Giant radio pulses from the millisecond pulsar PSR B1937+21 at 327 MHz     

M. Vivekanand 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,332(1):55-58

Seven giant radio pulses were recorded from the millisecond pulsar PSR B1937+21 during ≈8.1 min observation by the Ooty Radio Telescope (ORT) at 326.5 MHz. Although sparse, these observations support most of the giant pulse behaviour reported at higher radio frequencies (430 to 2380 MHz). Within the main component of the integrated profile, they are emitted only in a narrow (≲47 μs) window of pulse phase, close to its peak. This has important implications for doing super-high precision timing of PSR B1937+21 at low radio frequencies.  相似文献   

Shoreline spatial and temporal response to natural and human effects in Boujagh National Park,Iran     

Morteza Karimi  Jamal Mohammad Vali Samani  Mehdi Mazaheri 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(5):582-592

Shoreline variation and river deltas are among the most dynamic systems in marine environments. The related different variations in spatial and temporal scales play significant roles in land planning and different management applications. Modeling the dynamics of seashore of Boujagh National Park (BNP) which is located on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea in the Sefidrud Delta (SD), considering natural and anthropogenic factors, was the main objective of the current study. To achieve this goal, a combination of remote sensing data, historical data, and numerical simulations was utilized. The BNP covers an area of 3,270 ha and includes two international wetlands, Boujagh and Kiashahr. In earlier periods, this area faced severe morphological changes whereas recently its shoreline has experienced gradual variations. Accordingly, at the first stage, the shoreline variation from 2006 to 2017 was extracted by processing and classifying Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thematic Mapper (TM) images from Landsat satellites using the Maximum Likelihood approach. In the second stage, the two dimensional MIKE21 model was utilized to identify wave and coastal current patterns and parameters for the year 2015. Morphologically, the results showed that, the shoreline of the BNP is affected by several natural and anthropogenic factors. Seaward advancement of the shoreline occurred in zones A (east zone) and C (west zone) due to Caspian Sea Level drop and sedimentation while retreating occurred at Zone B (north zone) influenced by wave and current patterns and reduction of the Sefidrud River flows. Also, the results imply that maintaining the existing conditions results in the disappearance of a considerable part of the ecological area in the BNP. Hence, to manage and preserve the coastline of the BNP complying with the current anthropogenic and natural factors, it is vital to take necessary management measures.  相似文献   

Inter-comparison of cosmogenic in-situ He, Ne and Cl at low latitude along an altitude transect on the SE slope of Kilimanjaro volcano (3°S, Tanzania)     

Irene Schimmelpfennig  Alice Williams  Raphaël Pik  Pete Burnard  Samuel Niedermann  Robert Finkel  Björn Schneider  Lucilla Benedetti 《Quaternary Geochronology》2011,6(5):425-436

Because the intensity and energy spectrum of the cosmic ray flux are affected by atmospheric depth and geomagnetic-field strength, cosmogenic nuclide production rates increase considerably with altitude and to a lesser degree with latitude. The scaling methods used to account for spatial variability in production rates assume that all cosmogenic nuclides have the same altitude dependence. In this study we evaluate whether the production rates of cosmogenic ³⁶Cl, ³He and ²¹Ne change differently with altitude, which is plausible due to the different threshold energies of their production reactions. If so, nuclide-specific scaling factors would be required.Concentrations of the three cosmogenic nuclides were determined in mafic phenocrysts over an altitude transect between 1000 and 4300 m at Kilimanjaro volcano (3°S). Altitude dependence of relative production rates was assessed in two ways: by determination of concentration ratios and by calculation of apparent exposure age ratios for all nuclide pairs. The latter accounts for characteristics of ³⁶Cl that the stable nuclides ³He and ²¹Ne do not possess (radioactive decay, high sensitivity to mineral composition and significant contributions from production reactions other than spallation). All ratios overlap within error over the entire transect, and altitudinal variation in relative production rates is not therefore evident. This suggests that nuclide-specific scaling factors are not required for the studied nuclides at this low-latitude location. However, because previous studies have documented anomalous altitude-dependent variations in ³He production at mid-latitude sites, the effect of latitude on cross-calibrations should be further evaluated.We determined cosmogenic ²¹Ne/³He concentration ratios of 0.1864 ± 0.0085 in pyroxenes and 0.377 ± 0.018 in olivines, agreeing with those reported in previous studies.Despite the absence of independently determined ages for the studied lava surfaces, the consistency in the dataset should enable progress to be made in the determination of the production rates of all three nuclides as soon as the production rate of one of the nuclides has been accurately defined.To our knowledge this is the first time that ³⁶Cl has been measured in pyroxene. The Cl extraction method was validated by measuring ³⁶Cl in co-existing plagioclase phenocrysts in one of the samples.  相似文献   

2012年7月21日北京特大暴雨过程的水汽输送特征   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王婧羽  崔春光  王晓芳  崔文君 《气象》2014,40(2):133-145

利用NCEP再分析资料,根据水汽收支方程计算2012年7月21日北京特大暴雨时期华北东北部暴雨区域的水汽收支情况并分析水汽输送特征。得到以下结论:经向水汽输送在此次暴雨过程中起主要作用,暴雨区内水汽主要来源于中、低层(500 hPa以下)的南边界。暴雨区内水汽的辐合与暴雨发生的时间和空间具有较好一致性,在低层水汽的辐合起主要作用,中高层水汽垂直输送作用更为显著。HYSPLIT后向轨迹模拟得到的结果显示根据水汽源地划分影响此次暴雨过程水汽输送路径主要有:从孟加拉湾、南海地区处于中低层直接北上的西南路径,以及中层以下从我国东部海域(黄海、东海为主)进入内陆之后北折向东北偏北方向运动的L形高湿路径;同时高层沿着西风带西北路径的干空气输送也对此次强降水有重要影响。三者中从东部海域到达暴雨区的水汽贡献率最大,而孟加拉湾、南海的水汽输送对于此次强降水起到了明显的增强作用。  相似文献   

1960—2014年广东省干旱时空演变特征     

王水寒  邱建秀  王大刚 《热带地理》2020,40(2):357-366

利用1960—2014年广东省24个气象站点的逐日降水资料,采用下次降水平均等待时间（Average Waiting Time for Precipitation, AWTP）计算得到的相当干期（Equivalent Dry Period, EDP）指数分析了广东省1960—2014年的干旱时空特性,重点分析其自21世纪以来的干旱时空演变趋势。结果表明：EDP指数能够较好地适用于本研究区。从空间分布上看,广东省干旱大致呈现自西向东、自北向南逐渐加重的空间分布格局,东南部沿海地区干旱程度较粤北和粤西地区更为严重。1960—2014年广东省干旱有明显的年代际的变化特征,且干旱程度存在显著的逐年加重趋势。此外,广东省存在典型的季节性干旱,秋旱和冬旱频发,其次是春旱;各季的干旱中心位置有所不同。21世纪以来广东省干旱的发生频率、强度和影响面积都远超20世纪后半叶。具体而言,进入21世纪,珠三角东部东源站和粤西云浮市罗定站的EDP值明显增高,成为广东省新的干旱中心。从季节性干旱的角度分析,21世纪以来,秋季与冬季的旱情加剧最为严重并向全省蔓延,秋、冬季EDP值在21世纪初期相对20世纪后半叶的增幅都为23%。春旱则是逐年缓慢加重,夏旱在1960—2014年较少,但进入21世纪后广东省夏旱也呈现频发的态势。  相似文献   

Impacts of environmental stressors on the water resources of intensively managed hydrologic systems          下载免费PDF全文

Alejandra Botero‐Acosta  Maria L. Chu  Andrew J. Stumpf 《水文研究》2018,32(19):2947-2962

Watersheds are complex systems due to their surface and subsurface spatially connected water fluxes and biochemical processes that shape Earth's critical zone. In intensively managed landscapes, the implementation of watershed management practices (WMPs) regulate their short‐term responses, whereas climate variability controls the long‐term processes. Understanding their responses to anthropogenic and natural stressors requires a holistic approach that takes into account their multiscale spatio‐temporal linkages. The objective of this study was to simulate the impacts of spatially and temporally varying WMPs and projected climate changes on the surface and groundwater resources in the Upper Sangamon River Basin (USRB), a watershed in central Illinois greatly impacted by agricultural and industrial operations. The physically based hydrologic model MIKE‐SHE was used to simulate the hydrologic responses of the basin to different WMPs and climatic conditions. The simulation of a WMP was varied spatially across the basin to determine the spectrum of responses and critical conditions. In general, the wetlands and forested riparian buffer scenarios were found to cause a reduction in the average streamflow, whereas crop rotation had varied responses depending on the location of implementation and the climate condition assumed. Reductions of up to 30% in the average streamflow were found for the forested riparian buffer under the ESM 2M climate projections, whereas an increase of up to 13% with the crop rotation schemes under CM3 climate was predicted. The model results showed that the installation of tile drains across the USRB increased the water table depth (from ground level) by up to 56%, making crop production possible. Groundwater level in USRB appeared to be more sensitive to future climatic conditions than to WMP implementation. The impacts of WMPs are determined to depend on the climate conditions under which they are applied. Investigating individual and combined stressors' effects over the critical zone at a watershed scale can lead to a more comprehensive analysis of the risk and trade‐offs in every managerial decision that will enable an efficient use of resources.  相似文献   

利用倒谱辅助识别终止相——以9·21集集地震为例     

于洪波 《地震地磁观测与研究》2012,33(3):214-217

应用倒谱对终止相识别的理论依据,根据厦门地震遥测中心记录的9·21集集地震进行实例分析,认为倒谱分析可以辅助识别终止相,结合传统的终止相走时特征和动力学特征识别方法,进而提高终止相识别的准确度。  相似文献   

2010—2100年淮河径流量变化情景预估   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

高超  曾小凡  苏布达  闻余华  朱进  吴必文 《气候变化研究进展》2010,6(1):15-21

根据淮河流域14个气象站点1964—2007年观测降水量与温度数据和ECHAM5/MPI-OM模式在3种排放情景下对该流域2001—2100年的气候预估,利用人工神经网络模型预估淮河蚌埠站2010—2100年逐月径流量变化。计算结果表明:3种排放情景下2010—2100年淮河径流量年际变化幅度差异较大,SRES-A2情景总体处于波动上升趋势,其中2051—2085年上升趋势显著;SRES-A1B情景2024—2037年年平均流量显著降低;SRES-B1情景年平均流量的变率甚小。季节分析表明:春季径流量在2010—2100年变幅最小,距平百分率在-15.1%～18.6%之间小幅波动。夏季平均流量在2040年代前呈下降趋势,之后小幅波动上升。秋、冬季平均流量SRES-A2和SRES-A1B情景变幅显著,其中,秋季SRES-A2情景2060年代距平百分率下降达50.6%,为3种情景下各季节径流量降幅之最;冬季SRES-A1B情景2050年代其增幅达到54.7%,亦为上升幅度之最。  相似文献   

宇宙成因核素~(21)Ne测年原理和应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

马严  武颖  庞建章  张会平  郑德文 《地震地质》2015,37(1)

宇宙成因核素测年方法在地表暴露测年和沉积物埋藏测年方面均具有重要应用价值,还可用于定量计算地表侵蚀、地形抬升和河流下切等反映气候及构造运动影响的地表过程速率,对研究地球各圈层之间的相互作用关系具有重要意义,是第四纪年代学领域中一种重要的测年方法。与放射性宇宙成因核素10Be、26Al相比,稳定核素21Ne在地表暴露定年方面具有测年范围宽、测年材料选择范围广、测试所需样品量少、前处理过程简单等优点。通过与放射性核素的结合使用,稳定核素21Ne还可用于沉积物的埋藏测年,并具有比10Be-26Al埋藏测年法更高的测年上限和测年精度。稳定核素21Ne测年方法的应用在国内尚处于起步阶段,但可以预见,这一方法将以其独特的优势在第四纪地质学、地貌演化及活动构造等诸多研究领域得到广泛的应用。  相似文献   

晋县凹陷未熟蒸发岩沉积物中C22-C27甾烯和C24-C30四环萜烷的检出     

陈腾水  徐忠辉  刘菊  卢鸿  盛国英  彭平安  Kliti Grice  Paul Greenwood 《地球化学》2009,38(3):289-298

晋县凹陷赵芯2井（2459m,Ezk）低熟蒸发岩样品中检出了异常分布的C22-C27甾烯和C24-C30四环萜烷（17,21-断藿烷）,但在同井更深、成熟度相对更高的沉积物中并未检出。实测镜质组反射率R^0=0．43％以及芳烃馏分中有高丰度的苯并噻吩和多烷基化的二苯并噻吩,说明热催化作用成因是不可能的,微生物参与成为最可能的生成途经。沉积抽提物未显示出常规生物降解的痕迹,因此这些化合物很可能是在早期成岩阶段特定微生物作用的结果。该区油样中检出的C21-C29甾烷的特征与同时检出的C22-C27甾烯特征一致,进一步表明微生物作用的可能性;高丰度的C24-C30四环萜烷（17,21-断藿烷）和常规藿烷、甲基藿烷相匹配,以及高丰度的C22-C27甾烯和规则甾烷缺失相匹配,特别是芳烃馏分中多取代二苯并噻吩类有机含硫化合物的检出,均表明异常分布的C22-C27甾烯与C24-C30四环萜烷类似,很可能是早期成岩阶段微生物改造作用下的产物。  相似文献