成岩时代为421±24Ma,与铜矿床的成矿年龄一致,且成岩过程中捕获了中元古代1536±370Ma古老地层基底的锆石。 相似文献
8.
华夏古板块与扬子古板块结合带内的广丰、玉山红色碎屑沉积盆地均有橄榄玄粗岩产出,SHRIMP锆石UPb年代学研究表明,橄榄玄粗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为93±1 Ma,属晚白垩世早期的产物。广丰盆地橄榄玄粗岩(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值为0.706 191~0.706 352,εNd(t)值为0.27~0.55,(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i值为18.045~18.080,(~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i值为15.503~15.543,(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i值为38.240~38.256;玉山盆地橄榄玄粗岩(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值为0.705 856~0.706 024,εNd(t)值为1.74~1.93,(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i值为17.956~18.063,(~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i值为15.456~15.498,(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i值为38.195~38.232。在(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i-(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i、(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_i-(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i和(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_i-(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i图解中,广丰、玉山盆地橄榄玄粗岩均位于亏损地幔(DMM)和EMⅡ型富集地幔之间,而且(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i和(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i呈正相关,(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_i和(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i呈负相关,指示其源区中可能均有DMM和EMⅡ型地幔的贡献;玉山盆地橄榄玄粗岩更偏向DMM端员,指示其DMM端员所占的比例更高。广丰、玉山盆地橄榄玄粗岩具有EMⅡ型地幔的贡献,说明华夏古板块与扬子古板块结合带的岩石圈地幔与华夏古板块的岩石圈地幔属相同类型,为华夏古板块俯冲于扬子古板块之下提供了新的证据。 相似文献
9.
西藏冈底斯厅宫铜矿侵入岩成因:LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学及Sr—Nd—Pb同位素证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西藏厅宫斑岩铜钼矿床是冈底斯成矿带上最早开发的斑岩铜矿之一,矿区大面积分布的黑云母花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩均为容矿岩体,因此详细开展这几套岩体的评价工作,对于今后的找矿勘探工作具有重要的指导意义。本文通过分析上述三类岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,全岩主微量、稀土元素,Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd、Pb同位素,结果显示三类岩体锆石结晶年龄分别为50.32 Ma、48.34 Ma、49.41 Ma,早于成矿事件,与成矿事件无关。三类岩体均属高钾钙碱性,弱过铝质I型花岗岩,稀土元素呈轻稀土富集的右倾V型模式图,重稀土分馏不明显,明显负δEu,δEu随Si O2含量的升高而降低,推测与岩浆结晶分异的程度有关,微量元素均明显亏损高场强元素Ba、Nb、Sr、Ti,富大离子亲石元素Th、U、K、Cs、Rb。Pb同位素结果表明初始n(206Pb)/n(204Pb)、n(207Pb)/n(204Pb)、n(208Pb)/n(204Pb)计算值较为分散,分别为18.414~18.5137、15.616~15.7039、38.6394~39.0029,放射成因Pb含量较高。初始n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)同位素较为均一,主要介于0.70320~0.70477之间。初始n(143Nd)/n(144Nd)同位素介于0.51260~0.51265之间,计算得出的εNd(t)为0.51~1.44,均大于0。上述分析结果表明,厅宫矿区大面积分布的容矿始新世岩体并非为成矿岩体,上述岩体具有同源复式侵入特征,岩浆起源与特提斯洋发生的板片前端的拖拽作用造成板片的回旋、断离有关,岩浆起源于新生下地壳/地幔,并在岩浆侵位过程中经历过AFC过程。 相似文献
10.
琼河坝矿集区花岗岩体的Sr-Nd,Pb同位素特征及地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
琼河坝地区在志留纪—泥盆纪频繁的岩浆活动与成矿关系密切。矿集区中花岗岩ΣREE含量23.16×10-6~110.24×10-6,平均值68.19×10-6,总体上稀土含量较低。(La/Yb)N=3.23~10.97平均值为5.74,显示轻、重稀土分馏不明显,且轻稀土元素较重稀土元素富集。蒙西、琼河坝、和尔赛三个花岗岩体Sr-Nd、Pb同位素值很近,表明琼河坝花岗岩具有相近的成因。(87Sr/86Sr)i值为0.704 01~0.704 42,平均值为0.704 19;(143 Nd/144 Nd)i值为0.512 300~0.512 478,平均值为0.512 415;(208Pb/204Pb)i值17.600~17.910,平均值为17.738,(207Pb/204Pb)i值为15.410~15.547,平均值为15.459,(206Pb/204Pb)i值为37.250~38.019平均值为37.534。表现出壳幔混染的特征。εSr(t)值为-0.3~7.8,εNd(t)值为2.9~7.2,为较小的正值,表现出洋壳的特征。花岗岩Al2O3,Sr,Y,Yb和δEu的特征与埃达克岩相近,可能为俯冲洋壳熔融的产物。因此该地区众多铜矿点的出现,应该与埃达克岩有关。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
13.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
18.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
19.
Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
20.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献