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随着当前科学技术的不断创新发展,作为当前重要能源的煤矿资源,其在开采过程的所采用的开采技术受到越来越广泛的关注,而想着绿色开采的技术目标出发,能够开采出更多的煤矿资源,并促进其可持续发展。本文对煤矿绿色开采技术及其应用进行探讨,分析新形势下煤矿绿色开采中存在的一些问题,着重分析绿色开采技术的应用,为新形势下煤矿的绿色开采技术提供有用的参考,从而促进绿色开采技术的发展。 相似文献
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试开采研究是天然气水合物从理论研究走向商业化开采的必经之路。提出的注蒸汽开采是一种综合开采方法,是在降压开采的基础上,往孔内注入热蒸汽对水合物目标开采层进行激振往复式热激发。注蒸汽开采能够避免“自保护效应”,促进水合物进一步分解,理论上能够扩大开采范围、提高产气量。利用FLUENT数值模拟软件对蒸汽加热水合物层动态过程进行数值计算,通过模拟计算结果对比分析,在满足开采要求的前提下确定最佳的注蒸汽功率为20 kW,注热时长为38 h。在青海木里盆地天然气水合物试采项目中,注蒸汽开采进行了5.2 h开采试验,产气量为3.25 m3。 相似文献
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急倾斜煤柱开采后对巷道影响的数值模拟 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为提高煤炭的回收率和经济效益,针对长沟峪煤矿4槽煤柱,应用ANSYS有限元软件对-230～-310水平的煤柱开采前后进行数值模拟,得出:(1)煤柱开采以后,煤岩体总体下沉,但对-140水平巷道影响较小。(2)开采后,煤柱的中间部位是转折区,煤柱中部以上主应力减小,属于安全区域;煤柱中部以下主应力增大,随深度的增加,主应力增大;-320水平附近煤柱采后的主应力是采前的2倍多,是煤柱开采后主应力最大的地方,所以开采此区域为相对重点注意区域。(3)煤柱开采后-140水平的煤柱附近主应力增大,是没开采前的1.6倍,也是煤柱开采后主应力较大的地方,开采前要适当对-140水平煤柱附近进行加固。数值模拟得出结果和实际开采吻合较好,因此急倾斜煤柱开采后对巷道影响的数值模拟对开采有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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根据越界开采定义,提出矿山越界开采技术方法和技术路线。通过开展2012年度广东省矿山越界开采遥感调查,获取较为真实的矿山越界开采最新状况,且根据近三年广东省矿山越界开采遥感动态监测所获得的数据,得出矿山越界开采,呈日益严重的趋势。通过遥感调查与监测,指出广东省矿山越界开采存在的主要问题,并提出有益的建议和对策,希望遥感能够作为技术支撑更好地为矿政管理服务。 相似文献
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3海底水合物开采的数字模拟近几年来,数字模拟(numerical simulation)广泛应用于天然气水合物的研究,特别是水合物开采的数字模拟方法已成为水合物勘探和开采不可缺少的手段.海底天然气水合物是一种赋存于海底沉积层中的特殊能源矿产,其开采方法不同于一般固体矿产,开采技术也更加复杂和困难.因此,海底水合物的开发和开采是科技界面临的一种新挑战.海底水合物矿层无法直接接触、深海钻探测试费用昂贵以及最初开采尝试的成功机率不大,这些因素迫使科学家去寻找和研究一种合理的替代方法,用以进行开采前的先期评估,这就是近几年发展起来的数字模拟方法.数字模拟功能强大,方法灵活,与实地开采试验和实验室研究相比,成本也较低廉,因此,它在评估水合物开采的潜力和制定开采设计方面起着重要作用.该方法能够提供矿区和实验室勘测工作的设计,提供无法观测的物理化学参数,回答开采过程中各种参数的演变趋势等诸多疑难问题.更重要的是,它可以帮助鉴定和选择水合物开采的靶区和"富矿带".已经在加拿大冻土带Mallik地区天然气水合物的试验开采中证明了数字模拟的有效性和实用性. 相似文献
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带(水)压开采安全评价技术及其发展方向 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
随着煤矿开采深度的不断增加,将面临高承压水的严重威胁,带压开采已成为深部煤炭资源开发的主要开采方式,与此相适应,带压开采安全评价工作显得尤为重要.面对深部煤炭资源开采中带压开采评价技术的挑战,应该在完善双系数(突水系数和带压系数)评价体系的基础上,在带压安全开采可靠性分析、三维地质建模技术及其可视化、数据仓库及数据挖掘技术与突水规则的知识获取等方面,发展带压开采安全评价技术,以期实现在奥灰高承压水威胁下安全采煤的目标. 相似文献
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煤层开采顺序和开采方式对采动斜坡起着一定控制作用,影响着采动斜坡的稳定性。近年来,大量学者对采动斜坡的研究仅限于采动斜坡自身原型的变形破坏模式研究,考虑煤层开采顺序和方式对采动斜坡的控制作用不够深入。贵州省发耳煤矿是典型的在多层开采作用下发生变形的缓倾结构采动斜坡。本文以贵州六盘水发耳煤矿尖山营变形体为例,基于离散元数值模拟原理,采用颗粒流数值模拟方法,对比了不同开采方式下对采动斜坡的变形破坏影响。结果表明：在进行煤层开采时,一次开采和分布开采对斜坡变形有着较大影响,分布开采时煤柱发生破坏后会加剧斜坡变形,不利于斜坡稳定;在分布开采时,正向开采对于坡体的损伤更为严重,斜坡变形更加明显;煤层开采后,上覆岩体竖直位移略大于煤层开采厚度,斜坡合位移受水平位移影响较大,坡脚及坡肩位置的煤层开挖对斜坡的变形影响显著。 相似文献
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分析了国内外天然气水合物的研究现状及天然气水合物开采中的问题,在此基础上,介绍了俄罗斯提出的运用双井简大水平距定向对接智能井钻井技术,利用核废料产生的热量开采天然气水合物的具有专利技术的一种新方法,简述了其开采原理及开采过程,可为我国天然气水合物的开采研究提供参考借鉴。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献