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1.
阿尔金南缘清水泉地区与基性-超基性岩伴生的花岗岩为斜长花岗岩。岩石地球化学显示该花岗岩高硅、富铝和钠,低镁和钾;轻稀土富集,具有Eu的正异常(δEu为1.01~2.01)。岩石富Rb、Ba,特别高Sr(779×10-6~864×10-6),低Y(1.17×10-6~1.51×10-6)及Yb(0.15×10-6~0.20×10-6),强烈亏损Nb、Ta等。斜长花岗岩锆石振荡环带清晰,Th/U和Nb/Ta比值分别为0.38~0.52,2.92~5.04;具有明显的Ce正异常和Eu负异常,为典型的岩浆锆石,利用LA-ICP-MS微区原位定年获得该花岗岩206Pb/238U-207Pb/235U谐和年龄为465Ma,206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为451±4Ma。锆石饱和温度计和锆石Ti温度计演算结果显示锆石的结晶温度分别为783~811℃和693~821℃。推测花岗岩源区压力范围为1.8~2.0GPa,形成深度在60km以上。综合分析清水泉花岗岩主、微量元素地球化学特征,并结合区域地质,认为该花岗岩属"I"型花岗岩,由地幔基性岩浆上侵分异形成,产于伸展环境。 相似文献
2.
塔里木盆地西北缘早二叠世后碰撞花岗质岩浆活动及其构造意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
塔里木地块西北缘的阔什布拉克钾长花岗岩富碱(Na_2O+K_2O平均8.36%8%),富钾(K_2O/Na_2O=1.27～1.47),准铝质(A/CNK=0.82～0.88),属于高钾钙碱性系列岩浆岩。岩石的稀土含量较高(∑REE=263.90×10~(-6)～445.75×10~(-6)),富集Th、U、Ta、Nb、Hf和Y等高场强元素和大离子亲石元素Rb,具有强的负Eu异常(δEu=0.003～0.019),富集高不相容元素(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y=368×10~(-6)～531×10~(-6)350×10~(-6)),高Ga(Ga/Al×10 000=4.17～4.722.6),显示出A型花岗岩的地球化学特征。岩石Th/U比值(平均为3.86)、Nb/Ta比值(平均为12.75)和Rb-Th富集、Ti亏损指示其壳源成因。对花岗岩进行的LA-ICP-MS微区原位锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,花岗岩的结晶侵位年龄为275.4±2.8 Ma。综合西南天山与塔里木盆地早二叠世花岗质岩浆活动的特点,认为早二叠世西南天山的后碰撞岩浆活动不仅在西南天山内部引起了强烈的花岗质岩浆活动,而且对塔里木地块西北边缘的花岗质岩浆活动也有显著的影响。阔什布拉克A型花岗岩也说明西南天山地区的碰撞造山作用在275.4±2.8 Ma之前已经趋于结束,以南天山洋盆为代表的古亚洲洋已基本结束了其演化历史。 相似文献
3.
松嫩地块西缘前寒武岩浆事件——来自龙江地区古元古代花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学证据 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
松嫩地块位于中亚造山带东段,该陆块是否具有前寒武纪结晶基底以及基底的规模和性质一直存在争议。我们在龙江地区识别出~1.8Ga的岩石,揭示了松嫩地块西缘古元古代结晶基底的存在。本文对其进行了岩石地球化学、锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究,为探讨松嫩地块西缘古元古代晚期构造演化提供了重要信息。研究结果表明,马山二长花岗岩中的锆石大多具有清晰的振荡生长环带,结合较高的Th/U比值(1.30~2.64),表明其为岩浆成因,岩浆锆石的~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb加权平均年龄为1808±14Ma,形成于古元古代晚期;马山二长花岗岩具有富硅(Si O_2=69.50%~75.11%)、碱(K_2O+Na_2O=5.30%~8.69%)和铁(Fe O~T=2.86%~4.53%),贫钙(Ca O=0.46%~1.87%)、镁(MgO=0.25%~0.93%)的特征。稀土总量较高(∑REE=357.2×10~(-6)~587.1×10~(-6)),具强轻稀土分异((La/Yb)_N为12.2~17.6)和负Eu异常(δEu为0.27~0.77)的"燕式"稀土分配模式。大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba等富集,亏损HFSEs(Nb、Ta、Ti)和P、Sr等元素。结合岩石的Zr+Nb+Ce+Y(772.1×10~(-6)~911.1×10~(-6))和10000×Ga/Al比值(2.41~3.17)较高,全岩锆石饱和温度为891~940℃,暗示其为A型花岗岩,具造山后A_2型花岗岩的特征。马山二长花岗岩锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值介于-9.2~-2.8之间,t_(DM2)=2992~3520Ma,与华北板块北缘~1.8Ga岩浆岩具有相似的锆石Hf模式年龄。上述结果表明,马山A型花岗岩起源于幔源岩浆底侵作用引起的中-新太古代地壳岩石的部分熔融,证明陆壳已转入伸展拉张构造环境,是Columbia超级大陆裂解事件在松嫩地块西缘的响应。综合资料发现,松嫩地块已经发现的新太古代-中元古代的岩浆事件在华北克拉通都有同期的构造地质事件响应,初步认为松嫩地块与华北克拉通具有一定的亲缘性。 相似文献
4.
安徽金寨岩体为一钾长花岗岩体,位于大别造山带北淮阳构造带,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年获得岩体侵位年龄为129.7±1.5Ma,属早白垩世岩浆活动产物。岩体周边发现有数个铅锌多金属矿点,与区域岩浆作用及其矿化一致。岩体富硅(SiO_2=72.47%~77.80%)、富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=7.48%~8.16%)、贫钙(CaO=0.15%~1.47%);稀土配分曲线呈现"海鸥式"分布特征,显示强烈的Eu负异常(δEu=0.18~0.40);微量元素特征显示具有较高的Ga(21.68×10~(-6)~24.12×10~(-6))、Zr(127.68×10~(-6)~196.75×10~(-6))、Nb(33.31×10~(-6)~60.53×10~(-6))和Y(14.57×10~(-6)~27.51×10~(-6))含量,较低的Sr(8.15×10~(-6)~138.52×10~(-6))、Ba(23.04×10~(-6)~332.63×10~(-6))含量,在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上显示明显的Ba、Sr、P、和Ti的负异常。以上特征表明金寨钾长花岗岩为A型花岗岩,可能是下地壳源岩部分熔融的产物。金寨钾长花岗岩是形成于造山后伸展环境下的板内A1型花岗岩,不是形成于非造山大地构造背景下的碱性花岗岩。 相似文献
5.
江西彭山锡多金属矿集区隐伏花岗岩体的岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素组成 总被引：8，自引：7，他引：1
本文对江西彭山锡多金属矿集区隐伏花岗岩体进行了详细的锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素组成和岩石地球化学研究。SHRIMP和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明,该岩体年龄为128~129Ma,属燕山晚期岩浆活动的产物。详细的地球化学分析显示,彭山隐伏花岗岩体具有高硅(SiO2=75.42%~76.46%)、富碱(Na2O+K2O=7.93%~8.35%,K2O/Na2O=1.32~1.61)的特征,极度贫Mg(普遍MgO=0~0.07%),贫Ca(CaO=0.37%~0.69%),弱过铝质(A/CNK=1.04~1.11),富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素及Hf、Nb等高场强元素,强烈亏损Sr、Ba、Eu、P、Ti。稀土总量偏低(∑REE=41.18×10-6~85.06×10-6),强烈的Eu负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.05~0.11)。104×Ga/Al比值变化于2.75~4.04,平均值为3.19。这些特征均不同于典型的A型和S型花岗岩。岩石学和地球化学特征指示该岩体可能是一个高分异的I型花岗岩。该花岗岩中锆石εHf(t)值偏高,主要集中在-0.6~-4.5,显示在成岩过程中有地幔组分的参与,属壳幔混源花岗岩,推测该岩体的形成可能与燕山晚期华南岩石圈伸展拉张环境有关。 相似文献
6.
对秦祁结合部位宝鸡地区香泉正长花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石地球化学研究。结果显示,锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)Pb年龄加权平均值为410±5Ma(MSWD=0.20,n=18),限定该岩体的形成时代为早泥盆世。香泉正长花岗岩具有高硅(SiO_2=69.63%~73.94%)、富钾(K_2O=4.24%~4.88%,K_2O/Na_2O=1.23~1.44)、富铁(TFe_2O_3=2.10%~3.70%,TFe_2O_3/MgO=3.88~6.84)、低镁(MgO=0.31%~0.94%)、低磷(P_2O_5=0.08%~0.21%)的特征,属准铝质、高钾钙碱性系列。香泉正长花岗岩稀土元素含量较高(318×10~(-6)~499×10~(-6)),表现出明显的负Eu异常(δ Eu=0.37~0.46),富集Rb、Th、Zr、Sm、Ga(10000×Ga/Al=2.59~2.93)等微量元素,贫Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr,整体表现出A型花岗岩特征。结合区域资料认为,香泉正长花岗岩形成于造山后环境,为低压环境下长英质地壳物质部分熔融成因。 相似文献
7.
内蒙古西乌旗阿鲁包格山A型花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
内蒙古西乌旗阿鲁包格山花岗岩位于华北板块北缘中段,岩性以斑状二长花岗岩为主。本次1/5万区域地质调查工作研究发现其具有如下地球化学特征:高硅(SiO2为71.29%~72.12%)、富碱(Na2O+K2O为8.70%~8.98%)、高钾(K2O为4.93%~5.27%)、富轻稀土元素而亏损重稀土元素(LREE/HREE为7.69~12.18)、明显的负铕异常(δEu为0.08~0.14)、较高的Ga/Al比值(2.96×10-4~4.00×10-4)和Zr+Nb+Ce+Y值(548×10-6~739×10-6)、富集Rb、Th、K、La、Nd、Hf、Zr和Pb以及亏损Ba、Ta、P和Ti等特征,类似于A型花岗岩。在判别图解上,所有样品均显示了A2型(后造山)花岗岩特征,其形成可能与后造山伸展构造有关。锆石U-Pb年龄为132.19±0.77 Ma(MSWD=4.6),其形成时代为早白垩世。结合区内分布有大量晚中生代中基性-中酸性火山岩断陷盆地,表明早白垩世测区已进入后造山伸展构造环境。 相似文献
8.
桃村坝花岗岩体位于粤北贵东复式花岗岩体中部。锆石U-Pb年龄为161.5±1.8 Ma (MSWD=1.7),属于燕山早期岩浆
活动产物。该岩体具有稍低的硅、富铝、富碱、钾大于钠、贫钙镁和高FeO*/MgO等特征。富集Rb,Th,U而亏损Ba,
Sr,Ti和Nb;LREE富集(LREE/HREE=7.39~16.4, (La/Yb)N=8.79~25.5),Eu亏损较为明显(δEu=0.44~0.59);Ga/Al比值较高(平
均值为2.99),Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量(平均为518×10-6)大于350×10-6,可归属于A2型花岗岩;εNd(t)值低,为-9.7~-8.95,Nd模式
年龄为1.66~1.76 Ga;锆石的εHf(t)值为-20.0~-14.6,相应的Hf模式年龄为2.12~2.46 Ga。综合以上特征表明桃村坝花岗岩是
在地壳伸展-减薄的构造背景下、由古元古代地壳组分部分熔融的方式形成。 相似文献
9.
塔里木克拉通北部沙雅隆起古元古代A型花岗岩的发现及其构造意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文对塔里木克拉通北部沙雅隆起桥古2井(QG2)基底碱长花岗岩进行了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和元素地球化学分析。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示其形成时代为1847±19Ma,为古元古代晚期。岩石SiO_2=66.32%~76.39%,Na_2O+K_2O=7.13%~8.93%,Al2O3=11.21%~13.46%,FeO~T/Mg O=12.1~19.2,TiO_2=0.29%~0.57%,A/CNK=0.89~0.99,为高硅、富碱、富铁、低钙镁、贫钛的准铝质花岗岩。稀土元素总量相对较低(∑REE=64.4×10~(-6)~212.7×10~(-6)),轻稀土元素富集,(La/Yb)_N=10.2~13.8,轻重稀土元素分馏较明显,δEu值为0.67~1.03,富集Rb、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和Zr、Hf等高场强元素,亏损Sr、P、Ti、Ta、Nb等元素。锆石饱和温度介于856~959℃之间,Ga/Al比值高,显示A型花岗岩特征。岩石具有低Y、Yb、∑HREE、(La/Yb)N和Mg~#值及较高的Nb/Ta、Zr/Sm比值,推测岩浆源区为含有石榴石、斜长石、金红石、辉石等的麻粒岩相,岩浆的形成可能与加厚地壳的部分熔融有关。QG2井A型花岗岩可能代表了塔里木克拉通北部古元古代晚期(约1850Ma)造山期地壳增厚事件的结束,指示了区域构造环境从挤压体制开始转为造山后陆内伸展体制。 相似文献
10.
南秦岭随州地区正长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学与地球化学特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
随州北部正长花岗岩体呈岩脉出露,年代学研究表明,正长花岗岩中岩浆锆石SHRIMP U-Pb加权平均年龄为648.8±1.9Ma(MSWD=0.86),属新元古代。岩石地球化学成分显示其属于高钾钙碱性、准铝质系列花岗岩。岩体高硅(SiO_2=70.67%～75.75%)、富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=7.28%～8.53%)、铁镁比(FeO~T/MgO=26.37～35.50)较高、钙镁含量较低(CaO=0.60%～1.53%,MgO=0.07%～0.12%);稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾斜型,显示Eu负异常(δEu=0.33～0.56);1000Ga/Al值介于2.60～3.41,Zr+Nb+Ce+Y=552.48×10~(-6)～648.87×10~(-6);微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示,Rb、K和Th等大离子亲石元素明显富集,相对富集Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta等高场强元素,相对亏损Sr、P和Ti,以上特征表明随州北部正长花岗岩为A1型花岗岩。结合区域构造演化,认为随州北部正长花岗岩形成于板内伸展的构造环境,新元古代晚期,秦岭-桐柏-大别地区构造体制经历了重要的转变,在南秦岭东段由古秦岭洋的俯冲导致的挤压作用转换为弧后拉伸减薄作用。在伸展体制下,岩浆上涌形成本区A1型正长花岗岩。 相似文献
11.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
12.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
13.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
14.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
15.
混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。 相似文献
16.
黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
自1954年有水文观测资料以来，黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出，鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低，当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流，这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水，提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力，今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。 相似文献
17.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
18.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献
19.
利用天山南坡科其喀尔冰川3号观测站2009年全年的气象观测资料,分析研究了科其喀尔冰川表碛区的小气候特征. 结果表明：总辐射和净辐射夏秋季较高、冬春季较低;反射辐射和地表反照率反之. 与其他地区不同,该区主要受积雪物理性质和下垫面状况的影响,冬春季地表反照率日变化表现为由大到小的变化过程,夏秋季表现为倒U型. 温度年变化表现为夏秋季高、冬春季低,最高月均值出现在8月,为9.4℃,最低月均值出现在1月,为-9.6℃. 受山谷风和冰川风的影响,全年的风向以西北风和西北偏西风为主,风向的日变化以11：00为界发生转向. 受降水和冰川消融等的影响,比湿夏秋季月均值较大,冬春季月均值较小. 相似文献
20.
Climate: Is the past the key to the future? 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The climate of the Holocene is not well suited to be the baseline for the climate of the planet. It is an interglacial, a
state typical of only 10% of the past few million years. It is a time of relative sea-level stability after a rapid 130-m
rise from the lowstand during the last glacial maximum. Physical geologic processes are operating at unusual rates and much
of the geochemical system is not in a steady state. During most of the Phanerozoic there have been no continental ice sheets
on the earth, and the planet’s meridional temperature gradient has been much less than it is presently. Major factors influencing
climate are insolation, greenhouse gases, paleogeography, and vegetation; the first two are discussed in this paper. Changes
in the earth’s orbital parameters affect the amount of radiation received from the sun at different latitudes over the course
of the year. During the last climate cycle, the waxing and waning of the northern hemisphere continental ice sheets closely
followed the changes in summer insolation at the latitude of the northern hemisphere polar circle. The overall intensity of
insolation in the northern hemisphere is governed by the precession of the earth’s axis of rotation, and the precession and
ellipticity of the earth’s orbit. At the polar circle a meridional minimum of summer insolation becomes alternately more and
less pronounced as the obliquity of the earth’s axis of rotation changes. Feedback processes amplify the insolation signal.
Greenhouse gases (H2O, CO2, CH4, CFCs) modulate the insolation-driven climate. The atmospheric content of CO2 during the last glacial maximum was approximately 30% less than during the present interglacial. A variety of possible causes
for this change have been postulated. The present burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and cement manufacture since the
beginning of the industrial revolution have added CO2 to the atmosphere when its content due to glacial-interglacial variation was already at a maximum. Anthropogenic activity
has increased the CO2 content of the atmosphere to 130% of its previous Holocene level, probably higher than at any time during the past few million
years. During the Late Cretaceous the atmospheric CO2 content was probably about four times that of the present, the level to which it may rise at the end of the next century.
The results of a Campanian (80 Ma) climate simulation suggest that the positive feedback between CO2 and another important greenhouse gas, H2O, raised the earth’s temperature to a level where latent heat transport became much more significant than it is presently,
and operated efficiently at all latitudes. Atmospheric high- and low-pressure systems were as much the result of variations
in the vapor content of the air as of temperature differences. In our present state of knowledge, future climate change is
unpredictable because by adding CO2 to the atmosphere we are forcing the climate toward a “greenhouse” mode when it is accustomed to moving between the glacial–interglacial
“icehouse” states that reflect the waxing and waning of ice sheets. At the same time we are replacing freely transpiring C3
plants with water-conserving C4 plants, producing a global vegetation complex that has no past analog. The past climates of
the earth cannot be used as a direct guide to what may occur in the future. To understand what may happen in the future we
must learn about the first principles of physics and chemistry related to the earth’s system. The fundamental mechanisms of
the climate system are best explored in simulations of the earth’s ancient extreme climates.
Received: 7 November 1996/Accepted: 23 January 1997 相似文献