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1.
Shinya Magome Tomohiro Yamashita Takeshi Kohama Atsushi Kaneda Yuichi Hayami Satoru Takahashi Hidetaka Takeoka 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(5):761-773
Jellyfish patch formation is investigated by conducting a drifter experiment combined with aerial photography of a sustained
patch of the moon jellyfish in Hokezu Bay, Japan. Jellyfish patches are aggregations of individuals that are caused by a combination
of swimming (active influence) and advection by currents (passive influence). The drifter experiment involved the injection
of 49 drifters around a distinct surface patch of jellyfish within an area of approximately 300 m × 300 m. The drifters’ motion,
caused only by the passive influence, was recorded in a series of 38 aerial photographs taken over approximately 1 h. The
ambient uniform current field larger than the patch scale was estimated from the movement of the centroid position of drifters,
while the distribution of horizontal divergence and relative vorticity around the patch was estimated from the time-derivative
in areas of triangles formed by the drifters. The centroid positions of both drifters and patches moved stably toward the
bay head at different speeds. The difference vector between the patch and drifter centroids was directed to the sun, and was
opposite to the ambient current. The distributions of vorticity and divergence around patches exhibited inhomogeneity within
the patch scale, and the drifters in this nonuniform current field aggregated near the convergence area within 1 h. The results
suggest that horizontal patch formation is predominantly influenced by passive factors at the surface of Hokezu Bay. Furthermore,
the upward swimming against downwelling may make sustained patch in surface layer. 相似文献
2.
海南清澜港水母暴发期间浮游生物生态特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
自2010年12月-2011年5月,调查研究了海南清澜港海域的浮游生物群落特征,重点跟踪监测了2011年5月黄斑海蜇(Rhopilema hispidum)暴发期间海水营养盐水平及浮游生物群落结构变化。通过样品分析,共鉴定出浮游植物111种(变种和变型),细胞密度范围为(2.25×104)-(8.19×108)cells/L,浮游动物36种,丰度范围为19.39-25798.74ind/L,其中浮游动物以桡足类为优势种群,浮游植物以硅藻为主要优势种。在水母暴发期间浮游植物以热带骨条藻(Skeletonema tropicum)为主,浮游动物以桡足类为主。清澜港养殖区为水母水螅体提供生长发育的环境和水母暴发前期浮游植物大量增殖,为浮游动物提供充足的食物,在一定程度上促进了水母的暴发。 相似文献
3.
渤海湾环流的一次观测和分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
为了对渤海湾的环流形态有一个准确的认识，对渤海湾进行了一次较为全面的海流调查。这次调查以Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ观点为指导，采用３种方法：海流计在固定站位连续测流；漂流板轨迹观测和“人工水母”测底层流。本文分别介绍这三种方法及观测过程，并分析得出了渤海湾Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ余环流型大致是顺时针的结论 相似文献
4.
We measured the ammonium excretion, phosphate excretion and respiration rates of the scyphomedusa Aurelia aurita from Ondo Strait, in the central part of the Inland Sea of Japan, at 28 and 20°C. The rates measured at 28°C were converted
to those at 20°C using the Q10 values, i.e. 1.56, 1.57 and 2.80, for ammonium excretion, phosphate excretion and respiration rates, respectively. The composite
relationships between metabolic rates and wet weight of a medusa (WW, g, range 11–1330 g) at 20°C were expressed by the following allometric equations. For ammonium excretion rate (N, μmoles N medusa−1d−1): N = 0.497WW
1.09, phosphate excretion rate (P, μmoles P medusa−1d−1): P = 0.453WW
0.84, and respiration rate (R, μmoles O2 medusa−1d−1): R = 96.9WW
1.06. Mean O:N ratios (i.e. atomic ratios of 16.9 and 11.0 at 28 and 20°C, respectively) indicated that the metabolism of A. aurita medusae was protein-dominated. These metabolic parameters enabled us to estimate the nitrogen and phosphorus regeneration
rates of an A. aurita medusa population typical of early summer in the Ondo Strait (means of water temperature, medusa individual weight and population
biomass: 20°C, 200 g WW and 50.8 g WW m−3, respectively). Regenerated nitrogen and phosphorus were equivalent to 10.0 and 21.6% of phytoplankton uptake rates, respectively,
nearly twice that estimated for mesozooplankton, demonstrating that A. aurita medusae are key components of the plankton community, influencing the trophic and nutrient dynamics in the Ondo Strait during
early summer. 相似文献
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黄海水母旺发区浮游鞭毛虫和纤毛虫群落结构分布及其与水母发生关系初探 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
鞭毛虫和纤毛虫在海洋微食物环和经典食物链间的能量流动中起着重要的枢纽作用,但其在水母暴发过程中的作用仍然不明。本研究基于2011年春季以及水母旺发的夏季黄海专项航次,通过荧光染色技术和定量蛋白银法研究了南黄海水母频发海域3个断面(E:33°N,G:34°N,I:35°N)的鞭毛虫和纤毛虫的群落结构和时空分布特点,对其与水母的发生关系进行了初步探讨。结果表明,春夏两季的微型鞭毛虫丰度均以近岸水域为最高,向外海递减,高值区大多出现在水体表层及底层附近。夏季总微型鞭毛虫的丰度和生物量较春季略高,且异养微型鞭毛虫比例升高。纤毛虫丰度的水平分布与鞭毛虫正相反,以近岸较低,向外海递增,主要分布在表层及10m水层。在水母出现的E和G断面,夏季纤毛虫数量显著降低,丰度仅为春季的30%—40%;而未见水母的I断面夏季较春季的数量升高了一个数量级。推测夏季水母发生的E、G断面纤毛虫丰度明显降低系因水母的捕食压力所致,纤毛虫数量的减少导致对鞭毛虫的摄食压力降低,鞭毛虫数量增加;而未见水母的I断面纤毛虫则维持较高的丰度值。本研究表明,水母作为浮游生态系统的顶级捕食者,可通过营养级联效应对微小型浮游动物群落产生影响。 相似文献
7.
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术研究了8种同工酶在海蜇的刺胞和中胶层的表达特异性,利用RAPD技术对海蜇刺胞组织的DNA标记进行研究。结果表明,作为生物体防御清除自由基的SOD,在刺胞和中胶层均有表达。而与酯类化合物代谢相关的EST、维持细胞正常的能量代谢的ATPase,能在海蜇和口冠海蜇的刺胞中表达,而不能在中胶层中表达,所以,EST和ATPase可作为刺胞毒素的分子标记。碳水化合物代谢中重要的酶类MDH和ADH、清除细胞内H2O2的POD、催化磷酸单酯水解的重要酶类(与磷脂的转移、消化、吸收等活动密切相关的)ACP、在体外碱性环境下能水解有机磷脂键而产生一个有机基团和无机磷酸根的ALP,这5种酶仅在毒性较强的口冠海蜇刺胞中表达,MDH和ACP活性很高,在毒性相对较弱的海蜇刺胞中不表达。所以,这5种酶可作为海蜇毒性强弱的标记。以两种海蜇刺胞DNA为模板,S11、S32、S38、S95等4个随机引物的RAPD谱图差异明显,亦可作为毒素强弱的间接分子标记。 相似文献
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Jellyfish blooms in China: Dominant species, causes and consequences 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Three jellyfish species, Aurelia aurita, Cyanea nozakii and Nemopilema nomurai, form large blooms in Chinese seas. We report on the distribution and increasing incidence of jellyfish blooms and their consequences in Chinese coastal seas and analyze their relationship to anthropogenically derived changes to the environment in order to determine the possible causes. A. aurita, C. nozakii and N. nomurai form blooms in the temperate Chinese seas including the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. N. nomurai forms offshore blooms while the other two species bloom mainly in inshore areas. Eutrophication, overfishing, habitat modification for aquaculture and climate change are all possible contributory factors facilitating plausible mechanisms for the proliferation of jellyfish blooms. In the absence of improvement in coastal marine ecosystem health, jellyfish blooms could be sustained and may even spread from the locations in which they now occur. 相似文献
10.
基于中国近海浪-流耦合业务化预报系统（OFS-C）和Lagrangian粒子追踪方法,本文首次建立了辽东湾海蜇增殖放流模型。模型中,海蜇用虚拟的粒子表示,具有昼夜垂直运动（DVM）特性。海蜇运动由海流和次网格参数化引起的随机运动驱动。利用航次调查数据对模型结果进行了验证,模式结果可以很好的模拟放流海蜇分布的主要结构。模型分析了物理过程对辽东湾放流海蜇的输运和分布的影响,结果显示海蜇运动主要受海流和间接的风应力的影响。放流地和捕捞地的连通性分析表明,辽东湾海蜇的主要捕捞地集中于湾顶。另外,连通性矩阵表明,瓦房店放流的部分海蜇不能到达捕捞地,因此,相对于其它放流地来说,瓦房店不是理想的放流地。敏感性实验表明了随机游走的重要性,但是对于游走格式并不敏感。海蜇栖息的深度会影响海蜇最终的分布,若海蜇栖息于海底,则在低层环流的影响下,最终分布于辽东湾中部,部分会流出辽东湾,而不能到达湾顶。 相似文献