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1.
Haliotis diversicolor Reeve is one of the most important mollusks cultured in South China. Preliminary genetic linkage maps were constructed with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A total of 2 596 AFLP markers were obtained from 28 primer combinations in two parents and 78 offsprings. Among them, 412 markers (15.9%) were polymorphic and segregated in the mapping family. Chi-square tests showed that 151 (84.4%) markers segregated according to the expected 1:1 Mendelian ratio (P<0.05) in the female parent, and 200 (85.8%) in the male parent. For the female map, 179 markers were used for linkage analysis and 90 markers were assigned to 17 linkage groups with an average interval length of 25.7 cm. For the male map, 233 markers were used and 94 were mapped into 18 linkage groups, with an average interval of 25.0 cm. The estimated genome length was 2 773.0 cm for the female and 2 817.1 cm for the male map. The observed length of the linkage map was 1 875.2 cm and 1 896.5 cm for the female and male maps, respectively. When doublets were considered, the map length increased to 2 152.8 cm for the female and 2 032.7 cm for the male map, corresponding to genome coverage of 77.6% and 72.2%, respectively.  相似文献   

2.
Ovoviviparous black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) is an important marine fish species for aquaculture and fisheries in China. Genetic information of this species is scarce because of the lack of microsatellite markers. In this study, a large number of microsatellite markers of black rockfish were isolated by constructing microsatellite-enriched libraries. Female- and male-specific genetic linkage maps were constructed using 435 microsatellite markers genotyped in a full-sib family of the fish species. The female linkage map contained 140 microsatellite markers, in which 23 linkage groups had a total genetic length of 1334.1 cM and average inter-marker space of 13.3 cM. The male linkage map contained 156 microsatellite markers, in which 25 linkage groups had a total genetic length of 1359.6 cM and average inter-marker distance of 12.4 cM. The genome coverage of the female and male linkage maps was 68.6% and 69.3%, respectively. The female-to-male ratio of the recombination rate was approximately 1.07:1 in adjacent microsatellite markers. This paper presents the first genetic linkage map of microsatellites in black rockfish. The collection of polymorphic markers and sex-specific linkage maps of black rockfish could be useful for further investigations on parental assignment, population genetics, quantitative trait loci mapping, and marker-assisted selection in related breeding programs.  相似文献   

3.
The complete mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅱ （COⅡ） gene of Penaeinae shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis was cloned and sequenced. The gene is 688 bp in length and codes for 229 amino acids. It shows 83.2%, 87.0% and 83.8% sequence similarity to Marsupenaeus Japonicus, Penaeus monodon and Farfantepenaeus notialis, respectively. The A＋T content of the whole gene and that at the third position of codons are 64.7% and 78.2%, respectively. The phylogenetic relationship between F. chinensis and three other species representing genera Farfanatepenaeus, Marsupenaeus and Penaeus was analyzed. Results showed that the genetic distances among the four taxa ranged from 0.144 0 to 0.200 5, exceeding those estimated with COⅠ and partial 16S rRNA gene sequences among Marsupenaeus, Litopenaeus and Melicertus, and being therefore larger than the value among subgenera. It has been suggested that the COⅡ gene has a faster evolutionary rate than that of the COⅠ gene and partial 16S rRNA gene and could be used for phylogenetic analysis at genus or species level. The results of the present study indicated that Farfantepenaeus, Fenneropenaeus, Marsupenaeus and Penaeus are at a higher phylogenetic level than subgenus, which supports the opinion of the elevation of phylogenetic status of the four subgenera to genus level.  相似文献   

4.
An AFLP Genetic Linkage Map of Pacific Abalone （Haliotis discus hannai）   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
A genetic linkage map of Pacific abalone （Haliotis discus hannai） was constructed using AFLP markers based on a two-way pseudo-testcross strategy in a full-sib family. With 33 primer combinations, a total of 455 markers （225 from the female parent and 230 from the male parent） segregated in a 1 ： 1 ratio, corresponding to DNA polymorphism： heterozygous in one parent and null in the other. The female framework map consisted of 174 markers distributed in 18 linkage groups, equivalent to the H. discus hannai haploid chromosome number, and spanning a total length of 2031.4 cM, with an average interval of 13.0 cM between adjacent markers. The male framework map consisted of 195 markers mapped on 19 linkage groups, spanning a total length of 2273.4cM, with an average spacing of 12.9cM between adjacent markers. The estimated coverage for the framework linkage maps was 81.2% for the female and 82.1% for the male, on the basis of two estimates of genome length. Fifty-two markers （11.4%） remained unlinked. The level of segregation distortion observed in this cross was 20.4%. These linkage maps will serve as a starting point for linkage studies in the Pacific abalone with potential application for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.  相似文献   

5.
A muscle cDNA library of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) was constructed with the SMART™ cDNA Library Construction Kit. The titer of optimal primary library was 7.7×105 pfu mL−1 and that of the amplified library was 3.0×109 pfu mL−1. The percentages of the recombinant clones of primary and amplified libraries were over 98%. The insert sizes were longer than 400 bp with an average of 1000 bp. A positive clone containing a 794 bp insert was sequenced and identified encoding fast skeletal troponin I gene. This library provided a useful resource for the functional genomic research of F. chinensis.  相似文献   

6.
Knowledge of population genetic structure plays an important role in fisheries management.In this research,In-ter-Simple-Sequence-Repeat(ISSR)markers were employed to evaluate the genetic structure of Japanese sardinella(Sardinella zun-asi)populations in the Northwest Pacific.Eighty seven individuals from 5 locations were screened using 4 highly polymorphic prim-ers.A total of 173 polymorphic loci were detected out of 191 loci amplified.Small but significant genetic differentiation was de-tected between the Chinese and Japanese populations by both AMOVA and pairwise FST analyses,which was further supported by cluster analysis.We consider that climate change during glaciations should be responsible for the genetic differentiation.Isolation by geographic distance among populations was observed,indicating that the distance might also lead to the genetic differentiation.However,no genetic structure was found within the populations off both the Chinese and Japanese coasts,indicating a high-level along-coast gene flow,which might result from ocean current transport and common ground for over-wintering.  相似文献   

7.
Sinonovacula constricta is one of the important economic aquaculture species in China. In this study, we constructed genetic linkage maps of S. constricta based on 300 microsatellite markers derived from RAD-seq using an F1 full-sib family. The female map contained 204 microsatellites assigned to 22 linkage groups, which covered 1529.5 cM with an average interval of 10.3 cM. The male consisted of 187 microsatellites in 19 linkage groups corresponding to the haploid chromosome number(n(28)19), which spanned 1429.3 cM with an average interval of 8.7 cM. The genome coverage was approximately 83.5% and 81.4%, respectively. An integrated map was constructed according to the common markers in parental linkage groups, which had a total length of 1683.8 cM with an average interval of 7.3 cM. The genome coverage of the integrated map was approximately 86.3%. The genetic linkage map would form the foundation for further studies on the quantitative trait loci(QTL), as well as accelerating the breeding process of this species.  相似文献   

8.
Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) is an economically important aquaculture species in China. However, cytogenetic and genomic data is limited in the organism partly because the chromosomes are difficult to isolate and analyze. In this study, fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) was used to identify the chromosomes of F. chinensis. The 5S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) of F. chinensis was isolated, cloned and then used as a hybridization probe. The results show that the 5S rDNA was located on one pair of homologous chromosomes in F. chinensis. In addition, triploid shrimp were used to evaluate the feasibility of chromosome identification using FISH and to validate the method. It was confirmed that 5S rDNA can be used as a chromosome-specific probe for chromosome identification in F. chinensis. The successful application of FISH in F. chinensis shows that chromosome-specific probes can be developed and this finding will facilitate further research on the chromosomes of penaeid shrimps.  相似文献   

9.
Fenneropenaeus penicillatus (redtail shrimp) is an important marine commercial animal in China. Recently, its resources have been depleted rapidly as a result of, for example, over-exploitation and environmental degradation of spawning grounds. Therefore, we analyzed the genetic diversity and differentiation of nine wild populations of F. penicillatus of China (Ningde, Lianjiang, Putian, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangpu, Dongshan, Nanao, and Shenzhen populations) by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technology, to provide genetic information necessary for resource protection, rejuvenation, artificial breeding, and sustainable use of the resource. Eight AFLP primer pairs were used for amplification, and 508 bands were detected among the populations. The results show that the percentage of polymorphic loci (P) ranged from 41.34% to 63.58%; the Nei’s gene diversity (H) of the populations was 0.119 4-0.230 5; and Shannon’s Information Index (I) was 0.184 1-0.342 5. These genetic data indicate that the genetic diversity of F. penicillatus was high. The genetic differentiation coefficient (GST=0.216 2) and gene flow (Nm=1.812 4) show that there was a high level of genetic differentiation and a moderate level of gene flow among populations. More studies on the genetic differentiation mechanism of F. penicillatus along the south-eastern coast of China need to be conducted to find more effective scientific protection strategies for the conservation of F. penicillatus genetic resources.  相似文献   

10.
Potassium, sodium, magnesium and iodine requirements of shrimp,Penaeus chinensis were studied. Orthogonal design was employed in this experiment. The composition of the basal diet consisted of fish meal, peanut cake, corn meal, soybean cake, wheat bran, vitamin mix and mineral mix, and supplementations of potassium, sodium, magnesium and iodine in the basal diet were made according to the L9(34) orthogonal table. The results indicated that iodine supplementation improved growth of the shrimp significantly and raised survival very significantly, iodine requirement of the shrimp was 0.003%; sodium requirement was 0.87% or less; and that 1.1–1.3% potassium and 0.18–0.38% magnesium in the diet were proper nutrition supplements for the shrimp. Contribution No. 2342 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.  相似文献   

11.
Based on DNA extraction and optimization of random amplified reaction (RAPD) to the gametophytes and sporophytes of Kelp “901” strain, genetic study on variation was conducted to its parents and offsprings of F6, F7, F8, and F9 generation. RAPD results have shown that among 30 selected primers for gametophytes, 297 loci ranging from 200 to 3 000 bp were obtained in the average of 9.9 loci for each primer. This indicated a high polymorphic rate with RAPD detection. UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average) analysis showed that each male and female gametophyte of a generation could be clustered into one pair separately. The genetic distances of the Kelp 901 generation were 0.3212–0.4767, and the maximum was between F7 and F8 (0.4767). Identity analysis showed that F6 generation was more close to the female parent (0.6593), and F7 generation was more close to the male parent (0.578 8). To the sporophytes study in 24 selected primers for RAPD amplification, 191 loci ranging from 230–2800 bp were obtained, in the average to each primer of 8.0 loci. The heterozygosity to six populations were male parent (0.2239), female parent (0.1072), F6 (0.2164), F7(0.2286), F8(0.2296) and F9(0.3172). The nearest genetic distance was 0.083 5(F8, F9). Total heterozygosity (HT) of F6, F7, F8 and F9 generations was 0.3186, the average heterozygosity (HS) for F6, F7, F8 and F9 generations was 0.2480, and deduced coefficient of population differentiation (Gst) was 22.2%. Six sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) were preliminary screened through RAPD analysis. It needed to be verified in detail as they are significant for molecular marker assistance in breeding and selectingLaminaria.  相似文献   

12.
    
Based on DNA extraction and optimization of random amplified reaction (RAPD) to the gametophytes and sporophytes of Kelp “901” strain, genetic study on variation was conducted to its parents and offsprings of F6, F7, F8, and F9 generation. RAPD results have shown that among 30 selected primers for gametophytes, 297 loci ranging from 200 to 3 000 bp were obtained in the average of 9.9 loci for each primer. This indicated a high polymorphic rate with RAPD detection. UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average) analysis showed that each male and female gametophyte of a generation could be clustered into one pair separately. The genetic distances of the Kelp 901 generation were 0.3212–0.4767, and the maximum was between F7 and F8 (0.4767). Identity analysis showed that F6 generation was more close to the female parent (0.6593), and F7 generation was more close to the male parent (0.578 8). To the sporophytes study in 24 selected primers for RAPD amplification, 191 loci ranging from 230–2800 bp were obtained, in the average to each primer of 8.0 loci. The heterozygosity to six populations were male parent (0.2239), female parent (0.1072), F6 (0.2164), F7(0.2286), F8(0.2296) and F9(0.3172). The nearest genetic distance was 0.083 5(F8, F9). Total heterozygosity (HT) of F6, F7, F8 and F9 generations was 0.3186, the average heterozygosity (HS) for F6, F7, F8 and F9 generations was 0.2480, and deduced coefficient of population differentiation (Gst) was 22.2%. Six sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) were preliminary screened through RAPD analysis. It needed to be verified in detail as they are significant for molecular marker assistance in breeding and selectingLaminaria. Financially supported by 863 program of China (No.2001AA621090)  相似文献   

13.
Seven microsatellite markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity and differentiation of seven stocks of Litopenaeus vannamei, which were introduced from Central and South America to China. All seven microsatellite loci were polymorphic, with polymorphism information content(PIC) values ranging from 0.593 to 0.952. Totally 92 alleles were identified, and the number of alleles(Na) and effective alleles(Ne) varied between 4 and 21 and 2.7 and 14.6, respectively. Observed heterozygosity(Ho) values were lower than the expected heterozygosity(He) values(0.526–0.754), which indicated that the seven stocks possessed a rich genetic diversity. Thirty-seven tests were detected for reasonable significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Fis values were positive at five loci, suggesting that there was a relatively high degree of inbreeding within stocks. Pairwise Fst values ranged from 0.0225 to 0.151, and most of the stock pairs were moderately differentiated. Genetic distance and cluster analysis using UPGMA revealed a close genetic relationship of L. vannamei between Pop2 and Pop3. AMOVA indicated that the genetic variation among stocks(11.3%) was much lower than that within stocks(88.7%). Although the seven stocks had a certain degree of genetic differentiation and a rich genetic diversity, there is an increasing risk of decreased performance due to inbreeding in subsequent generations.  相似文献   

14.
Eight hundred and thirty eight base pair fragment of mitochondrial COI gene of wild and cultured populations (CP1, CP4, CP5 and CP6) of Fenneropenaeus chinensis was amplified and sequenced. The A, T, G and C contents of the sequence were 235 bp (28.0%), 307 bp (36.6%), 138 bp (16.5%) and 158 bp (18.9%), respectively. Furthermore, 556 bp fragment of the sequence was used to discuss the phylogenetic relationship among 14 Penaeidae species using Alpheus armillatus as the outgroup. From the molecular phylogenetic tree constructed by neighbor-joining method, we obtained three large shrimp groups: Farfantepenaeus, Litopenaeus and Fenneropenaeus group. The results also indicated that there were a closer genetic relationships between F. aztecus and F. paulensis, L. schmitti and L. setiferus, F. indicus and F. merguiensis, and the genus Farfantepenaeus was closer to Litopenaeus.  相似文献   

15.
Niu  Sufang  Zhai  Yun  Wu  Renxie  Zhang  Haoran  Tian  Letian  Deng  Jiaxin  Xiao  Yao 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2019,37(1):245-255

Decapterus maruadsi is a commercially important species in China, but has been heavily exploited in some areas. There is a growing need to develop microsatellites promoting its genetic research for the adequate management of this fishery resources. The recently developed specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) is an efficient and high-resolution method for genome-wide microsatellite markers discovery. In this study, 28 905 microsatellites (mono- to hexa-nucleotide repeats) were identified using SLAF-seq technology, of which di-nucleotide was the most frequent (13 590, 47.02%), followed by mono-nucleotide (8 138, 28.15%), tri-nucleotide (5 727, 19.81%), tetra-nucleotide (1 104, 3.82%), pentanucleotide (234, 0.81%), and hexa-nucleotide (112, 0.39%). One hundred and thirty-two microsatellite loci (di- and tri-nucleotide) were randomly selected for amplification and polymorphism, of which 49 were highly polymorphic and well-resolved. The average number of alleles per locus was 13.63, ranging from 4 to 25, and allele sizes varied between 110 bp and 309 bp. The observed heterozygosity ( Ho ) and expected heterozygosity ( He ) ranged from 0.233 to 1.000 and from 0.374 to 0.959, with mean values of 0.738 and 0.836, respectively. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.341 to 0.941 (mean=0.806). However, 12 loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Furthermore, transferability tests were also successful in validating the utility of the developed markers in five phylogenetically related species of family Carangidae. A total of 48 microsatellite markers were successfully cross-amplified in Decapterus macarellus, Decapterus macrosoma, Decapterus kurroides, Trachurus japonicus, and Selaroides leptolepis. The present microsatellites provided the first known set of microsatellite DNA markers for D. maruadsi, D. macarellus, D. kurroides, and D. macrosoma, and would be useful for further population genetic and molecular phylogeny studies as well as help with the fisheries management formulation and implementation of the understudied species.

  相似文献   

16.
The pathological changes of hemocytes in the haemolymph and hepatopancreas were examined in experimentally and naturally WSSV (white spot syndrome virus) infected Fenneropenaeus chinensis. The results showed that the pathological manifestations of hemocytes were similar among moribund shrimps infected via injection, feeding and by nature. Firstly, the total hemocyte counts (THCs) in WSSV-infected shrimp were significantly lower than those in healthy shrimp. Secondly, necrotic, broken and disintegrated cells were often observed, and a typical hematolysis was present in the haemolymph smear of WSSV-infected shrimp. Thirdly, necrosis and typical apoptosis of hemocytes were detected with TEM in the peripheral haemolymph of WSSV-infected shrimp. Hyalinocytes and semi-granulocytes with masses of WSSVs in their nuclei often appeared, whereas no granular hemocytes with WSSV were found in the hepatopancreas of moribund infected shrimps. All our results supported that hemocytes were the main target cells of WSSV, and hyalinocytes and semigranular hemocytes seemed to be more favorable for WSSV infection in F. chinensis.  相似文献   

17.
Stable isotope methods can be used to determine the food sources and prey items of aquatic organisms accurately and reliably. This study examined the relative contribution of artificial foods (the formulated feed and Artemia) and natural foods to shrimp growth in an intensive Fenneropenaeus chinensis pond by using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. The results showed that the nutrition utilization efficiency of the harvested shrimp was low, only 33.18% of feed nitrogen and 21.73% of feed carbon being converted to shrimp flesh. Our stable isotope results showed that the shrimp obtained nutrition for maximum growth from artificial foods, whose contribution was 93.5%, with the remaining attributed to the natural foods. However, there was 0.94 t harvested shrimp derived from natural foods (the rest of 13.56 t harvested shrimp derived from artificial foods) in 1ha intensive pond with a shrimp production of 14.50 t ha−1. Therefore, unit area shrimp production can be increased by increasing the contribution proportion of natural foods in intensive shrimp farming.  相似文献   

18.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was used to analyze the fingerprinting of four successive generations ofFenneropenaeus chinensis to reveal their disease-resistance traits. Some loci showed quite different genetic frequencies due to artificial selection, which implied that these fragments were putative markers related to the disease-resistance trait. We developed a simple and effective method to further characterize these AFLP fragments. Specific AFLP bands were cut directly from polyacrylamide gels, re-amplified, cloned and sequenced. Eight putative genetic markers were sequenced and their sizes ranged from 63 to 209 bp. The sequences were submitted to dbGSS (database of Genome Sequence Survey); and the BLAST analysis showed low similarity to the function genes, indicating these markers were tightly linked to a disease-resistance trait but were not functional genes. This research was supported by special funds from the National Key Basic Research Program (G1999012007) and the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program. 2001AA620105).  相似文献   

19.
Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to determine the genetic variation and genetic differentiation of cultured and wild populations of Trachidermus fasciatus, an endangered catadromous fish species in China. Six selected primers were used to amplify DNA samples from 85 individuals, and 353 loci were detected. Relatively low genetic diversity was detected in the cultured population (the percentage of polymorphic loci PPL = 73.80%, Nei’s gene diversity h = 0.178 2, Shannon information index ...  相似文献   

20.
Sargassum horneri is a common brown macro-alga that is found in the inter-tidal ecosystems of China. To investigate the current status of seaweed resources and provide basic data for its sustainable development, ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) and SRAP (sequence related amplified polymorphism) markers were used to analyze the population genetics among nine natural populations of S. horneri. The nine studied populations were distributed over 2 000 km from northeast to south China. The percentage of polymorphic loci P% (ISSR, 99.44%; SRAP, 100.00%), Nei’s genetic diversity H (ISSR, 0.107-0.199; SRAP, 0.100-0.153), and Shannon’s information index I (ISSR, 0.157-0.291; SRAP, 0.148-0.219) indicated a fair amount of genetic variability among the nine populations. Moreover, the high degree of gene differentiation G st (ISSR, 0.654; SRAP, 0.718) and low gene flow N m (ISSR, 0.265; SRAP, 0.196) implied that there was significant among-population differentiation, possibly as a result of habitat fragmentation. The matrices of genetic distances and fixation indices (F st ) among the populations correlated well with their geographical distribution (Mantel test R=0.541 5, 0.541 8; P=0.005 0, 0.002 0 and R=0.728 6, 0.641 2; P=0.001 0, 0.001 0, respectively); the Rongcheng population in the Shandong peninsula was the only exception. Overall, the genetic differentiation agreed with the geographic isolation. The fair amount of genetic diversity that was revealed in the S. horneri populations in China indicated that the seaweed resources had not been seriously affected by external factors.  相似文献   

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