内陆水体叶绿素a浓度反演的区域化三波段模型研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李方  徐京萍  马荣华  段洪涛  张柏 《遥感学报》2011,15(6):1163-1179

以太湖和石头口门水库为例,建立了一种可直接计算水体叶绿素a浓度的区域化三波段模型。该模型通过对研究水体的光学特性分析,明确三波段组合与叶绿素a浓度间的函数关系参数,不仅可较好指示研究水体叶绿素a浓度水平,而且大大减小了回归算法所带来的模型不确定性。利用高精度、长时间序列的水体光学特性观测数据,建立针对不同研究水体的区域化三波段模型可为实现内陆水体叶绿素a浓度遥感监测业务化运行提供方法借鉴。  相似文献   

基于CryoSat-2雷达高度计数据的南极内陆冰盖高程变化与物质平衡     

韩少帅  柯长青  夏文韬 《冰川冻土》2019,41(1):19-26

南极冰盖对海平面影响巨大,高程变化测量是南极物质平衡监测的重要手段。采用欧空局CryoSat-2雷达高度计数据,通过提取卫星升降轨的地面交叉点,监测了南极内陆冰盖的高程变化（物质平衡）。结果表明,后向散射能量对Ku波段的CryoSat-2雷达高度计的高程数据具有一定的影响,经后向散射能量校正后,时间序列上的高程变化变得平缓,高程变化与已有的降雪数据相比,更加符合实际情况。2010年11月至2017年11月南极内陆冰盖高程变化趋势为（-1.1±0.2）cm·a^-1。西南极的Kamb冰流高程变化率为（38.7±1.1）cm·a^-1,Moeller冰流高程变化率为（-10.3±1.2）cm·a^-1,部分Thwaites冰川区域高程变化率为（-13.4±1.8）cm·a^-1,东南极的Wilkes Land出现高下降区,最高达-20 cm·a^-1。Dronning Maud Land虽然出现变化异常的点,但整体并没有显著的高程变化。南极内陆冰盖质量变化为（-10.6±6.2）Gt·a^-1,整体上南极内陆冰盖质量变化平缓,部分区域变化较大,Kamb冰流达到（17.9±0.5）Gt·a^-1,Moeller冰流达到（-3.4±0.4）Gt·a^-1,部分Thwaites冰川区达到（-3.7±0.5）Gt·a^-1。  相似文献   

甘肃省河西内陆河流量长期变化特征   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

冯建英  李栋梁 《气候与环境研究》2001,6(4):478-484

利用甘肃省河西地区3条主要内陆河石羊河、黑河、疏勒河40余年的流量资料以及河西走廊地区和祁连山区气象资料对河西地区内陆河流量的长期变化特征进行了分析,并对所获结果进行了讨论,得到一些有意义的结论.  相似文献   

Biogeochemistry of dissolved carbon,major, and trace elements during spring flood periods on the Ob River     

Sergey N. Vorobyev  Oleg S. Pokrovsky  Larisa G. Kolesnichenko  Rinat M. Manasypov  Liudmila S. Shirokova  Jan Karlsson  Sergey N. Kirpotin 《水文研究》2019,33(11):1579-1594

Detailed knowledge of the flood period of Arctic rivers remains one of the few factors impeding rigorous prediction of the effect of climate change on carbon and related element fluxes from the land to the Arctic Ocean. In order to test the temporal and spatial variability of element concentration in the Ob River (western Siberia) water during flood period and to quantify the contribution of spring flood period to the annual element export, we sampled the main channel year round in 2014–2017 for dissolved C, major, and trace element concentrations. We revealed high stability (approximately ≤10% relative variation) of dissolved C, major, and trace element concentrations in the Ob River during spring flood period over a 1‐km section of the river channel and over 3 days continuous monitoring (3‐hr frequency). We identified two groups of elements with contrasting relationship to discharge: (a) DIC and soluble elements (Cl, SO₄, Li, B, Na, Mg, Ca, P, V, Cr, Mn, As, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ba, W, and U) negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with discharge and exhibited minimal concentrations during spring flood and autumn high flow and (b) DOC and particle‐reactive elements (Al, Fe, Ti, Y, Zr, Nb, Cs, REEs, Hf, Tl, Pb, and Th), some nutrients (K), and metalloids (Ge, Sb, and Te), positively correlated (p < 0.05) with discharge and showed the highest concentrations during spring flood. We attribute the decreased concentration of soluble elements with discharge to dilution by groundwater feeding and increased concentration of DOC and particle‐reactive metals with discharge to leaching from surface soil, plant litter, and suspended particles. Overall, the present study provides first‐order assessment of fluxes of major and trace elements in the middle course of the Ob River, reveals their high temporal and spatial stability, and characterizes the mechanism of river water chemical composition acquisition.  相似文献   

Prediction of vegetation anomalies over an inland river basin in north‐western China          下载免费PDF全文

Jing Fu  Jun Niu  Bellie Sivakumar 《水文研究》2018,32(12):1814-1827

Vegetation cover plays an important role in linking the atmosphere, water, and land and is deemed as a key indicator in the terrestrial ecological system. Therefore, it is of great importance to monitor vegetation dynamics and understand the mechanisms of vegetation change, including that driven by climate change. This study examines (a) the evolution of vegetation dynamics over the Heihe River Basin in the typical arid zone in north‐western China using nonparametric Mann–Kendall test and Thiel Sen's slope; (b) the relationships between remotely sensed vegetation indices (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI] and enhanced vegetation index [EVI]) and hydroclimatic variables based on correlation analysis; and (c) the prediction of vegetation anomalies using a multiple linear regression model. For the analysis, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer NDVI/EVI product and the gridded daily meteorological data at a spatial resolution of 0.125° over the period 2001–2010 are considered. The results indicate that vegetation cover improved over a large proportion during 2001–2010, with a significant trend towards warm and wet, characterized by an increase in average annual temperature and precipitation by 0.042 °C/year and 5.8 mm/year, respectively. We test the feasibility of NDVI and EVI in quantifying the responses of vegetation anomaly to climate change and develop a statistical model to predict vegetation dynamics in the basin. The NDVI‐based model is found to be more reliable than the EVI‐based model, partly due to the vegetation characteristics and geomorphologic properties of the study region. The proposed model performs well when there is no lag time between meteorological factors and vegetation indices for grassland and cropland, whereas 1‐month lead time prediction is found to be best for forest. The soil water content is introduced as an extra explanatory variable, which effectively improves the prediction accuracy for different land use types. In general, the predictive ability of the proposed model is stable and satisfactory, and the model can provide useful early warning information for regional water resources management under changing climate.  相似文献   

大伙房水库及浑河1∶2000水下地形测量项目的开展     

邰占宇 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,40(5)

主要介绍了大伙房水库及浑河水下地形测量项目开展的工作要点与作业流程,着重对实际测绘过程中发现的问题及处理方法进行了系统的论述。  相似文献   

航测立体采集在水库河流测量中的应用     

孙悦 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(4)

自古以来,水库和河流等水利工程就是一件关系着国计民生的大事。水库的库容及水库的调度,河流的河道情况,关系到防洪安全、水库区及河流两岸居民的居住环境的变化和蓄水兴利。本文介绍了大中型水库库区范围内,以及沿河两岸地物、地貌的航空摄影的内业采集及采集过程中所遇到的困难以及解决办法。  相似文献   

A STUDY OF RAPID DECAY TYPHOONS IN OFFSHORE WATERS OF CHINA     

郑峰  曾智华  雷小途  陈联寿  杨涛  朱景 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2017,23(4):471-480

On the basis of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and yearbooks of CMA tropical cyclones, statistical analysis is performed for 1949—2013 offshore typhoons subjected to rapid decay(RD). This analysis indicates that RD typhoons are small-probability events, making up about 2.2% of the total offshore typhoons during this period. The RD events experience a decadal variation, mostly in the 1960 s and 1970 s(maximal in the 1970 s), rapidly decrease in the 1980 s and 1990 s and quickly increase from 2000. Also, RD typhoons show remarkable seasonal differences: they arise mainly in April and July-December, with the prime stage being in October-November. The offshore RD typhoons occur mostly in the South China Sea(SCS) and to a lesser extent in the East China Sea(ECS); however, none are observed over the Huang Sea and Bo Sea.Composite analysis and dynamic diagnosis of the RD typhoon-related large-scale circulations are performed.Physical quantities of the composite analysis consist of 500-h Pa height and temperature fields, vapor transfer, vertical wind shear(VWS), density of core convection(DCC), and high-level jet and upper-air outflow of the typhoon. The results suggest that(1) at the 500-h Pa height field, the typhoon is ahead of a westerly trough and under the effects of its passing trough;(2) at the temperature field, the typhoon is ahead of a temperature trough, with an invading cold tongue present;(3) at the vapor transfer field, water transfer into the RD typhoon is cut off; and(4) at higher levels, the related jet weakens and the outbreak of convection becomes attenuated in the typhoon core. In addition, VWS bears a relation to the RD typhoon; in particular, strong VWS favors RD occurrence.The differences in RD events between the SCS and ECS show that for the RD, the VWS of the ECS environmental winds is markedly stronger in comparison with its SCS counterpart. The cold advection invading into the typhoons is more intense in the SCS than in the ECS, and the low-level vapor transfer and high-level outflow are weaker in the SCS RD typhoons.Data analysis shows that sea surface temperature(SST), VWS, and DCC can be employed as efficient factors to predict RD occurrence. With appropriate SST, VWS, and DCC, a warning of RD occurrence can be given 36, 30-36,and 30 h, respectively, in advance. These values suggest that atmospheric SST responses lag. Owing to this time lag,the prediction of RD typhoons is possible.  相似文献   

An Abrupt Rainfall Decrease over the Asian Inland Plateau Region around 1999 and the Possible Underlying Mechanism     

Jinling PIAO  Wen CHEN  Ke WEI  Yong LIU  Hans-F. GRAF  Joong-Bae AHN  Alexander POGORELTSEV 《大气科学进展》2017,34(4):456-468

A decadal change in summer rainfall in the Asian inland plateau(AIP) region is identified around 1999. This decadal change is characterized by an abrupt decrease in summer rainfall of about 15.7% of the climatological average amount,leading to prolonged drought in the Asian inland plateau region. Both the surface air temperature and potential evapotranspiration in the AIP show a significant increase, while the soil moisture exhibits a decrease, after the late 1990s. Furthermore,the normalized difference vegetation index shows an apparent decreasing trend during 1999–2007. Three different drought indices—the standardized precipitation index, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, and the self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index—present pronounced climate anomalies during 1999–2007, indicating dramatic drought exacerbation in the region after the late 1990s. This decadal change in the summer rainfall may be attributable to a wave-like teleconnection pattern from Western Europe to Asia. A set of model sensitivity experiments suggests that the summer warming sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic could induce this teleconnection pattern over Eurasia, resulting in recent drought in the AIP region.  相似文献   

Seasonal Study of Methane and Nitrous Oxide in the Coastal Waters of the Southern Baltic Sea   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

H.W. Bange  S. Dahlke  R. Ramesh  L.-A. Meyer-Reil  S. Rapsomanikis  M.O. Andreae 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1998,47(6):807-817

Atmospheric and dissolved methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) were measured in the unique coastal ecosystem of theBoddenwaters, including the western Oder estuary, (southern Baltic Sea) during five campaigns between 1994 and 1997. The CH₄saturations, ranging from 105–15 500%, showed great spatial and temporal variability with maximum values in September and minimum values in December. The N₂O saturations were in the range of 91–312% with a maximum in March. Enhanced concentrations of both gases were observed only in the western Oder estuary near the mouth of the Peene River. Thus, we conclude that the distributions of CH₄and N₂O in the investigatedBoddenwaters are, directly or indirectly, linked to the Peene River runoff and not to the Oder River. Our estimate of the annual CH₄emissions from theBoddenwaters to the atmosphere indicates a significant contribution (c. 17%) to the overall CH₄emissions from the Baltic Sea. In contrast, theBoddenwaters represent only a small source for atmospheric N₂O.CH₄production rates estimated from sediment slurry experiments revealed a significant spatial variability and indicated that methanogenic activity was related to acetate consumption in the surface sediment layer. Sedimentary CH₄production might depend on different amounts of accumulation of organic material.  相似文献