Verification of two hydrological models for real-time flood forecasting in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region     

Tsering  Karma  Shrestha  Manish  Shakya  Kiran  Bajracharya  Birendra  Matin  Mir  Lozano  Jorge Luis Sanchez  Nelson  Jim  Wangchuk  Tandin  Parajuli  Binod  Bhuyan  Md Arifuzzaman 《Natural Hazards》2022,110(3):1821-1845

Natural Hazards - The Hindu Kush Himalayan region is extremely susceptible to periodic monsoon floods. Early warning systems with the ability to predict floods in advance can benefit tens of...  相似文献   

Secondary Calcification of Planktic Foraminifera from the Indian Sector of Southern Ocean     

Rahul MOHAN  Suhas S. SHETYE  Manish TIWARI  Narayanpillai ANILKUMAR 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(1):27-37

This study focused on planktic foraminifera in plankton tows and surface sediments from the western Indian sector of Southern Ocean in order to evaluate the potential foraminiferal secondary calcification and/or dissolution in the sediment. It is found that the symbiotic foraminiferal species are abundant in the subtropical region, whereas non-symbiotic species dominate in the sub-Antarctic and polar frontal regions. The distribution of the symbiotic and non-symbiotic foraminiferal species is controlled by temperature, salinity, light, nutrients and phytoplankton biomass. There is also a lateral southern extent in abundance of planktic foraminifera from surface sediments to plankton tows. The shell weights of the planktic foraminifera N. pachyderma, G. bulloides and G. ruber within the surface sediments are on an average heavier by 27%, 34% and 40% respectively than shells of the same size within the plankton tows, indicative of secondary calcification. The planktic foraminiferal isotopes show the presence of heavier isotopes in the surface sediment foraminifera as compared to plankton tows, thus confirming secondary calcification. Secondary calcification in G. ruber occurs in the euphotic zone, whereas in case of N. pachyderma and G. bulloides it is at deeper depths. We also observed a decrease in the shell spines in surface sediment foraminifera as compared to plankton tows, indicative of the morphological changes that foraminifera underwent during gametogenesis.  相似文献   

Magnetosonic waveguide model of solar wind flow tubes     

A. K. Srivastava  B. N. Dwivedi 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2006,27(2-3):353-359

We consider solar wind flow tubes as a magnetosonic wave-guide. Assuming a symmetric expansion in edges of slab-modelled wave-guide, we study the propagation characteristics of magnetosonic wave in the solar wind flow tubes. We present the preliminary results and discuss their implications.  相似文献   

Fractal analysis of quartz grain boundary sutures in a granite (Malanjkhand,Central India) — Implications to infer regional tectonics     

Sukhen Majumder  Manish A. Mamtani 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(3):309-319

In the present paper the intensity of serration of quartz grain boundary sutures in the Palaeoproterozoic age Malanjkhand granite (Central India) is quantified using the ruler method of fractal analyses. The northern margin of the granite has proximity to the Central Indian Suture (CIS) that forms the southernmost part of Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) along which amalgamation of the northern and southern Indian shields took place. The fractal dimension (D) of the quartz sutures is calculated in 13 samples collected at varying distance from the CIS. D values are noted to increase in samples towards the CIS. This demonstrates the influence of the tectonic events along the CIS on fabric development in the Malanjkhand granite. Magmatic fabric defined by preferentially oriented feldspar laths and high-T solid-state deformation fabrics are observed in areas distant from the CIS. In contrast, mylonites and low-T fabrics such as bulging quartz grain boundaries occur in proximity to the CIS. It is inferred that the emplacement and high-T fabric development in the Malanjkhand granite was synchronous with regional accretionary processes that occurred in the region during the Palaeoproterozoic. Two different possibilities, one involving a single tectonic event and the other involving multiple tectonic events are discussed to explain the superimposition of low-T over high-T fabric due to which intensity of quartz grain boundary serration increases towards the CIS.  相似文献   

Time relationship between regional deformation and fabric development in the Peralimala pluton,South India — Inferences from magnetic fabric     

K. R. Praveen  V. Prasannakumar  Manish A. Mamtani 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(6):803-812

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is investigated in samples of Peralimala (PM) pluton (ca. 550 Ma) and adjacent gneiss, gabbro, mylonite and amphibolite from the Moyar Shear Zone (MSZ), Southern Granulite Terrane (SGT) with an aim to decipher the time-relationship between fabric development in the pluton and regional tectonics. Magnetic foliation recorded in the PM pluton is sub-parallel to the WNW-ESE striking MSZ. Magnetic foliation and lineation trajectories are sigmoidal and curve into the shear zone. A dextral sense of shear is deciphered from the trajectories, which is similar to that reported within the MSZ in some earlier studies. It is inferred that the PM pluton has developed post-emplacement deformation-fabric related to reactivation of the MSZ during Pan-African age. Based on the data and existing information about regional tectonics of the area, the possibility of the (a) PM pluton being a Deformed Alkali Rock and Carbonatite (DARC) and (b) MSZ marking an ancient suture zone, is discussed.  相似文献   

Experimental determination of photostability and fluorescence‐based detection of PAHs on the Martian surface     

Lewis R. DARTNELL  Manish R. PATEL  Michael C. STORRIE‐LOMBARDI  John M. WARD  Jan‐Peter MULLER 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2012,47(5):806-819

Abstract– Even in the absence of any biosphere on Mars, organic molecules, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are expected on its surface due to delivery by comets and meteorites of extraterrestrial organics synthesized by astrochemistry, or perhaps in situ synthesis in ancient prebiotic chemistry. Any organic compounds exposed to the unfiltered solar ultraviolet spectrum or oxidizing surface conditions would have been readily destroyed, but discoverable caches of Martian organics may remain shielded in the subsurface or within surface rocks. We have studied the stability of three representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a Mars chamber, emulating the ultraviolet spectrum of unfiltered sunlight under temperature and pressure conditions of the Martian surface. Fluorescence spectroscopy is used as a sensitive indicator of remaining PAH concentration for laboratory quantification of molecular degradation rates once exposed on the Martian surface. Fluorescence‐based instrumentation has also been proposed as an effective surveying method for prebiotic organics on the Martian surface. We find the representative PAHs, anthracene, pyrene, and perylene, to have persistence half‐lives once exposed on the Martian surface of between 25 and 60 h of noontime summer UV irradiation, as measured by fluorescence at their peak excitation wavelength. This equates to between 4 and 9.6 sols when the diurnal cycle of UV light intensity on the Martian surface is taken into account, giving a substantial window of opportunity for detection of organic fluorescence before photodegradation. This study thus supports the use of fluorescence‐based instrumentation for surveying recently exposed material (such as from cores or drill tailings) for native Martian organic molecules in rover missions.  相似文献   

Experimental assessment and prediction of temporal scour depth around a spur dike   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Manish Pandey  Manousos Valyrakis  Meilan Qi  Anurag Sharma  Ajay Singh Lodhi 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(1):17-28

Spur dikes are river training structures that have been extensively used worldwide for towards enhancing flood control and the stability of embankments and riverbanks.However,scour around spur dikes can be a major problem affecting their stability and hydraulic performance.The precise computation of temporal scour depth at spur dikes is very important for the design of economical and safe spur dikes.This study focuses on experimentally assessing the temporal variation of scour depth around a vertical wall spur dike and identifying the parameters,which mostly influence spur dike performance for a channel bed surface comprised of sand-gravel mixtures.In the current study,the authors did physical experiments in a flume based study to obtain new data,aimed at deriving a new predictive model for spur dike scour and comparing its performance to others found in the literature.It was found that the dimensionless temporal scour depth variation increases with an increase in(i)the threshold velocity ratio,(ii)the densimetric Froude number of the bed surface sediment mixture,(iii)the flow shallowness(defined as the ratio of the approach flow depth,y,to the spur dike’s transverse length,l),and(iv)the flow depth-particle size ratio.It is also concluded that the temporal scour depth variation in the sediment mixture is influenced by the non-uniformity of sediment and decreases with an increase in the non-uniformity of the sediment mixture.A new mathematical model is derived for the estimation of temporal scour depths in sand-gravel sediment mixtures.The proposed equation has been calibrated and validated with the experimental data,demonstrating a good predictive capacity for the estimation of temporal scour depth evolution.  相似文献   

Quantifying groundwater sensitivity and resilience over peninsular India     

Nikhil Kumar  Jhilam Sinha  Chandra A. Madramootoo  Manish Kumar Goyal 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5327-5339

Groundwater in India plays an important role to support livelihoods and maintain ecosystems and the present rate of depletion of groundwater resources poses a serious threat to water security. Yet, the sensitivity of the hydrological processes governing groundwater recharge to climate variability remains unclear in the region. Here we assess the groundwater sensitivity (precipitation–recharge relationship) and its potential resilience towards climatic variability over peninsular India using a conceptual water balance model and a convex model, respectively in 54 catchments over peninsular India. Based on the model performance using a comprehensive approach (Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency [NSE], bias and variability), 24 out of 54 catchments are selected for assessment of groundwater sensitivity and its resilience. Further, a systematic approach is used to understand the changes in resilience on a temporal scale based upon the convex model and principle of critical slowing down theory. The results of the study indicate that the catchments with higher mean groundwater sensitivity (GWS) encompass high variability in GWS over the period (1988–2011), thus indicating the associated vulnerability towards hydroclimatic disturbances. Moreover, it was found that the catchments pertaining to a lower magnitude of mean resilience index incorporates a high variability in resilience index over the period (1993–2007), clearly illustrating the inherent vulnerability of these catchments. The resilience of groundwater towards climatic variability and hydroclimatic disturbances that is revealed by groundwater sensitivity is essential to understand the future impacts of changing climate on groundwater and can further facilitate effective adaptation strategies.  相似文献   

Density and temperature diagnostics of solar emission lines from NeV/MgV and SiVII/MgVII Ions     

Anita Mohan  B. N. Dwivedi  P. K. Raju 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》1999,20(1-2):51-65

We present NeV/MgV and SiVII/MgVII theoretical line intensity ratios as a function of electron densityN _e and temperatureT _e . These are shown in the form of ratio-ratio diagrams, which should in principle allow bothN _e andT _e to be deduced for the emitting region of the solar plasma. We apply these diagnostics in the solar atmosphere, and discuss the available observations made from space. In most cases, however, we deduceN _e andT _e from the computed absolute line intensities in a spherically symmetric model atmosphere of the Sun. Possible future applications of this investigation to spectral data from the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) are briefly discussed.  相似文献   

Municipal Wastewater Treatment Using Moringa oleifera Seed and Press Cake Powder: A Comparative Analysis     

Arti Thanki  Hirendrasinh Padhiyar  Nitin Kumar Singh  Manish Yadav  Johnson Christian 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2023,51(3):2100336

Moringa oleifera (MO), also known as drumstick tree, has gained worldwide attention among researchers and policy makers, for showing its remarkable potential in environmental management. Recently, MO seed or press cake (a by-product of oil extraction industry) powder has also emerged as an alternative and promising coagulant for environmental remediation. In this view, attempts have been made in this study to evaluate the efficacy of MO seed and press cake powder (MSP & PCP) for the treatment of municipal wastewater. Both MSP and PCP are characterized by using swelling ratio, scanning and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The effect of various operational parameters such as coagulation–flocculation pH (2–10), coagulant dosage (0.1–1 g L⁻¹), and sedimentation time (0–180 min), etc., is investigated to understand the potential of MSP and PCP. At optimized operational conditions, sedimentation kinetics is also performed suggesting that the treatment process is being governed by the second-order kinetic model. The chemical and biological oxygen demand removals at optimized conditions are observed as follows: ≈38 and ≈73% for MSP and ≈47 and ≈85% for PCP. Overall, the results of the present study elucidated that PCP can be employed as a promising alternative of MSP for municipal wastewater with improved treatment efficiencies.  相似文献