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1.
《矿物岩石》2015,(4)
小西弓金矿床是北山造山带南带重要的中型金矿床,矿体产出受韧性剪切带控制。热液成矿过程由早到晚分为石英-黄铁矿阶段、石英-多金属硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸岩阶段。石英-黄铁矿阶段石英中发育富液二相、富气二相和含CO2三相流体包裹体,均一温度范围为228℃~438℃,盐度为4.03%~17.50%NaCleqv,属中高温、中低盐度流体。石英-多金属硫化物阶段石英中发育富液二相、富气二相、含CO2三相和纯液相流体包裹体,均一温度范围为182℃~376℃,盐度为3.23%~12.21%NaCleqv。流体演化过程中发生了流体沸腾和混合作用,这可能是导致金沉淀富集的主要机制。流体沸腾温度区间约为268℃~347℃。成矿早阶段石英中流体包裹体的δ18 O和δD值分别为8.0‰~8.3‰和-84‰~-107‰。结合矿床地质特征和氢氧同位素研究认为,初始成矿流体来自变质热液,晚阶段有大气降水加入。 相似文献
2.
江苏仑山金矿床流体包裹体、稳定同位素和成矿年代学研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
仑山金矿床位于宁镇矿集区东端。成矿期分为沉积成矿期和热液成矿期,后者可进一步划分为热液Ⅰ阶段和热液Ⅱ阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,热液Ⅰ阶段石英中的气液两相流体包裹体均一温度多集中在330~366℃之间,盐度w(Na Cl_(eq))变化于4.96%~6.74%之间,热液Ⅰ阶段方解石中气液两相流体包裹体均一温度多集中在150~240℃之间,w(Na Cl_(eq))变化于0.71%~9.80%之间,成矿流体为中高温低盐度流体;热液Ⅱ阶段石英、方解石和萤石的流体包裹体均一温度变化于124~260℃,盐度w(Na Cl_(eq))变化于1%~8%之间,成矿流体为中温低盐度流体。氢、氧同位素研究表明,热液Ⅰ阶段成矿流体为岩浆流体,热液Ⅱ阶段成矿流体以大气降水占主导,但仍有少量岩浆流体。硫同位素研究表明,仑山金矿床沉积成矿期硫除来源于三叠系青龙群膏盐层外,有机质也参与了沉积成矿期中金矿的形成。热液Ⅰ阶段硫来源于沉积成岩阶段黄铁矿的活化迁移和富集,岩浆硫也提供了成矿物质。萤石Sm-Nd测年分析表明,仑山金矿床热液Ⅱ阶段成矿年龄为(93.7±3.1)Ma,推断主成矿阶段形成于晚白垩世。仑山金矿床的形成代表着长江中下游成矿带最晚期的成矿作用。 相似文献
3.
内蒙古白乃庙铜金矿床流体包裹体研究 总被引：7，自引：20，他引：7
内蒙古白乃庙铜金矿床位于华北板块北缘增生型造山带,石英脉型和蚀变岩型矿体受 EW 向韧-脆性剪切带控制。成矿过程分为三个阶段:早阶段石英-黄铁矿,乳白色石英和粗粒黄铁矿变形、破碎;中阶段多金属硫化物充填胶结早阶段变形、破碎的石英角砾和黄铁矿裂隙;晚阶段为石英-碳酸盐细脉,穿切早中阶段脉体和矿物组合。冷热台显微测温结果显示,早阶段石英中原生流体包裹体的均一温度为248℃～380℃,盐度为4.34%～6.59%,次生包裹体均一温度为180℃～260℃,盐度为3.23%～4.18%NaCl eqv;中阶段石英中原生包裹体的均一温度变化范围为215℃～241℃,盐度为2.90%～4.18%NaCl eqv,与早阶段次生流体包裹体一致;晚阶段石英细脉和方解石中的流体包裹体均一温度为137℃～181℃,盐度为0.50% ～2.00%NaCl eqv。激光拉曼测试结果表明,流体包裹体气相成分为 CO_2、CH_4和 N_2。成矿流体为低盐度、低密度、富 CO_2的流体,当这种流体到达剪切带时,由于压力骤然降低发生以 CO_2逸失为特征的沸腾作用,导致成矿流体过饱和,成矿物质快速沉淀下来形成矿床。白乃庙铜金矿床成矿流体及矿床地质特征与造山型矿床一致,确证了造山型铜矿的存在并提供了实例。 相似文献
4.
小于赞金矿床是产于新疆西天山也列莫顿盆地的浅成低温热液型金矿床,赋存于晚古生代大哈拉军山组火山岩中。矿石类型主要为蚀变岩型和石英脉型,主要发育硅化、黄铁绢英岩化、伊利石化、青磐岩化蚀变。流体成矿过程可分为3个阶段,分别为石英黄铁矿、石英玉髓黄铁矿和石英方解石黄铁矿阶段。小于赞金矿床流体包裹体类型单一,主要为水溶液包裹体,可分为纯液相水溶液包裹体(PL类)、富液相水溶液包裹体(L类)和富气相水溶液包裹体(V类)。石英黄铁矿阶段包裹体均一温度集中于130~190 ℃,盐度w(NaCleqv.)为0.2%~8.0%;石英玉髓黄铁矿阶段均一温度介于115~161 ℃,盐度w(NaCleqv.)为0.7%~3.4%;石英方解石黄铁矿阶段均一温度介于110~138 ℃,盐度w(NaCleqv.)为0.2%~3.4%。鉴于赋矿角砾凝灰岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(353.8±1.8) Ma,且被下石炭统阿恰勒河组不整合覆盖,故可将小于赞金矿床的成矿时代限定在(353.8±1.8) Ma至早石炭世维宪期。锆石εHf(t)变化范围为+4.1~+8.4,平均值+6.1,两阶段Hf模式年龄tDM2变化范围为822~1 095 Ma,指示该区岩浆演化过程中有少量地幔物质的加入。综合考量矿床地质特征、流体包裹体特征和成矿时代,认为小于赞矿床为早石炭世低硫型浅成低温热液型金矿。 相似文献
5.
塔吾尔别克金矿床是西天山吐拉苏断陷盆地中一个重要的金矿床。矿体主要赋存于早石炭世二长斑岩及大哈拉军组第五岩性段安山岩、蚀变凝灰岩中,受断裂构造控制,矿床围岩蚀变作用普遍而强烈。矿石金属矿物主要为黄铁矿、自然金、赤铁矿和黄铜矿等,非金属矿物主要为石英、斜长石、方解石等。成矿过程大致划分为3个成矿阶段:1石英-黄铁矿阶段;2石英-硫化物脉阶段;3石英-碳酸盐阶段。石英及方解石中流体包裹体类型简单,主要为气液两相水包裹体和纯液相水包裹体。包裹体测试均一温度为100~196℃,流体盐度为0.0%~7.3%(质量分数,NaCl_(eq)),流体密度为0.9~1.0 g/cm~3,计算出成矿压力为5.2~81.9 MPa,对应成矿深度为0.5~7.4 km。塔吾尔别克金矿床成矿流体包裹体显示低温度、低盐度和较低密度的流体特征,表明成矿压力小和深度较浅。结合矿床地质特征、流体包裹体特征及前人研究成果,初步认为该矿床为浅成低温热液型金矿床。 相似文献
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五凤金矿床是位于延边地区的浅成低温热液金矿床。矿脉的产出受不同方向断裂构造控制,主要分布于碱长花岗岩、角闪安山岩等侵入体及地层之中。研究表明,热液金矿化可分为石英--冰长石--方解石阶段,石英--方解石1阶段,石英--方解石2阶段及方解石阶段4个阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,研究区主成矿阶段石英中主要发育气液两相流体包裹体;其均一温度范围为129.8℃~236.5℃,峰值区间为190℃~220℃,盐度w(NaCl)为0.83%~1.98%。成矿流体为低温、低盐度的NaCl--H2O体系热液。氢氧同位素研究结果表明,五凤金矿床成矿流体为岩浆热液与大气降水的混合流体,矿床属浅成低温热液成因类型。 相似文献
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内蒙古赤峰山湾子金矿床位于赤峰—朝阳金成矿带东部,产于早白垩世义县组一段安山岩中。为了研究该矿床成矿年龄及成因特征,本文对该矿床流体包裹体岩相学,显微测温,氢、氧同位素和年代学研究表明:流体包裹体主要以纯液相包裹体为主,少量气-液两相包裹体。包裹体气体成分主要是H2O和CO2,反应了成矿流体为NaClH2O-CO2体系。均一温度变化范围为219～49℃,盐度为0.35%～3.23%NaCleqv,属于低温低盐度范畴。成矿压力为2.7～33.8 MPa,成矿深度为2.78 km左右,表明矿床具浅成特征。利用LA-ICP-MS方法锆石U-Pb测年,获得赋矿围岩安山岩的形成年龄为(123.59±1.0)Ma和(124.5±0.68)Ma,对成矿时代进行了限制,即成矿时代不早于早白垩世。综合矿床地质特征和成矿流体研究,认为山湾子金矿床属低硫化浅成低温热液型矿床。 相似文献
8.
四川木里梭罗沟金矿床流体包裹体研究及矿床成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川木里梭罗沟金矿床是产于甘孜-理塘金矿带南端的大型金矿床。矿体产于近东西向断裂控制的构造蚀变带内,矿石类型主要为蚀变蚀变玄武岩矿石、凝灰岩矿石。由深部至浅部,依次发育硅化、黄铁绢英岩化、碳酸盐化蚀变。流体成矿过程包括早、中、晚3个阶段,分别以石英-他形黄铁矿组合、石英-五角十二面体黄铁矿-毒砂组合和石英-碳酸盐±少量立方体黄铁矿组合为标志。矿石矿物主要沉淀于中阶段,五角十二面体黄铁矿和毒砂是主要的载金矿物。早阶段热液石英中发育CO_2-H_2O型包裹体(C型)和水溶液包裹体(W型),中、晚阶段只发育水溶液包裹体(W型)。早阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中于251～371℃,盐度w(NaCleq)为3.3%～13.7%;中阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中于187～294℃,盐度w(NaCleq)为1.6%～13.9%;晚阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中于144～224℃,盐度w(NaCleq)介于0.2%～10.6%之间。估算的早阶段流体捕获压力为102～343 MPa,推测最大成矿深度为10～11 km。上述流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体由早阶段中高温、富CO_2的变质热液演化至晚阶段的低温、贫CO_2的大气降水热液;流体温度降低、CO_2逃逸是控制成矿物质沉淀的主要因素。矿床地质及流体包裹体特征指示梭罗沟金矿床可能为断控造山型金矿床。 相似文献
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箭猪坡矿床是广西丹池成矿带南段五圩矿田中最大的Pb-Zn-Sb多金属矿床。矿床主要由早阶段特富大脉状闪锌矿-脆硫锑铅矿矿化和晚阶段脆硫锑铅矿-闪锌矿-碳酸盐-石英脉状矿化组成。本文分析了箭猪坡矿床两种不同矿化类型石英、闪锌矿中的流体包裹体特征、均一温度及盐度,探讨特富矿体形成的控制因素。两种矿化类型包裹体主要由含CO_2包裹体和水溶液包裹体组成。早阶段特富大脉状矿化流体包裹体均一温度为120~290℃,集中在220~290℃之间,盐度为3.6%~13.6%。晚阶段脉状矿化流体包裹体均一温度为150~350℃,集中在240~310℃之间,盐度为1.4%~12.0%。富CO_2成矿流体主要来自变质、有机质中低温热降解、有机质还原、岩浆出溶及夕卡岩化。箭猪坡矿化产于泥盆系破碎带中,晚于华南地区变质作用;矿床成矿温度(220~310℃)远大于有机物热降解释放大量CO_2的温度(约150℃);矿床深部发育Sn矿化,表明成矿流体具还原性,不太可能含有大量而区内非夕卡岩化岩浆热液矿床成矿热液只含有少量CO_2。因此,初步认为箭猪坡矿床富CO_2流体主要与深部夕卡岩化作用有关,成矿流体主要来源于岩浆热液。成矿流体含少量甲烷、沥青质等有机质,表明成矿过程有盆地卤水混入。早阶段特富矿体成矿流体在温度–盐度图上显示中高温中高盐度和低温低盐度流体混合特征,而晚阶段脉状矿化成矿流体温度–盐度分布较为分散,暗示晚阶段脉状矿化成矿过程主要经历了冷却降温,流体混合较弱。这表明成矿流体大规模混合是形成特富矿体的关键控制因素。依据富CO_2流体可能主要来源于深部夕卡岩化作用,初步推测五圩矿田深部有寻找夕卡岩型矿床良好前景。 相似文献
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新疆东准噶尔南明水金矿床位于卡拉麦里成矿带东段,矿体受NW—NWW向韧-脆性断裂控制,赋矿围岩为下石炭统姜巴斯套组的浅变质海相火山碎屑-沉积岩。以流体包裹体和氢、氧同位素为研究手段,查明了矿床成矿流体性质、来源及其演化特征与金成矿的关系。其热液成矿过程可划分早、中、晚3个阶段,石英中原生包裹体主要有CO2-H2O包裹体、水溶液包裹体和纯CO2包裹体3种类型。早阶段石英中以CO2-H2O包裹体和纯CO2包裹体为主,均一温度变化于257~339 ℃,盐度为04%~22%;中阶段石英中3种类型包裹体均发育,CO2-H2O包裹体和水溶液包裹体均一温度为196~361 ℃,盐度为04%~60%;晚阶段石英中仅见水溶液包裹体,均一温度相对较低,为174~252 ℃,盐度为14%~32%。由CO2-H2O包裹体计算的早、中阶段捕获压力分别为214~371 MPa、236~397 MPa,对应的成矿深度分别为81~140 km、89~150 km。成矿流体由早、中阶段的CO2-H2O-NaCl±CH4体系演化至晚阶段贫CO2的H2O-NaCl体系,成矿温度和流体密度呈逐渐降低趋势,盐度变化不大。流体包裹体和氢、氧同位素研究表明,主成矿阶段成矿流体主要来源于变质水,CO2-H2O-NaCl流体的不混溶是导致Au富集成矿的重要机制,南明水金矿属于中深成造山型金矿床。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献