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1.
通过矿石矿物微量元素,流体包裹体与稳定同位素研究表明蔡家营矿床是成矿物质与成矿流体多来源,而热源与矿区斑岩脉密切相关的中温热液矿床.铅、锌、银等成矿元素来自下元古界红旗营子群角闪岩相变质岩;硫来源于深部硫(火山与次火山热液来源)与地层硫的混合;成矿流体在成矿早阶段以岩浆水为主,到成矿晚阶段,大气降水含量逐渐增多.该矿床主成矿阶段流体包裹体均-温度平均212.5℃,流体盐度平均10.82wt%·NaCl,属于中温中低盐度矿床.成矿温度与盐度从成矿早阶段到晚阶段逐渐降低,且Ⅲ矿带(矿区东北部)成矿温度与流体盐度都高于V矿带(矿区西南部),反映成矿流体可能由矿区东北流向西南. 相似文献
2.
辽宁小佟家堡子金矿床成矿流体特征及来源讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小佟家堡子金矿床地处辽宁青城子矿田东南部,为一大型蚀变岩型矿床。矿床产于辽河群大石桥组三段白云石大理岩中,矿体呈层状、似层状产出。矿床由热液叠加改造作用形成,历经石英-黄铁矿、石英-碳酸盐两个阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,该矿床成矿流体属中低温、低盐Na Cl-H2O型体系热液。碳氢氧同位素地球化学的研究表明,石英-黄铁矿阶段成矿流体氧同位素δ18O组成在15.2‰~18.4‰,碳同位素δ13CV-PDB组成在-7.4‰~-13.2‰,氢同位素δD组成为-89.3‰~-92.2‰,反应该阶段成矿流体主要来自岩浆水并伴有少量的大气降水。石英-碳酸盐阶段成矿流体氧同位素δ18O组成在17‰~17.8‰,碳同位素δ13CV-PDB组成在-12.3‰~-13.5‰,氢同位素组成δD为-87.7‰~-90.4‰,表明该阶段成矿流体主要来自大气降水。 相似文献
3.
滇中前震旦系主要位于扬子地块西南缘,元谋-绿汁江断裂以东、普渡河-滇池断裂以西,岩浆活动强烈导致该区地壳结构复杂,具有"多层结构"的特点。据统计,赋存在昆阳群中的铅锌矿床(点)有近20处,其赋矿地层主要为:大龙口组(Pt_2d)、黑山头组(Pt_2hst)、鹅头厂组(Pt_2e)。本文优选大笑、热水塘硫铅同位素进行系统分析对比,总结指示成矿流体与指示物质来源。研究结果显示:赋存在前震旦纪铅矿矿床~(34)S值变化范围在6.33‰~14.99‰,成矿流体的总硫同位素值(δ~(34)SΣS)12.17‰。由此可见,赋存在前震旦纪地层中铅锌矿床硫化物主要为混合硫来源,硫同位素的来源具有多源性的特点。东川大笑铅锌矿:~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围为18.282~18.391,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围为15.491~15.515,208Pb/204Pb变化范围为38.287~38.326,主要分布于地幔、造山带演化线。热水塘铅锌矿:~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围17.702~18.512,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围15.626~15.72,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围37.504~38.528,主要分布在造山带演化线附近。μ、ω值的变化范围表明所分析样品铅同位素均属于异常铅,说明其成矿物质多来源。因此,铅同位素主要来自地幔、上地壳和造山带,暗示成矿物质来源具有多源型特点。 相似文献
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CMF模式的排他性依据和造山型银矿实例：东秦岭铁炉坪银矿同位素地球化学 总被引：32，自引：38，他引：32
河南熊耳山区的铁炉坪银矿定位于高级变质基底中的NE向断裂带中,是熊耳山脉状造山型金、银、铅锌矿床的重要组成部分。成矿作用包括了早、中、晚3个阶段,分别形成石英-黄铁矿,多金属硫化物和碳酸盐脉3类矿物组合。早阶段成 矿温度大约为373℃左右,成矿流体δD=-90‰,δ~(13)C_(co_2)=2.0‰,δ~(18)O=9‰,来源较深;晚阶段流体温度<203℃,δD=70‰,δ~(13)C_(co_2)=-1.3‰,δ~(18)O=-2‰,属于浅源大气降水热液;中阶段流体均一温度210～249℃,δD=-109‰,δ~(13)C_(co_2)=0.1‰,δ~(18)O=2‰,是深源与浅源流体的混合。对比讨论表明,熊耳山区的早前寒武纪变质基底、熊耳群火山岩和燕山期花岗岩类的三者之一或它们的混合物,均无法提供具有早阶段流体D-O-c同位素组成(高δ~(18)O和δ~(13)C,低δD)的成矿流体,表明早阶段流体来自栾川群和管道口群的碳酸盐-页岩-硅质岩建造的变质脱水作用。矿石硫同位素组成较低,铅同位素比值较高,同样不可能来自熊耳山的主要地质体,更不可能来自其下伏的地幔和下地壳,指示成矿物质和流体应主要来自栾川群和管道口群。尽管栾川群和管道口群地层的同位素地球化学研究尚待补充,铁炉坪银矿的同位素地球化学特征似乎只能借助碰撞造山成岩成矿与流体作用模式才能合理解释。即华南与华 相似文献
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相比单一稳定同位素而言,多元稳定同位素组合的使用,能更有效地示踪成矿作用过程中流体的来源和演化。本文对已证明有含膏盐地层参与成矿作用的湖北金山店铁矿开展了碳-氧-硫等多元稳定同位素的研究。方解石碳氧同位素结果表明,金山店岩体与灰岩或白云岩之间发生了广泛的水岩反应,这些水岩作用是金山店铁矿蚀变矿化过程的一部分。与各阶段矿物平衡的流体氧同位素值变化范围较小,且表现出随温度降低具有规律性变化的特征:早期矽卡岩阶段氧同位素值在岩浆水范围内变化,磁铁矿阶段则明显富集重氧同位素,而成矿后的各阶段特别是石膏-方解石阶段,成矿流体明显富集轻氧同位素。这些特征暗示成矿之前流体以岩浆水为主,成矿作用发生时有一定含膏盐地层参与成矿,而成矿后大气水特征明显,即成矿流体具有多元混合的特征。硬石膏氧-硫同位素组合暗示成矿流体中具有明显富δ~(34)S-δ~(18)O流体成分的加入,这一流体可能为淋滤了地层中膏盐组分的岩浆水或循环的大气水。成矿阶段和成矿后的黄铁矿均富集重硫同位素,也暗示成矿流体中含膏盐地层组分的加入。多元稳定同位素组合的联合证据表明,金山店铁矿成矿流体具有多元混合的特点,成矿阶段含膏盐地层参与成矿作用特征明显,暗示含膏盐地层中的膏盐组分可能是被岩浆水或循环的大气水或二者的混合流体所淋滤而进入矽卡岩成矿体系的。 相似文献
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古台山矿床是雪峰弧形构造带中段颇具代表性的石英脉型金锑矿床。矿床位于白马山复式岩体的外接触带,主要赋存于南华系长安组和板溪群五强溪组。本文对古台山矿床载金矿物毒砂流体包裹体氦、氩同位素和含矿石英流体包裹体铷、锶同位素进行了分析。He-Ar同位素分析显示,成矿流体的3He/4He为0.011~0.038 Ra,40Ar/36Ar值为414.4~732.6,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体,同时有部分大气降水的加入。Sr同位素分析显示,含矿石英流体包裹体87Rb/86Sr变化于0.013~0.956,87Sr/86Sr变化于0.72529~0.73245;利用前人获得的成矿年龄(223.6 Ma)进行了初始锶同位素组成的返算,获得其ISr-223.6变化于0.72360~0.73167,平均0.72744。通过与印支期白马山岩体、板溪群等相关地质体锶同位素组成对比,认为古台山矿床成矿流体不可能单独来源于岩浆,而是岩浆流体运移过程中与来自基底具有高锶同位素比值的碎屑岩水岩相互作用的结果。He-Ar同位素揭示矿区深部及周缘地区板溪群具有更好的资源潜力。 相似文献
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江苏仑山金矿床流体包裹体、稳定同位素和成矿年代学研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
仑山金矿床位于宁镇矿集区东端。成矿期分为沉积成矿期和热液成矿期,后者可进一步划分为热液Ⅰ阶段和热液Ⅱ阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,热液Ⅰ阶段石英中的气液两相流体包裹体均一温度多集中在330~366℃之间,盐度w(Na Cl_(eq))变化于4.96%~6.74%之间,热液Ⅰ阶段方解石中气液两相流体包裹体均一温度多集中在150~240℃之间,w(Na Cl_(eq))变化于0.71%~9.80%之间,成矿流体为中高温低盐度流体;热液Ⅱ阶段石英、方解石和萤石的流体包裹体均一温度变化于124~260℃,盐度w(Na Cl_(eq))变化于1%~8%之间,成矿流体为中温低盐度流体。氢、氧同位素研究表明,热液Ⅰ阶段成矿流体为岩浆流体,热液Ⅱ阶段成矿流体以大气降水占主导,但仍有少量岩浆流体。硫同位素研究表明,仑山金矿床沉积成矿期硫除来源于三叠系青龙群膏盐层外,有机质也参与了沉积成矿期中金矿的形成。热液Ⅰ阶段硫来源于沉积成岩阶段黄铁矿的活化迁移和富集,岩浆硫也提供了成矿物质。萤石Sm-Nd测年分析表明,仑山金矿床热液Ⅱ阶段成矿年龄为(93.7±3.1)Ma,推断主成矿阶段形成于晚白垩世。仑山金矿床的形成代表着长江中下游成矿带最晚期的成矿作用。 相似文献
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《福建地质》2017,(4)
通过流体包裹体、H-O同位素、S同位素和Rb-Sr同位素研究,分析政和马仑头金矿床形成物理化学条件和成因。流体包裹体研究显示,流体演化成矿经历了187~244℃和149~168℃两个主要阶段。其中与成矿密切相关的温度峰值是187~244℃对应第二阶段硫化物阶段。H-O同位素显示,矿床成矿流体在演化过程中,随着成矿作用的进行,有越来越多的大气降水加入。矿石S同位素研究显示,硫可能来自深源岩浆,成矿物质与区内早白垩世的火山活动有关。Rb-Sr同位素研究结果,矿床成矿年龄为(101±1)Ma,其形成与区内火山活动密切相关。综合研究成果,初步判断马仑头矿床为火山-次火山热液型金矿床。 相似文献
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胶东石城金矿床成矿流体特征及成矿作用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
石城金矿位于胶东牟平-乳山成矿带南端,为多金属硫化物型金矿床。其成矿流体阶段可分为3个,相应的流体包裹体特征为:(1)成矿早期(第1阶段)富CO2包裹体;(2)主成矿期(第2阶段)H2O包裹体和含CO2包裹体;(3)成矿后期(第3阶段)H2O包裹体。第1阶段均一温度为256～360℃,盐度3.71%～6.88%NaCl,第2阶段均一温度为168～270℃,盐度4.49%～10.24%NaCl,第3阶段均一温度为123～178℃,盐度0.35%～7.59%NaCl。其中主成矿期为中低温、低盐度的CO2-H2O-NaCl流体体系。H、O同位素表明石城金矿成矿流体为岩浆水与大气水形成的混合热液,C、O同位素则反映了地幔富CO2流体参与了成矿作用,而S同位素进一步揭示了金矿的成矿物质来源为壳幔相互作用的结果。石城金矿的出现表明研究区至少存在两期成矿事件,早期成矿时代约120Ma,主要为石英+黄铁矿型矿石,晚期成矿时代小于111Ma,主要为多金属硫化物型矿石,以石城金矿为代表。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献