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1.
昆仑山中段耸石山地区发育晚古生代花岗岩，由石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩等4类岩石组成。岩石低硅、低钾、贫碱、富钠，SiO2和K2O含量分别为56．42％-73．70％和1．70％-3．56％。Na2O＋K2O平均6．13％，Na2O平均3．49％，K2O／Na2O比值0．51-0．99；富铝，Al2O3平均为14.90％。总体属镁质、准铝质-弱过铝质钙性-钙碱性花岗岩。Ba、U、Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti等表现为较明显但并不强烈的相对亏损，Rb、Th、K、La、Nd、（Zr＋Hf＋Sm）、（Y＋Yb）等则相对富集。∑REE平均105μg／g；轻稀土富集，（La／Yb）N值平均13．91；Eu弱亏损或无亏损，6Eu值平均0．85。石英闪长岩在主要氧化物Harker图解中显著偏离演化线，且6Eu值最低；二长花岗岩6Eu值最高；岩石在C／MF—A／MF图解中落入不同区域；多种同分母的氧化物比值相关图中未一致显示线性相关，也未构成双曲线趋势；在La／Sm-La图解中4类花岗岩未构成分异演化趋势：花岗岩中发育岩浆混合成因镁铁质微粒包体等，说明花岗岩源岩和岩浆具多源性，岩浆形成过程中具岩浆混合作用。微量元素蛛网图特征，氧化物与微量元素构造环境判别图解以及区域构造格局等，表明花岗岩形成于岛弧环境。  相似文献   

2.
八宿吉利地区寒武纪变质花岗岩位于曲扎湖-提卡一带,主要由变质二长花岗岩和变质花岗闪长岩组成。这一新发现对于认识和恢复原特提斯构造历史演化具有重要意义。锆石CL图像显示变质花岗岩锆石为岩浆成因。锆石LA-ICP-MS测年得出片理化变质二长花岗岩年龄为503.7±4.7Ma、变质花岗闪长岩年龄为494.7±3.4Ma,表明该岩体形成时代属于寒武纪。通过岩石地球化学分析,变质二长花岗岩SiO2含量介于69.87%~79.89%之间;变质花岗闪长岩SiO2含量介于66.63%~70.15%之间。前者Al2O3含量变化于12.36%~14.82%,Na2O含量为2.54%~7.16%,K2O含量为0.15%~5.95%,K2O/Na2O=0.02~2.34;后者Al2O3含量变化于14.66%~15.41%,Na2O含量为3.60%~5.63%,K2O含量为0.77%~2.78%,K2O/Na2O=0.14~0.77,属于钙碱性-碱性过铝质花岗岩。在侵入岩构造环境Rb-(Y+Nb)判别图解、Rb-(Yb+Ta)判别图解中,样品均落入“火山弧花岗岩”区域中,表明其形成于大陆边缘火山弧环境。结合锆石测年结果及区域地质背景分析,认为吉利地区变质花岗岩形成于冈瓦纳大陆裂离卡穷微陆块阶段,同时表明原特提斯洋形成最早时限可追溯至寒武纪。  相似文献   

3.
四川乡城-稻城地区花岗岩地球化学特征及构造背景探讨   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
四川乡城-稻城地区发育4套花岗岩体：包括石英闪长玢岩、花岗细晶岩、二长花岗（细晶）岩和花岗闪长岩,形成时代为印支期到燕山晚期。花岗岩的地球化学研究表明：w（SiO2）=57．82％～81．66％,σ=0．06～2．45,w（K2O＋Na2O）=1．38％～7．76％,AR=1．26～2．93,属于亚碱性岩体;EREE含量较低,轻稀土相对富集,δEu=0．09～1．28,（La／Yb）N=1．88～11．96,总体表现为右倾型。各套花岗岩微量元素地球化学特征差异明显,相对富集大离子亲石元素,贫化高场强元素,Rb／Sr=0．04～6．18。根据花岗岩的R1-R2,Rb—Yb＋Ta,Ta—Yb构造判别图解和区域构造演化史研究,认为二长花岗岩形成于板内构造环境,花岗细晶岩、闪长玢岩和花岗闪长岩形成于岛弧构造环境,其形成与义敦岛弧带碰撞造山活动有关。  相似文献   

4.
湘东南瑶岗仙岩体岩石化学特征、成因与构造环境   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
湘东南燕山早期瑶岗仙岩体主要由黑云母二长花岗岩组成。岩石SiO2和K20平均含量分别为75．83％和4．78％,Na2O＋K2O平均8．02％,K2O／Na2O比值平均为1．53,Al2O3平均为12．98％。总体属弱过铝质钙碱性花岗岩类。εNd（t）值为-11．13～-9．13;t20M为1．70～1．86Ga,与湘桂内陆带花岗岩的背景值（1．8～2．4Ga）和区域基底的时代（1．7～2．7Ga）相吻合。上述特征表明,瑶岗仙岩体岩浆来源为中地壳结晶基底,属典型S型花岗岩。氧化物构造环境判别图解及区域构造演化背景反映瑶岗仙岩体形成于后造山构造环境。  相似文献   

5.
太平岩体位于黄山市,岩性以花岗闪长岩为主,岩体中发育数条近南北走向的二长花岗斑岩脉体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,太平甘棠镇附近的花岗闪长岩和二长花岗斑岩脉的加权平均年龄为146.8±1.2Ma和131.0±1.2Ma。花岗闪长岩的A/CNK值为1.3,CaO和Na2O含量高,稀土配分曲线呈右倾型,Eu无明显异常;相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti元素,属过铝质I型花岗岩。二长花岗斑岩脉具有高的SiO2、K2O+Na2O含量和K2O/Na2O值;Eu明显负异常,亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti,形成4个明显的凹槽,A/CNK值为154,属强过铝质A型花岗岩。结合前人研究成果,本文认为黄山复式岩体的岩性经历了从花岗闪长岩到二长花岗斑岩再到花岗岩的转变,在此过程中,岩石的地球化学特征、成岩压力等都是渐变的。通过综合分析,认为皖浙赣地区早侏罗世构造动力体制经历了由挤压向拉伸的转换,逐渐变小的岩浆成岩压力,暗示华南地区晚中生代岩石圈伸展减薄的机制更倾向于热侵蚀模式。  相似文献   

6.
东昆仑得尔龙地区花岗岩体侵位于二叠纪—三叠纪早期,岩石类型为黑云母花岗闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩、二云母二长花岗岩。早期次的黑云母花岗闪长岩中含有暗色的镁铁质矿物包体。SiO2含量为65．04％～73．47％,全碱含量为5．29％～8．52％,K2 O／Na2 O 平均值为0．70,Al2 O3平均为14．79％;亏损高场强元素 Ta, Nb;∑REE平均为142．9＆#215;106,轻稀土元素相对富集,（La／Yb）N 平均为17．15,δEu 平均为0．71,表现为弱亏损。研究表明得尔龙地区花岗岩属次铝过铝（高钾）钙碱性 S 型花岗岩,形成于后造山环境;岩浆源区的物质是多源的,主要为地壳物质的重熔,其次为幔源岩浆的底侵。  相似文献   

7.
宝音图花岗岩基位于华北地台北缘西段,针对其中牙马图岩体、罕乌拉岩体及布格道苏绍崩岩体等的岩石地球化学研究与年代学测定,结果表明岩体时代分别为261Ma±1.3 Ma,220.9 Ma±0.3 Ma和204.9 Ma±5.9 Ma,系晚二叠世—晚三叠世侵入岩体,其岩石类型主要为黑云母花岗闪长岩、斑状黑云母花岗岩和二云母花岗岩,其中晚二叠世花岗闪长岩Na2O/K2O平均值为2.06,A/CNK为0.96~1.15,平均值为1.03,里特曼指数(σ)平均值为1.9,总体属过铝质钙碱性岩;晚三叠世花岗岩Na2O/K2O平均值为0.82,A/CNK为0.92~1.16,平均值为1.03,里特曼指数(σ)为2.18,属过铝质钙碱性岩。岩石化学构造环境分析表明,晚二叠世—晚三叠世早期岩浆活动是俯冲造山过程中形成的具有岛弧性质的闪长岩类和花岗岩类,而晚三叠世晚期岩浆作用是与之有关的造山晚期陆缘花岗岩类。  相似文献   

8.
卧龙岗二长花岗斑岩位于可可西里中生代陆缘活动带西北部,侵位于卧龙岗锑矿区西侧的巴颜喀拉山群,出露面积约16 km2,呈近东西向展布。卧龙岗岩体在时空上与卧龙岗—黄羊岭锑汞成矿带存在密切的联系,岩体与锑矿的距离较近,且在岩体中见有锑矿化。卧龙岗岩体的岩性主要为中—粗粒的二长花岗斑岩和中—细粒的二长花岗斑岩,岩体主要呈灰白色,局部地区发生蚀变。主要矿物成分包括斜长石、钾长石、石英、黑云母和角闪石,岩石具有斑状结构,斑晶30%左右,石英28%左右。副矿物主要有磁铁矿、磷灰石、锆石。锆石呈柱状、粒状,无色透明,有时呈淡黄、淡褐色。主量元素分析结果表明:二长花岗斑岩的Si O2质量分数为64.29%~72.11%,平均值为71.13%,Al2O3质量分数为12.45%~15.55%,平均值14.23%,Ca O质量分数为1.67%~3.24%,平均值为2.54%,Na2O质量分数为2.97%~4.52%,平均值为3.58%,K2O质量分数为1.55%~4.58%,平均值为3.22%,且Na2OK2O。在Si2O-K2O图解中,卧龙岗二长花岗斑岩属于高钾钙碱性—钙碱性系列。样品的铝饱和指数A/CNK=0.902~1.168,A/NK=1.29~1.81,为准铝质—过铝质岩石;在TAS图解中,所有样品均落在花岗闪长岩和花岗岩区域,;在Na2O-K2O图解中,除了1个样品位于I型花岗岩区域内,其他的样品均落在A型花岗岩区域内。岩体的稀土元素分析结果表明,w(∑REE)=123.11×10-6~166.46×10-6,LREE/HREE为7.29~14.77,GdN/YbN值中等,为8.03~8.61,δEu分布于0.52~0.69之间,δCe在0.92~1.11,展示出轻稀土富集、分馏程度高、较弱的负Eu异常、Ce无异常的特征,稀土元素配分模式显示为呈右倾的曲线。在微量元素蛛网图上,具Zr、Sr、Ba、Rb等亲石元素含量较高,Ta、Hf、Sc等元素含量偏低之特征。在常量元素据R1-R2图解上,投点落于同碰撞期花岗岩区域及其附近。在微量元素方面,其标准化蛛网图与Pearce等的COLG型花岗岩曲线型式相近;在其Nb-Y图上,投点位于火山弧和同碰撞期花岗岩区(VAG+syn-COLG);而在Rb-Y+Nb图解上,投点落于火山弧花岗岩区、同碰撞期花岗岩区和板内花岗岩的交界处;在Ta-Yb和Rb-Yb+Ta图上,投点位于同碰撞期花岗岩区并靠近火山弧花岗岩区。  相似文献   

9.
辰山岩体位于湘中安化县,形成于晚三叠世,主要由黑云母花岗闪长岩和二云母二长花岗岩组成。岩石高硅、高钾、富碱,SiO2含量为69．63％～69．76％;K20含量为3．28％～3．71％;Na20＋K：0为5．87％～7、28％;A／CNK比值为0．9～61．31,KN／A比值为0．53～0．64,属高钾钙碱性系列过铝质花岗岩类。∑REE含量为157．73～176．84μg／g;6Eu值0．86～1．16;具Ba、Nb、sr和Ti负异常。结合区域岩石圈结构,上述特征表明花岗岩源岩应为中地壳结晶片岩、片麻岩。根据多种氧化物与微量元素构造环境判别图解,结合地质特征、构造演化背景等,认为辰山岩体形成于同造山阶段的相对松弛的后碰撞构造环境。  相似文献   

10.
得明顶地区花岗岩位于西藏冈底斯火山岩浆弧中段以东,主要岩石类型有:石英闪长岩、石英二长闪长岩、英云闪长岩、黑云花岗闪长岩、斑状黑云二长花岗岩,岩石具钙碱性特征,w(SiO2)在57.19%～71.78%之间,K2O/Na2O=0.39～0.98,相对富钠,A/CNK=0.80～1.02,Al2O3变化于13.64%～18.74%之间,为准铝质岩石,花岗岩体稀土元素总量ΣREE变化于94.69×10-6～227.28×10-6之间;轻稀土元素富集,负Eu异常由不明显到明显,富K,Rb,Ba,Th等大离子亲石元素和亏损Nb,Y,Yb等高场强元素为特征。岩石学和岩石地球化学研究表明,该时期的花岗岩有由中性向酸性演化的规律,为同源岩浆,具俯冲I型花岗岩的特点,形成于板块俯冲下的岛弧环境。冈底斯岩带中东段雪拉岩体花岗闪长岩锆石的SHRIMPU-Pb年龄为70.4Ma±2.2Ma,表明冈底斯岩浆弧带在白垩世从早到晚岩浆均在剧烈地活动,是新特提斯洋向北俯冲作用的产物。  相似文献   

11.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

12.
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提  相似文献   

13.
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.  相似文献   

14.
Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations.  相似文献   

15.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).  相似文献   

16.
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.  相似文献   

17.
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18.
《GeoJournal》1986,13(2):187
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19.
《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2.  相似文献   

20.
The Samchampi-Samteran alkaline igneous complex (SAC) is a near circular, plug-like body approximately 12 km2 area and is emplaced into the Precambrian gneissic terrain of the Karbi Anglong district of Assam. The host rocks, which are exposed in immediate vicinity of the intrusion, comprise granite gneiss, migmatite, granodiorite, amphibolite, pegmatite and quartz veins. The SAC is composed of a wide variety of lithologies identified as syenitic fenite, magnetite ± perovskite ± apatite rock, alkali pyroxenite, ijolite-melteigite, carbonatite, nepheline syenite with leucocratic and mesocratic variants, phonolite, volcanic tuff, phosphatic rock and chert breccia. The magnetite ± perovskite ± apatite rock was generated as a cumulus phase owing to the partitioning of Ti, Fe at a shallow level magma chamber (not evolved DI = O1). The highly alkaline hydrous fluid activity indicated by the presence of strongly alkalic minerals in carbonatites and associated alkaline rocks suggests that the composition of original melt was more alkalic than those now found and represent a silica undersaturated ultramafic rock of carbonated olivine-poor nephelinite which splits with falling temperature into two immiscible fractions—one ultimately crystallises as alkali pyroxenite/ijolite and the other as carbonatite. The spatial distribution of varied lithotypes of SAC and their genetic relationships suggests that the silicate and carbonate melts, produced through liquid immiscibility, during ascent generated into an array of lithotypes and also reaction with the country rocks by alkali emanations produced fenitic aureoles (nephelinisation process). Isotopic studies (δ18O and δ13C) on carbonatites of Samchampi have indicated that the δ13C of the source magma is related to contamination from recycled carbon.  相似文献   

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