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吉林省侏罗-白垩系界线暂行划分方案 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依据叶肢介,介形虫两门类优势化石生物地层.全国地层委员会( 2001)将中国陆相侏罗系/白垩系界线确定在义县阶/大北沟阶.据此,结合我省已有生物地层学资料和已知同位素测年成果,提出省内各地区J/K界线暂行划分方案的建议:白城地区梅勒图组/白音高老组,松嫩平原区,沙河子组/火石岭组,吉中地区久大组/德仁组,延边地区老头沟... 相似文献
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三丹地区下奥陶统发育良好,包括了不同的沉积类型和生物种类.本文根据区域岩石地层特征重新厘定了锅塘组的含义,新建了三合镇组,明确了三合镇组为晚寒武世至早奥陶世的跨纪沉积的岩石地层单位,并将锅塘组划分为四个互为相变的岩性段,初步探讨了它们之间岩相及生物相的特征及其变化规律. 相似文献
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江西省白垩纪茅店组、河口组及塘边组的建立 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
江西省白垩系分布广泛,发育良好,散布于大小30余个“红色盆地”中。因以往的划分以年代对比代替岩石对比,将不同的岩石组合划归同一地层单位,混淆了岩性岩相的一致性,同时也忽略了沉积盆地发生—发展—衰亡封闭演化之不同阶段所形成岩石组合及延伸变化。现根据岩石地层单位的含义和划分准则,进行了重新划分,将原赣州组、圭峰组均提升为群级单位,前者下部创建茅店组,后者下、中部分别创立河口组和塘边组。 相似文献
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西藏北部班戈地层分区下白垩统郎山组、康曲组和余穷组地层层序研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在西藏自治区北部区域地质调查过程中 ,在班戈地层分区的下白垩统郎山组之上发现一套厚约 180 0 m的滨海—浅海相碳酸盐岩、陆源细碎屑岩岩石组合 ,该套组合不属于郎山组定义之内 ,且出露良好、层序稳定、标志清楚、厚度巨大、化石丰富 ,并具有很强的可填图性。因此 ,我们将整合于郎山组之上 ,岩性以杂色微—薄层状钙质泥岩、钙质 (粉 )砂岩与泥质生物灰岩的韵律产出为特征 ,产圆笠虫、腹足类、双壳类等化石的地层命名为康曲组 ;将整合于康曲组之上 ,下部以灰—深灰色中薄层状泥质生物灰岩、圆笠虫泥晶灰岩、钙质泥岩等韵律出现为特征 ,上部以灰色中—厚层状含硅质结核圆笠虫泥晶灰岩、圆笠虫泥晶灰岩夹灰绿色薄层状钙质砂岩为特征 ,富含圆笠虫、腕足类、腹足类、双壳类及海胆等化石的地层定名为余穷组。时代均置于早白垩世晚期 相似文献
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利用地层序列中火山碎屑岩、凝灰岩及其火山岩锆石U-Pb同位素测年,对晋东北地区侏罗纪地层时代进行了重新厘定。取得了以下主要认识:(1)确认宁武—静乐盆地下侏罗统永定庄组的存在;(2)宁武—静乐盆地天池河组可以与鄂尔多斯盆地安定组相对比,归属于中侏罗统;(3)浑源盆地髫髻山组应归属于中侏罗统上部,该套火山岩地层在整个燕—辽地区具有穿时性;(4)广灵盆地中侏罗统窑坡组底部厚层砾岩的沉积时代可能与燕山造山带的南大岭组相当,应该属于早侏罗世至中侏罗世早期构造运动的产物。通过地层序列的重新厘定,确认了159.0~(152.77±0.63)Ma区域角度不整合的存在,该期构造运动可能与侏罗纪东亚大陆多向汇聚产生的远程效应有关。 相似文献
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泡水组系杨逢清、殷鸿福1987年新建的岩石地层名称,命名地点在广西来宾县泡水,层位与长兴组相当,时代属晚二叠世晚期。杨逢清,殷鸿福将泡水组引用到湖南宜章梅田长兴阶的地层。根据岩性特征,笔者认为宜章梅田长兴阶的地层不能冠用泡水组,只能沿用梅田组、九陂组和麻田组。 相似文献
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江西省泥盆系，通过本次地层清理，新创建灵严寺组和麻山组。本文描述了这两个组的岩性、岩相特征及其分布情况。其时代分属于中泥盆世早期、晚泥盆世锡矿山期。 相似文献
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燕山地区褶皱冲断带和盆地中的晚侏罗世土城子组/后城组形成分析 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
Gregory A.DAVIS 《地学前缘》2005,12(4):331-345
土城子组/后城组为广泛分布在中国北方的燕山褶皱冲断带和盆地中晚侏罗世的典型碎屑岩沉积.本文主要是针对目前在燕山地区的通行的有关土城子组/后城组、及其之下的髫髻山组/ 蓝旗组,和上覆的张家口组/东岭台组火山岩的相关对比方法提出质疑.其他同行近期发表相关的氩-氩法和铀-铅法同位素测年数据指出髫髻山组/蓝旗组年龄为175～147 Ma、土城子组/后城组年龄为156～139 Ma、张家口组/东岭台组年龄为147～127 Ma,显而易见,上述地层组的年龄是相互重叠的.这些测年数据说明以往的地层对比是有问题的,燕山造山带在中、晚侏罗世所发育的火山岩和沉积岩地层是穿时的.因此,传统上用(165±5) Ma 和(135±5) Ma之间的区域不整合来作为划分髫髻山组和后城组的层序界限是值得商榷的.尽管一些髫髻山组的火山岩和土城子组/后城组的沉积岩是与向南或向北的冲断作用相伴生的,但在髫髻山组和土城子组/后城组沉积之间的30～35 Ma的时间间隔内却是相对的构造平静期.这一结论是基于以往的髫髻山组和土城子组之间为假整合或平行不整合的观点所得出的.新近基于对承德盆地土城子组地层形成研究分析认为承德冲断层的实际位移距离应小于Davis等2001年所提出的位移距离,笔者接受这一观点.但笔者并不同意在承德地区土城子组的沉积主要是受控于承德北部的向南冲断作用.现今承德向形盆地主要是由于向北冲断的承德县冲断层下盘变形的结果, 主要是(1) 它向北发生倒转;(2) 盆地南部的粗碎屑沉积的物源主要是来源于承德县的异地体.土城子组/后城组的沉积没有必要完全受控于构造作用.土城子组/后城组的沉积是紧随着在燕山部分地区发生的,持续了20～25 Ma 的髫髻山组/蓝旗组火山及岩浆活动.在中、晚侏罗世期间,燕山地区的岩浆活动必定导致地形的起伏,这就为快速剥蚀及粗碎屑的沉积提供了有利条件.最后需要指出的是,从前所提及的有关燕山带的土城子组/后城组和阴山带的大青山组的地层对比的依据并不存在. 相似文献
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Gregory A.DAVIS 《地学前缘》2005,(4)
土城子组/后城组为广泛分布在中国北方的燕山褶皱冲断带和盆地中晚侏罗世的典型碎屑岩沉积。本文主要是针对目前在燕山地区的通行的有关土城子组/后城组、及其之下的髫髻山组/蓝旗组,和上覆的张家口组/东岭台组火山岩的相关对比方法提出质疑。其他同行近期发表相关的氩-氩法和铀-铅法同位素测年数据指出髫髻山组/蓝旗组年龄为175~147Ma、土城子组/后城组年龄为156~139Ma、张家口组/东岭台组年龄为147~127Ma,显而易见,上述地层组的年龄是相互重叠的。这些测年数据说明以往的地层对比是有问题的,燕山造山带在中、晚侏罗世所发育的火山岩和沉积岩地层是穿时的。因此,传统上用(165±5)Ma和(135±5)Ma之间的区域不整合来作为划分髫髻山组和后城组的层序界限是值得商榷的。尽管一些髫髻山组的火山岩和土城子组/后城组的沉积岩是与向南或向北的冲断作用相伴生的,但在髫髻山组和土城子组/后城组沉积之间的30~35Ma的时间间隔内却是相对的构造平静期。这一结论是基于以往的髫髻山组和土城子组之间为假整合或平行不整合的观点所得出的。新近基于对承德盆地土城子组地层形成研究分析认为承德冲断层的实际位移距离应小于Davis等2001年所提出的位移距离,笔者接受这一观点。但笔者并不同意在承德地区土城子组的沉积主要是受控于承德北部的向南冲断作用。现今承德向形盆地主要是由于向北冲断的承德县冲断层下盘变形的结果,主要是(1)它向北发生倒转;(2)盆地南部的粗碎屑沉积的物源主要是来源于承德县的异地体。土城子组/后城组的沉积没有必要完全受控于构造作用。土城子组/后城组的沉积是紧随着在燕山部分地区发生的,持续了20~25Ma的髫髻山组/蓝旗组火山及岩浆活动。在中、晚侏罗世期间,燕山地区的岩浆活动必定导致地形的起伏,这就为快速剥蚀及粗碎屑的沉积提供了有利条件。最后需要指出的是,从前所提及的有关燕山带的土城子组/后城组和阴山带的大青山组的地层对比的依据并不存在。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献