C_4植物的出现与全球环境变化   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

韩家懋  王国安  刘东生 《地学前缘》2002,9(1):233-243

C4 光合作用途径 (C4 植物 )的出现和随后的扩展 ,是发生在新生代晚期的重大事件。这一事件是晚新生代全球环境演化的产物。C4 植物在某些生态系统中占据主导地位 ,又通过食物链 ,影响了动物 ,特别是食草动物的演化。以C4 植物为主的干草原环境甚至与人类的起源有着某种成因上的联系。C4 植物的出现对中新世以来全球环境变化和现代环境格局形成过程具有特殊的意义。文中就C4 植物出现和扩展的时间、C4 植物的分布和生态特征、C4 植物出现的环境背景、构造运动 ,特别是印度和欧亚板块碰撞以及由青藏高原强烈隆升引发的侵蚀作用和大气组分变化及其与C4 植物出现的联系等问题作了较为系统的综述。文章还介绍了中国北方现代草本植物的δ13 C值的最新研究结果 ,并就草本植物δ13 C值与环境参数之间可能的关系进行了初步讨论。  相似文献   

陕北地区动物骨骼的脂肪酸单体碳同位素分析     

孙诺杨  胡松梅  孙周勇  郭小宁  韩宾  杨益民 《第四纪研究》2022,42(1):69-79

基于动物油脂的脂肪酸单体碳同位素模型开展古代样品的脂肪酸单体碳同位素分析可细化脂肪来源,有助于探究动物资源的加工利用、相关载体的使用功能及先民饮食策略,从而为古代人类的生活方式和古代社会的经济形态提供重要信息.目前该模型已得到国外诸多地区现代动物样品的验证,但其在中国的适用性尚不明晰.文章对陕北地区石峁遗址和高家洼遗址...  相似文献   

Improving Coalbed Methane Recovery Ratio by Injecting Hot Carbon Bioxide     

CAI Jihu  YUAN Ye  GU Sui  LIU Hao 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):934-935

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东北平原土壤碳库构成及其与土壤性质的关系     

戴慧敏  刘驰  宫传东  成杭新  白荣杰  崔玉军  杨小波  冯雨林 《第四纪研究》2013,33(5)

东北平原土壤碳库构成具有典型特征:土壤有机碳密度(SOCD)由西部盐碱化、沙化平原向东部低山丘陵增高的趋势,由南向北显示增高趋势,无机碳密度(SICD)具有由西部盐碱化、沙化平原向东部低山丘陵降低的趋势;土壤碳库仍以有机碳为主,不同土壤类型中有机碳密度占总碳密度的56.14％～94.03％,有机碳和无机碳所占比例差别较大;有机碳与总氮呈明显的线性关系,无机碳与CaO呈较强相关性,二者与SiO2均呈较强的负相关性,表明土壤碳库受土壤组成及类型控制最为明显;土壤质地、pH值及其他土壤性质对土壤碳库也具有较大影响,有机碳及无机碳含量与pH值关系的散点图表现为“马鞍型”,但是形状存在微小差别,土壤无机碳含量受碱性条件控制更为明显.  相似文献   

A Review of the Scientific Assessment and Research on Household Carbon Emission     

Wang Qinhua  Zhang Zhiqiang  Qu Jiansheng 《地球科学进展》2013,28(12):1305-1312

Household consumption represents an important proportion of all energy consumption,and it is an important source of CO₂ emission. But household consumption and carbon emissions are often overlooked in climate change policies and measures. Through literature review, the research status of household consumption and carbon emissions were reviewed. On this basis, the main aspects and directions of the research are summarized and the main research of household carbon emissions should focus on three aspects in the future: ①The impact of income, consumption levels and other factors on household carbon emission; ②The relationship between direct and indirect carbon emissions of household carbon emission; ③The structure and source of household carbon emission. In future research, there are four issues which need in-depth study: ①Index and models study of household carbon emissions;②Impact of demographic change on household carbon emissions; ③The path of how to achieve sustainable and green urban lifestyle;④The relevant policy research of household carbon emissions.  相似文献   

西伯利亚北极河流有机碳输出特征及影响要素     

刘诗奇  王平  王田野  黄其威  于静洁 《地理学报》2021,76(5):1065-1077

河流有机碳输出是北极碳循环的重要组分,对气候变化十分敏感。本文利用ArcticGRO的径流及有机碳数据,通过数理统计分析等方法,对2004—2017年间俄罗斯西伯利亚地区的鄂毕河、叶尼塞河和勒拿河有机碳输出进行研究。结果显示：西伯利亚3大河流的年均有机碳输出总量约23 Tg,其中溶解有机碳（DOC）输出约18.55 Tg,占北极地区50%以上,接近颗粒有机碳（POC）输出的4倍。2009—2017年间的年均DOC输出量较1999—2008年存在较大差异,鄂毕河增加18%,叶尼塞河下降13%,而勒拿河增加了近70%。春、夏两季有机碳输出总量占全年85%以上,春季为有机碳输出高峰期,而在鄂毕河流域春、夏季贡献率相当。各流域河流有机碳输出特征不同且具有季节性变化,主要受径流、冻土及人类活动等的影响。其中,DOC输出总量在年际与季节性变化特征上均与径流变化呈显著正相关,随径流增加DOC浓度也相应增大;而多年冻土也因类型及分布差异对河流DOC与POC具有不同程度的影响。研究气候变化下的北极河流有机碳输出特征及影响要素,有助于深入理解北极河流有机碳输出对气候及环境变化的综合响应,为揭示气候变化下的北极碳循环过程奠定基础。  相似文献   

Spatial patterns and environmental factors influencing leaf carbon content in the forests and shrublands of China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hang Zhao  Li Xu  Qiufeng Wang  Jing Tian  Xuli Tang  Zhiyao Tang  Zongqiang Xie  Nianpeng He  Guirui Yu 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,28(6):791-801

Leaf carbon content (LCC) is widely used as an important parameter in estimating ecosystem carbon (C) storage, as well as for investigating the adaptation strategies of vegetation to their environment at a large scale. In this study, we used a dataset collected from forests (5119 plots) and shrublands (2564 plots) in China, 2011–2015. The plots were sampled following a consistent protocol, and we used the data to explore the spatial patterns of LCC at three scales: plot scale, eco-region scale (n = 24), and eco-region scale (n = 8). The average LCC of forests and shrublands combined was 45.3%, with the LCC of forests (45.5%) being slightly higher than that of shrublands (44.9%). Forest LCC ranged from 40.2% to 51.2% throughout the 24 eco-regions, while that of shrublands ranged from 35% to 50.1%. Forest LCC decreased with increasing latitude and longitude, whereas shrubland LCC decreased with increasing latitude, but increased with increasing longitude. The LCC increased, to some extent, with increasing temperature and precipitation. These results demonstrate the spatial patterns of LCC in the forests and shrublands at different scales based on field-measured data, providing a reference (or standard) for estimating carbon storage in vegetation at a regional scale.  相似文献   

1980s-2010s内蒙古草地表层土壤有机碳储量及其变化(英文)     

戴尔阜  翟瑞雪  葛全胜  吴秀芹 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,(6)

Soil carbon sequestration and potential has been a focal issue in global carbon research. Under the background of global change, the estimation of the size as well as its change of soil organic carbon(SOC) storage is of great importance. Based on soil data from the second national soil survey and field survey during 2011–2012, by using the regression method between sampling soil data and remote sensing data, this paper aimed to investigate spatial distribution and changes of topsoil(0–20 cm) organic carbon storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia between the 1980 s and 2010 s. The results showed that:(1) the SOC storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia between the 1980 s and 2010 s was estimated to be 2.05 and 2.17 Pg C, with an average density of 3.48 and 3.69 kg C·m–2, respectively. The SOC storage was mainly distributed in the typical steppe and meadow steppe, which accounted for over 98% of the total SOC storage. The spatial distribution showed a decreased trend from the meadow steppe, typical steppe to the desert steppe, corresponding to the temperature and precipitation gradient.(2) SOC changes during 1982–2012 were estimated to be 0.12 Pg C, at 7.00 g C·m–2·yr–1, which didn't show a significant change, indicating that SOC storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia remained relatively stable over this period. However, topsoil organic carbon showed different trends of carbon source/sink during the past three decades. Meadow steppe and typical steppe had sequestered 0.15 and 0.03 Pg C, respectively, served as a carbon sink; while desert steppe lost 0.06 Pg C, served as a carbon source. It appears that SOC storage in grassland ecosystem may respond differently to climate change, related to vegetation type, regional climate type and grazing intensity. These results might give advice to decision makers on adopting suitable countermeasures for sustainable grassland utilization and protection.  相似文献   

黄河源区土地沙漠化及其对土壤碳库的影响研究   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

曾永年  冯兆东 《中国沙漠》2008,28(2):208-211

沙漠化过程不仅影响着区域社会经济稳定、可持续发展,而且对地球表层物质循环和能量转换过程产生重要的影响。因此,沙漠化对草地生态系统土壤碳库汇效应有重要的影响。结合黄河源区沙漠化过程的定量研究,探讨土地沙漠化过程对高寒草甸生态系统土壤碳库的影响。研究结果表明,从1990—2000年黄河源区沙漠化不仅表现为面积的扩展,而且表现为沙漠化程度的加重,沙漠化扩展和程度加重面积达1 067.69 km²。根据野外实测土壤剖面样品的理化分析测试确定的不同沙漠化土地的土壤有机碳密度,结合沙漠化土地的变化,获得从1990—2000年黄河源区沙漠化导致土壤有机碳流失量达4.11×10⁶ t,每年从土壤中流失的有机碳平均为0.41×10⁶ t。认为自然与人为因素导致的青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统的退化,不仅影响了高原区域可持续发展,而且将由碳汇转变为碳源并对全球气候的变化产生重大的影响。  相似文献   

中国湿地土壤碳库保护与气候变化问题   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张旭辉  李典友  潘根兴  李恋卿  林凡  许信旺 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(04):202-208

中国湿地分布广, 类型丰富, 但存在着垦殖率高、碳密度较低、围垦损失严重等问题。估计我国湿地土壤碳库达8～10 Pg, 占全国陆地土壤总有机碳库的约1/10～1/8, 过去50 a间的损失可能达1.5 Pg。围垦和过度放牧是我国湿地土壤退化和碳库损失的主要驱动因子。目前,湿地土壤碳库保护面临严峻的挑战,从应对气候变化和保护人类生存环境的战略高度切实加强湿地资源保护,可以为增强陆地生态系统碳汇、探寻温室气体减排的潜在途径提供技术支持。  相似文献