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广东电白芝头国际标准石英砂矿床是第四纪滨海海－风成沉积的大型石英砂矿床,分布在出露于海平面以上１４－２０ｍ的滨海砂堤中,可划分为粗粒为中粒两个工业类型（各有两个品级）、原矿石的石英砂含量达９９．０８％,ＳｉＯ２平均含量为９８．７０－９９．８０％,磨圆度高（次圆－－极圆状占７２．８５－８０．９８％）,含泥量０．１４－２．１７％,水洗后的附着Ｃｌ＾－含量为８．４４×１０＾－６－１６．９×１０６－６。各 相似文献
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浙江八面山萤石矿床稀土元素地球化学特征及成因探讨 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
对浙江八面山萤石矿床中不同类型萤石矿石和围岩样品的稀土元素的系统分析表明,细粒萤石矿石的ΣREE〈39×10-6,LREE为14.36×10-6～34.24×10-6,HREE0.96×10-6～2.04×10-6,Y〈3×10-6;巨晶萤石矿石中的ΣREE3.62×10-6～20.81×10-6,LREE2.71×10-6～17.67×10-6,HREE0.24×10-6～1.49×10-6;而围岩花岗岩的ΣREE460.29×10-6,LREE225.97×10-6,HREE91.32×10-6,Y＆gt;140×10-6;沉积岩中的ΣREE20.22×10-6、LREE16.11×10-6、HREE1.61×10-6。矿石与围岩中沉积岩的稀土总量、轻稀土、重稀土和Y的含量接近,与花岗岩的稀土总量、轻稀土、重稀土和Y元素含量相差悬殊。萤石矿石的稀土分布型式主要为轻稀土富集型,（La/Yb）N通常多数大于8,在8.07～17.26间,δEu值在0.45～1.30,δCe在0.89～1.14间,Ce、Eu基本不显异常。矿石与围岩的稀土地球化学研究显示,八面山萤石矿床为受地层、岩体与断裂共同控制＂三位一体＂的低温热液型矿床。 相似文献
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丰山斑岩型铜(钼)矿床中铂、钯的富集特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文章以湖北丰山斑岩型铜(钼)矿床为研究对象,利用ICP-MS分析了Pt、Pd含量,发现丰山斑岩型铜(钼)矿床矿石中Pt、Pd发生了富集现象.其中,Pt含量范围在0.037×10-9～1.765×10-9,Pd含量范围在0.165×10-9～17.979×10-9,Pd含量普遍较Pt含量高出1个数量级,表明丰山斑岩型铜(钼)矿床中Pd较Pt易富集.测试结果表明,斑岩体中Pt、Pd含量很低,说明岩体发生了分异,且Pt、Pd来源与中酸性岩体关系密切.研究发现,Au与Pt、Pd表现出明显的镜像关系,成为丰山宽岩型铜(钼)矿床Pt、Pd富集的特征表现. 相似文献
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大庄铌稀土矿床赋存于双山碱性岩体中。岩石地球化学分析结果表明,岩体中SiO_2含量53.68%～57.80%,Al_2O_3含量19.17%～22.61%,Na_2O+K_2O含量10.95%～16.40%,A/NK比值1.38～1.83,分异指数(DI) 91.23%～96.33%,具有高分异、富硅和富碱特征,是典型的A型花岗岩。少量的霞石伟晶岩脉和晶洞的出现,说明含矿碱性正长岩的形成与岩浆—热液阶段有关。铌矿的富集与萤石、钠长石化密切相关,含矿碱性正长岩比无矿碱性正长岩分异程度高,该矿床属岩浆分异型矿床类型。矿床可利用的独立矿物主要为褐钇铌矿,富含钇族稀土元素,钽的含量较低,具有其独特性。矿石伴生稀土∑REE含量为791.24×10~(-6)～1 831.70×10~(-6),有一定的综合利用价值。 相似文献
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为了快速检测石英砂中铁含量，通过对安徽省凤阳县灵山工业园区30个湿法石英砂样品磁学参数和代表性样品中磁性离子含量的测量以及石英砂中铁含量与磁学参数相关关系的研究，提出石英砂中铁含量的磁学检测方法。通过在高纯石英砂中掺入不同质量磁选物的合成实验建立石英砂的磁化率(χ)、饱和等温剩磁(SIRM)与铁元素含量之间的标准曲线方程，合成实验结果显示石英砂的磁化率与铁含量在143.3×10-6～500.0×10-6范围内呈线性关系，相关系数R2=0.994 5,饱和等温剩磁与铁含量在67.9×10-6～500.0×10-6范围内呈线性关系，相关系数R2=0.999 2。实例检测结果显示，应用χ和SIRM测量石英砂中铁含量与应用分光光度法测量相比，相对误差分别在-9.83%～3.03%之间和-4.91%～2.42%之间，说明采用磁测法测量石英砂中铁含量是可行的，测量精度良好，采用SIRM测量精度较χ高，对石英砂进行700℃高温处理后，测量精度会增加。该研究为石英砂中铁含... 相似文献
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云南白马寨Cu-Ni硫化物矿微量和铂族元素地球化学和矿床成因意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用锍镍试金富集-等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定法较系统分析了云南白马寨主要Cu-Ni硫化物矿石和主要围岩的PGE、Au、Cu和Ni含量,发现PGE含量均较低,其中块状硫化物矿石的∑PGE为78.2×10-9～556×10-9,橄榄辉石岩为0.472×10-9～67.0 ×10-9,辉长岩为0.847×10-9,二辉岩为0.76×10-9～0.809 ×10-9.后期煌斑岩的PGE也很低(2.98×10-9～4.07×10-9).各类矿石和围岩中∑PGE与Au, Ni与Cu之间呈明显的正相关关系.各类矿石的PGE原始地幔标准化曲线和Pt/Pd和Cu/Pd值与其各主要围岩非常相似,说明该矿Cu-Ni硫化物矿石为岩浆成因,且与围岩有成因上的联系.矿石和围岩较高的Pt/Pd值(平均0.83)显示其主要形成于单独的硫化物饱和事件,矿石中较高的Ir (0.77×10-9～5.52×10-9, 平均2.35×10-9)和Pd/Ir值 (4.76～296,平均138)显示硫化物矿石可能受到后期强烈的热液蚀变.白马寨硫化物矿石较高的187Os/188Os 初始值(0.456± 0.026)显示地壳物质的加入是成矿的重要因素.计算显示该矿硫化物矿石中地壳来源Os超过30%. 相似文献
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滇西北红山矽卡岩型铜矿床石榴子石原位成分及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
红山铜多金属矿床是义敦岛弧南端规模最大的矽卡岩型铜矿床。矽卡岩矿物以石榴子石为主,多以粒状或粒状集合体产出,偶见与透辉石共生。根据穿插关系及光学特征,将该矿床的石榴子石分为早(Grt I)、晚(Grt II)两个世代。本文利用电子探针和LA-ICP-MS原位微区分析技术对两类石榴子石开展了系统研究。石榴子石的SiO_2含量为34. 47%～36. 29%、Ca O含量为32. 48%～34. 59%、FeO含量为20. 58%～28. 17%、Al_2O_3含量为0. 01%～5. 39%,计算获得其属于钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石系列(Gro1-29And69-98)。Grt I较Grt II更富钙铁榴石组分,而Grt II更多发育振荡环带。石榴子石稀土元素总量较低(ΣREE=8. 72×10~(-6)～368×10~(-6))、轻重稀土元素分异明显(LREE/HREE=2. 13～3104)、多正Eu异常(δEu=0. 53～13. 6)。亏损Rb、Ba和Sr等大离子亲石元素(Rb=0. 02×10~(-6)～3. 75×10~(-6),Ba=0. 01×10~(-6)～0. 74×10~(-6),Sr=0. 01×10~(-6)～3. 23×10~(-6)),富集Th、U和Zr等高场强元素(Th=0. 01×10~(-6)～27. 8×10~(-6),U=0. 83×10~(-6)～98. 7×10~(-6),Zr=0. 03×10~(-6)～175×10~(-6))。Grt II的稀土元素总量、LREE/HREE比值、δEu值、Y和U含量总体高于Grt I。石榴子石主量和微量元素含量及变化特征表明,矽卡岩化早期的流体为相对封闭、酸性、氧逸度较高的体系,热液扩散交代作用占主导,多形成无环带的石榴子石;而晚期,流体演化为相对开放、弱酸性-中性、氧逸度相对较低的体系,渗滤交代作用占主导,多形成振荡环带发育石榴子石。此外,石榴子石中较高的Zn含量(Zn=1. 42×10~(-6)～37. 2×10~(-6))说明成矿流体富集Zn,可能暗示了一定的锌成矿前景。 相似文献
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四川冕宁木落寨稀土矿床稀土矿化与围岩特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
木落寨矿床是冕宁—德昌稀土元素(REE)矿带内的主要稀土矿床,位于矿带北段,雅砻江断裂以西。该稀土矿床的形成与正长岩-碳酸岩杂岩体密切相关。与冕宁—德昌REE矿带中其它矿床例如牦牛坪、大陆槽矿床不同的是,牦牛坪和大陆槽矿床的围岩主要是石英闪长岩,而木落寨REE矿床中围岩较复杂,主要有大理岩、绿片岩、碱性花岗岩等。已有研究表明石英闪长岩并不是牦牛坪和大陆槽矿床稀土元素的主要来源,对木落寨矿床来说,围岩对成矿的作用还需进一步研究。采用ICP-MS与XRF,对大理岩和绿片岩这两种主要的围岩进行主微量元素分析,全岩稀土配分曲线显示轻稀土亏损(大理岩3×10~(–6)~20×10~(–6),绿片岩62×10~(–6)~74×10~(–6)),重稀土平坦,总稀土含量低(大理岩4×10~(–6)~21×10~(–6),绿片岩86×10~(–6)~97×10~(–6)),与本次研究的木落寨正长岩中稀土含量(592×10~(–6)~2 026×10~(–6))和以往研究的冕宁—德昌成矿带其他三个矿床的碳酸岩-正长岩杂岩体中稀土含量(碳酸岩2 470×10~(–6)~40 807×10~(–6),正长岩630×10~(–6)~3 233×10~(–6))相比,大理岩和绿片岩中稀土元素含量过低,显示在稀土物质来源上,这两种围岩可能对成矿贡献不大,根据剖面展示,矿体大部分出现在正长岩裂隙中,极少部分出现在正长岩和大理岩接触面中,大理岩可能提供碳酸根离子,促进交代和成矿作用的进行。木落寨矿石类型主要是细脉浸染型,少量为条带型。通过手标本、镜下和BSE图像观察,脉石矿物主要有萤石+方解石+重晶石+石膏+黄铁矿+方铅矿+石英+金云母等,矿石矿物为氟碳铈矿,氟碳铈矿叠加在已形成的脉石矿物之上,显示矿床主要形成于热液阶段最晚期。 相似文献
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湖南新宁金家锑矿床是湘中地区较具有经济价值的锑矿床。文章通过矿石稀土元素、微量元素、铅同位素分析以及流体包裹体岩相学观察、均一法测温和包裹体气液相成分分析,研究了金家锑矿床成矿流体的性质及演化。研究表明:①矿石中稀土元素总量w(ΣREE)=151.21×10-6～212.41×10-6,平均180.52×10-6;LREE/HREE=15.21～18.54,轻稀土富集,具中等负铕异常;矿石微量元素蛛网图表明,富集Rb,U,Th等大离子亲石元素(LILE),而亏损Nb,Ta,Ti等高场强元素;铅同位素组成206 Pb/204 Pb=18.032～18.391,207 Pb/204 Pb=15.403～15.495,208Pb/204Pb=38.025～38.215,表明成矿物质来自深源;②流体包裹体主要为气液两相包裹体,液相成分阳离子以K+,Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+为主,阴离子以SO24-,Cl-,F-为主;气相成分以H2O,CO2,CH4为主。包裹体均一温度100～240℃,主要为140～200℃,盐度2.60%～3.80%,表明金家锑矿床为典型的中低温热液矿床,其成矿流体为中-低温、低盐度热液。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
19.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
20.
Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献