杂色鲍繁殖亲本体型小型化原因初探     

王德祥  游伟伟  林纯  骆轩  柯才焕 《台湾海峡》2009,28(2):260-265

针对目前杂色鲍性腺发育提前的现象展开研究,以产卵量为指标分析了杂色鲍可量性状与产卵量之间的相关关系.结果表明,以体长的立方除以体重作为体型系数（F）,它与产卵量（G）之间存在着显著的负相关（p〈0.05）,相关系数为-0.9480.曲线回归方程为：G=-7.5009 ln（F）＋18.22（R2=0.9095）.进一步的分析结果表明,杂色鲍雌性亲本的产卵量和体长亦呈负相关,相关系数为-0.7182.结果提示,性腺发育较早的小个体的杂色鲍母本更多地参与了繁殖活动,而且产出的卵子的绝对重量大于大个体的杂色鲍亲鲍.这可能是造成人工育种中杂色鲍体型减小、性腺发育提前的潜在原因.  相似文献   

九孔鲍精子短期保存技术研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蔡明夷  柯才焕  王桂忠  郭峰  郑云  游伟伟  许贻斌 《海洋科学》2008,32(1):1-5

应用单因素试验和三因素正交试验研究了温度、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)浓度及精子密度等因素对九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertextexta)精子短期保存的影响。单因素试验结果表明: DMSO、维生素C、甘油、葡萄糖等添加剂中仅5%和7. 5% DMSO有利于精子活力的保持; 3个试验温度中28℃精子活力下降速度最快,其次为1℃, 最慢是5℃; 稀释度越高精子活力下降速度越快。正交试验中, 九孔鲍精液分别在25个保存条件下保存96 h, 保存期间每隔一段时间取样观察精子活力。25 个处理的活力变化数据用生长函数拟合, 根据拟合方程计算出精子活力半衰期, 并对结果进行直观分析及方差分析。结果表明, 较理想的精子保存条件是: 温度为7℃, DMSO质量分数为3%, 精子密度为7.5×10⁸个/mL; 各因素对精子活力半衰期的影响按精子密度、温度、DMSO密度顺序递减; 精子密度对精子活力半衰期有显著影响(P<0.05) , 温度及DMSO浓度的影响不显著(P>0.05) 。  相似文献   

皱纹盘鲍外套膜cDNA表达文库的构建   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李静  张文兵  麦康森  张璐  艾庆辉  徐伟  谭北平  马洪明  刘付治国 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,38(5)

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Characterization of defensin gene from abalone Haliotis discus hannai and its deduced protein     

洪旭光  孙修勤  郑明刚  曲凌云  咎金东  张进兴 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(4)

Defensin is one of preserved ancient host defensive materials formed in biological evolution. As a regulator and effector molecule, it is very important in animals' acquired immune system. This paper reports the defensin gene from the mixed liver and kidney cDNA library of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Sequence analysis shows that the gene sequence of full-length cDNA encodes 42 mature peptides (including six Cys), molecular weight of 4 323 Da, and pI of 8.02. Amino acid sequence homology analysis shows that the peptides are highly similar (70% in common) to other insects defensin. Because of a typical insect-defensin structural character of mature peptide in the secondary structure, the polypeptide named Haliotis discus defensin (hd-def), a novel of antimicrobial peptides, belongs to insects defensin subfamily. The RT-PCR result of Haliotis discus defensin shows that the gene can be expressed only in the hepatopancreas by Gram-negative and positive bacteria stimulation, which is ascribed to inducible expression. Therefore, it is revealed that the Haliotis discus defensin gene expression was related to the antibacterial infection of Haliotis discus hannai Ino.  相似文献   

氯霉素暴露对杂色鲍免疫活性的影响     

李进寿  卢斌  王波  柯才焕 《台湾海峡》2011,30(3):405-411

杂色鲍的免疫机能主要是由血细胞以吞噬的方式来完成．本研究将杂色鲍分别暴露在1、2、5Ixg／cm3不同含量氯霉素的水体中60d（每天暴露4h）,检测其主要免疫指标的变化．实验结果表明,经氯霉素暴露实验后,杂色鲍的主要免疫指标出现了下降．对照组与各药物含量组（1、2、5μg／cm3）中杂色鲍血细胞对溶藻弧菌的吞噬率分别为89．83％±3．66％、75．33％±4．89％、68．67％±5．05％和37．00％±9．21％;其吞噬指数分别为3．84±0．27、2．54±0．35、2．12±0．47和1．18±0．32;其血细胞密度分别为（2．72±0．33）×10’、（1．87±0．09）×10^7、（1．46±0．17）x10^7、（1．03±0．14）×10^7个／cmA^3．对照组与各药物含量组在水温3l℃高温胁迫下杂色鲍半致死时间（,Jk）分别为10、8、6、4h．各实验组的壳长、体重生长率、成活率与对照组比较,高含量组均显著小于对照组．含量为lμg／cm^3和2μg／cm^3的氯霉素暴露对杂色鲍的生长有轻微的促进作用．各实验组酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的酶活指标变化与氯霉素的暴露含量无明显相关性．  相似文献   

皱纹盘鲍肝、肾表达序列标签及神经肽Y(NPY)受体基因的克隆与分析     

郑明刚  毕元兑  王玲  孙修勤  刘峰  王波 《海洋湖沼通报》2011,(1):94-100

通过构建皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus Hannai)cDNA文库并进行大规模测序,获得了1282条高质量的ESTs序列,对这些序列进行拼接,获得了包括650条序列在内的244组片段重叠群(Contigs)和632个单一序列(Singletons).使用BlastX软件对876个Unigenes(Uniger...  相似文献   

凿贝才女虫发育阶段的形态观察     

刘慧玲 《广东海洋大学学报》2003,23(6):8-11

对寄生在九孔鲍 (HaliotisdiversicoloraquatilisReeve)贝壳上的凿贝才女虫 (Polydoraciliata)进行了观察 ,将其发育过程分为卵、胚胎、幼虫和成虫 4个阶段 ,并对这 4个阶段的形态结构进行了描述和讨论。由于凿贝才女虫寄生 ,九孔鲍贝壳内侧形成弯曲的管道和隆起 ,其外套膜被破坏 ,严重影响了九孔鲍生长 ,甚至导致其死亡。  相似文献   

Sequences Characterization of Microsatellite DNA Sequences in Pacific Abalone (Haliotis discus hannat)     

LI Qi  Kijima Akihiro 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2007,6(1)

The microsatellite-enriched library was constructed using magnetic bead hybridization selection method, and the microsatellite DNA sequences were analyzed in Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Three hundred and fifty white colonies were screened using PCR-based technique, and 84 clones were identified to potentially contain microsatellite repeat motif. The 84 clones were sequenced, and 42 microsatellites and 4 minisatellites with a minimum of five repeats were found (13.1% of white colonies screened). Besides the motif of CA contained in the oligoprobe, we also found other 16 types of microsatellite repeats including a dinucleotide repeat, two tetranucleotide repeats, twelve pentanucleotide repeats and a hexanucleotide repeat. According to Weber(1990), the microsatellite sequences obtained could be categorized structurally into perfect repeats (73.3%), imperfect repeats(13.3%), and compound repeats (13.4%). Among the microsatellite repeats, relatively short arrays (＜ 20 repeats) were most abundant,accounting for 75.0%. The largest length of microsatellites was 48 repeats, and the average number of repeats was 13.4. The data on the composition and length distribution of microsatellites obtained in the present study can be useful for choosing the repeat motifs for microsatetlite isolation in other abalone species.  相似文献   

福建沿海米氏凯伦藻赤潮对皱纹盘鲍鳃组织抗氧化酶活性的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林佳宁  颜天  张清春  王云峰  刘青  周名江 《海洋科学》2016,40(6):17-22

本文初步研究了在较低赤潮密度(低于107个/m L)下,一株米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)对皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)鳃内几种抗氧化酶,如超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)的毒性效应,以期分析米氏凯伦藻对鲍鱼生命活动可能的胁迫方式。研究表明,米氏凯伦藻对SOD、CAT酶活性均造成不利影响,并未对GSH-Px酶造成不利影响,其酶活性显著高于对照组。米氏凯伦藻对SOD酶活性的影响表现为"先诱导后抑制"效应,24 h内,各处理组(0.1个/m L,0.5个/m L,1.0×104个/m L)中,酶活性急剧增高,分别是对照组的1.2,1.3,1.3倍,之后酶活性迅速下降,分别是对照组的77%,77%,73%。SOD能够清除机体体内多余的自由基,其活力变化反映了机体抵制自由基损伤能力已受到明显抑制。此外,米氏凯伦藻处理组中,CAT酶活性则处于"被抑制"状态,48 h内酶活性持续下降,分别降低至对照组的58%,51%,37%。CAT可以清除SOD歧化超氧阴离子自由基产生的H2O2,其活力的下降也可能造成机体内过氧化物的累积及氧化损伤。结果表明,即使未达到较高赤潮密度(不超过107个/m L)时,米氏凯伦藻短时间内仍可对鲍鱼鳃内关键抗氧化酶活性造成显著抑制效应,这极有可能导致鲍鱼机体抗氧化系统遭受严重损伤。  相似文献   

A spatial- and age-structured assessment model to estimate the impact of illegal fishing and ecosystem change on the South African abalone Haliotis midae resource     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):207-236

The management of abalone stocks worldwide is complicated by factors such as illegal fishing combined with the difficulties of assessing a sedentary (but not immobile) resource that is often patchily distributed. The South African abalone Haliotis midae fishery is faced with an additional problem in the form of a relatively recent movement of rock lobsters Jasus lalandii into much of the range of the abalone. The lobsters have heavily reduced sea urchin Parechinus angulosus populations, thereby indirectly negatively impacting juvenile abalone which rely on the urchins for shelter. A model is developed for abalone that is an extension of more standard age-structured assessment models because it explicitly takes spatial effects into account, incorporates the ecosystem change effect described above and estimates the magnitude of substantial illegal (‘poached’) catches. The model is simultaneously fitted to catch per unit effort and Fishery-Independent Abalone Survey abundance data, as well as to several years of catch-at-age (cohort-sliced from catch-at-size) data for the various components of the fishery and different spatial strata. It constitutes the first quantitative approach applied to the management of this commercially valuable resource in South Africa and has provided a basis for management advice over recent years by projecting abundance trends under alternative future catch levels.  相似文献