共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
全球气候变化下青藏公路沿线冻土变化响应模型的研究 总被引：16，自引：17，他引：16
利用英国Hadley气候预测与研究中心GCM模型HADCM2预测的气温变化背景，分别提取青藏公路沿线地区在2009年，2049年和2099年的气温参数，考虑年平均气温和年平均地温的关系及年平均地温与海拔，纬度的关系模型，多年冻土下界分布模型和地温带分带，建立青藏公路沿线多年冻土下界分布的响应模型和多年冻土地温带的响应模型，研究结果表明，2009年青藏公路沿线的冻土变化较小，多年冻土极稳定带,稳定带和基本稳定带仅发生微弱的变化，基本稳定过渡带和不稳定带变化较大，多年冻土,逐渐退化，2049年青藏公路沿线多年冻土各地温带变化较大，但仍以基本稳定过渡带和不稳定带变化最大，多年冻土发生较大范围的退化；2099年后青藏公路沿线冻土发生了很大的变化，多年冻土发生大面积的退化，融区面积逐渐增大，多年冻土地温带也发生了较大的变化，其中多年冻土上带仅保留了稳定带，极稳定带全部消失，稳定带和基本稳定带全部转化为不稳定带。 相似文献
2.
基于年平均地温的青藏高原冻土分布制图及应用 总被引：42，自引：22，他引：20
年平均地温是指多年冻土年较差为零的深度处的地温,是冻土分带划分的主要指标之一.利用青藏公路沿线钻孔实测年平均地温数据,进行回归统计分析,获取年平均地温与纬度、高程的关系,并基于该结果,结合TOPO30高程数据模拟得到整个青藏高原范围上的年平均地温分布.以年平均地温0.5℃作为多年冻土与季节冻土的界限,对比分析模拟图与青藏高原冻土图,除个别区域有较明显的差异,模拟结果图较好地体现了青藏高原冻土的分布情况.利用模拟结果,根据青藏高原多年冻土分带指标及寒区工程多年冻土区划指标,对青藏高原多年冻土分布进行了分带划分,并统计各分带面积;根据简化的冻土厚度计算公式,计算了青藏高原多年冻土的厚度分布.最后,利用数值预测方法的结果,在气候年增温0.04℃的背景下,对高原未来冻土分布进行了预测. 相似文献
3.
4.
青藏铁路多年冻土区工程复杂性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
青藏铁路穿越550km多年冻土区,多年冻土地温、冻土类型以及沿线生态环境等存在较大的差异,使多年冻土区工程较为复杂。因此本文提出了冻土工程复杂性概念,建立冻土工程复杂性评价模型,并利用GIS平台对青藏铁路沿线唐古拉山越岭地段工程复杂性进行了分析和研究。研究结果表明,青藏铁路穿越的唐古拉山越岭地段工程复杂性相对较小,而青藏公路的工程复杂性相对较大。这表明了青藏公路沿线冻土工程比青藏铁路沿线更为复杂,在各种因素的影响下,青藏公路路基稳定性变化比青藏铁路更加复杂。 相似文献
5.
工程活动下多年冻土热稳定性评价模型 总被引：11，自引：7，他引：11
提出了用季节融化层底板到潜在季节冻结深度区间沉积物融化所需要的热量与季节冻结层底板温度升高至0 ℃所需要的热量之和(Qt), 与夏半年土体吸收的热量(Q+)的比值来描述冻土热稳定性(ST=Qt/ Q+). 根据青藏公路沿线地温温度场的监测资料,对多年冻土热稳定性模型进行了计算,并分析了多年冻土热稳定性与年平均地温、多年冻土顶板温度和季节融化深度间的关系. 根据人类工程活动对多年冻土影响,将多年冻土热稳定性分为4类:热稳定型、热稳定过渡型、热不稳定型和热极不稳定型多年冻土. 相似文献
6.
7.
融化夹层厚度影响因素分析与片块石路基降温效果研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
青藏公路沿线存在大量融化夹层,常年不冻的融化夹层会使路基出现沉陷、波浪等病害,严重威胁道路的安全运营. 通过对昆仑山垭口南至五道梁的地质勘探资料和地温观测数据进行分析,研究了融化夹层厚度与年平均地温、路基高度的关系,发现融化夹层厚度随年平均地温的升高而增大,随路基高度的升高呈先减小后增大的趋势. 根据以上研究,提出片块石路基对融化夹层进行处治,保护路基下伏多年冻土,并通过五道梁段片块石路基试验工程进行验证. 通过对地温观测数据分析,发现片块石路基能很好的消除融化夹层,在同一深度处片块石路基地温明显低于普通路基,很好的保护了下伏多年冻土. 相似文献
8.
基于综合调查的西昆仑山典型区多年冻土分布研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
西昆仑山位于青藏高原西北部,地势起伏大,气候干旱严寒.为了解其多年冻土分布状况,以219国道大红柳滩到奇台达坂之间的沿线区域作为西昆仑山典型区,以野外冻土钻探、坑探、物探为主要调查手段,综合分析该区域多年冻土分布的下界.对现场调查数据的初步分析表明,该区域多年冻土阳坡下界在海拔4 800m,阴坡下界在海拔4 650m,东西坡下界在海拔4 700m.依据上述冻土下界的分布规律,以数字高程模型为基础,通过ArcGIS软件建立了西昆仑山典型区的多年冻土分布模型,实现了对研究区域多年冻土分布的模拟.对该区域的研究结果表明:典型区内多年冻土的分布面积为3 136.3km2,占区域总面积的89.4%.结果与青藏高原冻土图在该区域的截图相比,多年冻土的面积略有增加.对比分析模拟图和截图后发现,基于实际调查的多年冻土模拟分布图更准确的描述了河谷的融区,而截图的多年冻土分布界限较为粗糙,缩小了喀喇喀什河支沟融区,人为放大了219国道大红柳滩到奇台达坂之间的宽谷融区. 相似文献
9.
在多年冻土区,道路工程会对周边的多年冻土产生热影响,但不同地表条件下的多年冻土对道路热影响的反馈差异尚不完全清楚。本研究基于青藏公路沿线两处监测场地的多年冻土监测数据,研究了不同地表条件下青藏公路对多年冻土的热影响差异。结果表明,青藏公路对多年冻土的热影响因地表条件的不同而存在差异。与植被覆盖率较高的监测场地相比,在植被覆盖率较低的监测场地,其多年冻土年平均地温更高、多年冻土活动层厚度更大,且青藏公路对多年冻土的水平热影响范围也相对更大。此外,在植被覆盖率较低的监测场地最靠近坡脚的位置处,由于地表条件的不同,其浅层土壤更易受到外界扰动,导致该位置浅层土壤与外界的热交换特征迥异于其他监测位置,这可能也是导致两处监测场地多年冻土的热状态存在差异的原因。目前,青藏工程走廊内各线性工程密布,工程间的相互影响及其与多年冻土间的关系已成为必须考虑的问题。本研究工作对于青藏高原多年冻土区工程走廊内线性工程之间的合理间距设定,以及即将建设的青藏高速公路双向路基间的合理距离设计都可提供参考,以达到减少工程热扰动,保障工程安全运营的目的。 相似文献
10.
文中从青藏高原的多年冻土出发,对高原多年冻土的分布及变化规律进行了概括论述。多年冻土的下界高度随纬度增高而降低的规律十分明显,平均每增高纬度1°,冻土下界降低80～100m,年平均地温增加0.9℃～1℃。多年冻土的厚度随海拔增高而增厚的垂直分带规律也很强,大约海拔每升高100m,冻土厚度增加15～20m,最大揭露多年冻土厚度为128.09m。同时对多年冻土区的冻害类型进行划分,对其比较常见和典型的主要灾害特征进行归类;并提出防治措施和建议。 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
15.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献