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41.
Michael Wiedenbeck Dina Schulze Ilya Veksler 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2009,33(1):111-114
This short technical note describes a simple technique for synthesising an optimised binary glass for performing coarse mass table calibrations of secondary ion mass spectrometers. A Ge-Bi glass doped with five selected trace elements was used to anchor the entire mass table up to m/z ≥ 209 at an accuracy of < 0.5 dalton. Using this material it has been possible to calibrate coarsely the mass table of a Cameca ims 6f instrument in less than five minutes, thereby greatly simplifying the switch from low mass range to high mass range measurements. Although not suitable for the quantification of geological materials, the ease of synthesis and its utility for rapidly performing what is an otherwise time consuming process makes this material a useful tool for SIMS instruments which offer a multiple mass range capability. 相似文献
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Crushed recycled glass was evaluated as an alternative to silica sand in dual‐media filters. Pilot scale inline filtration experiments were carried out using raw waters from three different water sources with turbidities between 6.0 and 14.0 NTU. Two physically identical filter columns were operated in parallel in the experiments. One filter consisted of 62.5 cm silica sand and 41.5 cm anthracite coal, whereas the other filter contained 62.5 cm crushed recycled glass plus 41.5 cm anthracite coal. The total bed depth was 104 cm for both filters. The properties of the media were as follows: Glass effective size = 0.77 mm, uniformity coefficient = 1.41. Sand effective size = 0.79 mm, uniformity coefficient = 1.33. Coal effective size = 1.45 mm, uniformity coefficient = 1.39. Experiments were repeated five times as follows: (i) Without the use of a coagulant, (ii–iii) with 5 and 10 mg/L of alum, and (iv–v) with 5 and 10 mg/L of ferric chloride. The filtration rate used was 11.5 m/h. Turbidity, particle counts, and head losses were measured and compared as functions of time. The following were observed: (i) Effluent turbidities and particle counts of the two filters were very close, i.e., essentially the same effluent quality was obtained when crushed glass was used instead of silica sand. (ii) In the majority of the tests, the filter with crushed glass generated both a smaller clean‐bed head loss and smaller clogging head losses than those of the filter containing sand. It is concluded that crushed glass may be a good alternative to silica sand in dual‐media filtration. 相似文献
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文章介绍日本福岛核电站反应堆电缆竖井墙体堵漏采用的堵漏材料水玻璃,以及水玻璃的性能和其堵漏的反应机理。水玻璃具有使用安全、污染小、成本低廉、来源充足、堵漏浆液易注、硬化可调等综合特点,广泛应用于核设施墙体、建筑工程、地质水文、矿山、油田等领域的应急堵漏、加固处理。 相似文献
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“新型玻璃”是最近软玉批发市场上出现频繁的一种冒仿软玉的产品,其特点是外观很像软玉,而且其红外图谱谱形极像软玉的,个别峰位基本吻合,这给软玉的快速鉴定带来了一定的迷惑性和风险。选取一批典型的“新型玻璃”进行常规宝石学测试和红外光谱测试等一系列宝石学研究。测试结果表明,虽然“新型玻璃”的红外图谱谱形极像软玉的,但是两者之间的性质还是有着明显的差别,依据现行国家标准,其鉴定名称可直接命名为“玻璃”;同时,对“新型玻璃”的快速鉴定提出了一些参考建议。 相似文献
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Sets of 20 soda ash glasses, 16 soda lime glasses and 23 wood ash glasses mainly from excavations in Europe (additional soda ash glasses from Egypt) were analysed on 61 chemical elements. Average SiO2 is about 62% in soda glasses and 50% in wood ash glasses. The three groups of glasses contain on average 13% Na2O, 18% Na2O and 13% K2O as fluxes to lower the melting temperature of quartz at their production. The starting materials beside quartz were halophytic plant ash for soda ash glass, trona (Na3H(CO3)2·2H2O) and lime (clamshells) for soda lime glass and beech ash for wood ash glass. Each of the three major glass types contains specific Rare Earth Element (REE) concentrations mainly contained in quartz and its intergrown minerals. 50 Paleozoic and Mesozoic sandstones from Central Europe represent the quartz composition. The REE pattern of these glasses apparently indicates major compositional stages of the Continental Earth's Crust. The boron to lithium and sodium to potassium ratios as in seawater suggest reactions of materials for soda glass with seawater. Negative Ce anomalies in the three glasses are caused by reactions of quartz with seawater. 相似文献
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Vitreous materials are quite routinely found in natural settings. Most of them are aluminosilicates, which often occur in large deposits. Considering the geological formations in which naturally occurring vitreous aluminosilicates are found, they have generally remained stable for more than 1 Ma on the earth's surface, even in different geological and climatic environments. These non-crystalline solids played a very important role in the development of ancient human civilizations, long before the introduction of metallic tools. Today, however, the properties of natural glasses are of interest to mankind for completely different reasons. For example, industrial glasses are used today for encapsulating toxic wastes, especially radioactive waste, which remains active for centuries or more, in order to prevent the unwanted transfer of harmful materials to the environment. The chemical compositions of industrially produced glasses are in large part different from the compositions of natural glasses. Little is quantitatively known about the stability of industrial glasses over very long periods of time (>10,000 years). However, the physical and chemical stability of natural aluminosilicate glasses is known to extend over very long periods of time.The advancement of technological design to prevent or at least minimize the melt down of toxic waste during the encapsulation process is currently a major challenge, using glasses of natural chemical composition. Brecciated glass, which is found frequently in natural settings, provides a special clue to the possibility of producing vitreous solids by sintering glass fragments without melting the cullets. It is essential to prevent melting of the cullets because the melt has the potential of chemically reacting with the toxic waste.This paper summarizes the geological, chemical, and physical facts concerning naturally produced glasses, and seeks to establish a recognized database for further research in the domain of understanding the glass-forming processes that occur in nature. Furthermore, the authors hope to stimulate research into the utilization of natural resources that to solve the problem of storing of toxic waste safely.Major and trace element data have been collected over the past 100 years. These data constitute a sufficient basis for the chemical characterization of natural glasses. More information about the major elements is not required, in order to understand the chemical properties of these materials. On the other hand, large gaps in compositional data exist where other related components are concerned: e.g., in the case of “water-species”, with its different forms of bonding in silicates or oxygen (oxygen fugacity), CO2-, sulphur - or hydrocarbons (methane)-, hydrogen-, chlorine-and fluorine-species. All these components have a significant impact on the properties of glasses, even when present only in minor quantities. Glass textures and crystal morphologies reflect the processes of nucleation and crystal growth in a glass-forming matrix during the cooling and reheating cycles which are currently not thoroughly understood. In nature, the processes that led to the formation of vitreous materials are very different from those used in the production of industrial glasses. The different genetic conditions under which glass formation occurs permit differentiation between magmatic and metamorphic vitreous solids. Sedimentary and biogenetic processes also contribute to the formation of non-crystalline solids. 相似文献
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云南腾冲新期火山岩矿物及其熔体包裹体研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
腾冲火山群位于我国云南省西部和缅甸的交界处,由黑空山、大空山、小空山、打鹰山、马鞍山等一系列火山组成,是我国著名的第四纪火山群,从喷发活动时间上可分为老期火山和新期火山.前人研究证实,打鹰山、马鞍山和黑空山为新期火山,它们在全新世都有过喷发活动.这些新期火山岩的主要斑晶矿物为辉石、橄榄石和长石,主要的斑晶矿物中都含有熔体包裹体,它们形态多样,分布不规则,且部分显示后期有变化.探针分析表明,新期火山岩矿物中熔体包裹体成分的变化范围大于其基质玻璃成分的变化范围,它们的化学成分分布范围涵盖了玄武粗安岩、粗面安山岩、粗面岩和流纹岩等岩石类型,与腾冲火山区晚更新世以来火山岩的成分分布范围基本一致.根据对新期火山岩斑晶和微晶矿物中熔体包裹体及基质玻璃成分的测试研究,其中挥发分Cl的含量在包裹体和基质中变化不大,但F、SO3在熔体包裹体中的含量高于基质,总体上腾冲新期火山喷发时岩浆的脱气率较低,喷发时并未向空中喷出大量气体,推测对当时的气候环境影响不大,但未来喷发的灾害效应不容忽视. 相似文献
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