A First Generation Stochastic Bioeconomic Analysis of Algal Bloom Control in a Coastal Lagoon (Sacca di Goro, Po River Delta)     

Giulio Alessandro De  Leo  Marco Bartoli  Mariachiara Naldi  Pierluigi Viaroli 《Marine Ecology》2002,23(S1):92-100

Abstract. In this work we have developed a very simple stochastic mathematical model of Ulva spp. growth to quantitatively evaluate the economic costs of algal harvesting and the related benefits in terms of avoided'economic loss'of clam production due to an effective prevention of algal blooms and the consequent anoxic crises. Algal growth was simulated by means of a discrete time difference equation of Ulva biomass where the finite growth rate depends only upon water temperature. In order to explicitly include environmental variability, a seasonal autoregressive model calibrated on available data was used to simulate water temperature. Different harvesting scenarios were analysed in terms of the number of harvesting vessels employed and the threshold biomass of Ulva at which vessels start to operate. Costs of algal harvesting and disposal, as well as monetary damages resulting from the collapse of clam production as a consequence of algal blooms, were assessed by interviewing the managers of the Clam Fishermen's Union of Goro. A Monte Carlo approach was used to estimate the mean and total statistical distribution of costs and benefits of different harvesting strategies. Our analysis shows that the most cost-effective management policy is attained with 4–6 vessels operating at low algal density able to harvest as much Ulva as possible with intensive and short interventions at the beginning of the seasonal growth.  相似文献   

盐度日节律性连续变化对孔石莼生长和生化组成的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王巧晗  董双林  田相利  王芳 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,37(6):911-915

利用实验生态学的方法,探讨盐度日节律性连续变化对孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)生长和生化组成的影响,旨在查明潮间带大型海藻对盐度日节律性连续变化的适应性.实验共设5个盐度日节律变化处理(30±3,30±6,30±9,30±12和30±15)和1个恒盐(30±0)对照处理.实验结果表明孔石莼能够耐受较大范围的盐度日节律性连续变化,这种变化虽然对孔石莼的生长不利,但是仍然能够使孔石莼的相对生长率保持在12%以上;盐度变化幅度±3～±15与恒盐对照相比明显不利于孔石莼的生长,盐度变化幅度越大,孔石莼生长越缓慢.同恒盐处理相比,盐度日节律连续变化对孔石莼叶绿素含量的影响不明显,但叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量都有随着盐度变化幅度的增大而逐渐减少的趋势.盐度日节律性连续变化使孔石莼蛋白质和可溶性糖的相对含量显著增加(P＜0.05),随着盐度变化幅度的增大,蛋白质和可溶性糖增加的趋势越明显,并且在盐度日节律性连续变化下,蛋白质增加的速度比可溶性糖增加的速度要快.同时,游离脯氨酸的相对含量随着盐度变化幅度的增加而增加,但是在缓和的盐度日节律性连续变化下(30±3)孔石莼游离脯氨酸的含量却显著小于恒盐对照组(P＜0.05).盐度日节律性连续变化同恒定盐度相比,虽不利于孔石莼的生长,却促进了孔石莼生化产物的合成,是海藻干露时品质得以提高的原因之一.  相似文献   

Uptake of platinum group elements by the marine macroalga, Ulva lactuca     

Andrew Turner  Marie S. Lewis  Leyla Shams  Murray T. Brown 《Marine Chemistry》2007,105(3-4):271-280

Uptake of environmentally relevant platinum group elements (PGE) by the marine macroalga, Ulva lactuca, has been studied. Removal of nM concentrations of Rh(III), Pd(II) and Pt(IV) added to filtered sea water appeared to proceed via pseudo-first-order kinetics, with respective forward rate constants of either 0.0039 or 0.0042 h^− 1, 0.0058 or 0.0096 h^− 1 and 0.0017 or 0.0032 h^− 1, depending on whether an irreversible or reversible reaction was invoked. The (quasi-) equilibrium distribution coefficients, derived from linear fits to uptake (sorption) isotherms, were about 1400, 900 and 350 mL g^− 1 on a dry mass basis for Rh, Pd and Pt, respectively. With increasing sea water pH, over the range 7.9 to 8.4, uptake of Rh by Ulva increased considerably, whereas a small increase in Pt removal was observed; in contrast, uptake of Pd exhibited no clear dependence on pH. The percentage of metal taken up that was internalised within cells, evaluated by washing selected algal samples in 3 mM EDTA, was about 40% for Rh, 80% for Pd and 95% for Pt. Results of this study were interpreted in terms of what is known about the aqueous speciation of PGE in sea water. Thus, Rh exists as cationic hydrated chloride complexes which are readily adsorbed at the algal surface. Palladium has an exceptional affinity for organic ligands, and uptake (and internalisation) appears to be governed by competition for Pd²⁺ from aqueous and algal binding sites. Platinum (IV) exists predominantly as a series of (mainly) negatively charged chloride and mixed hydroxychloride complexes that have little propensity to interact with the algal surface; however, its high degree of internalisation requires at least some interaction with specific and perhaps physiologically active sites.  相似文献   

环介导等温扩增联合横向流动试纸条快速检测扁浒苔(Ulva compressa)的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

陈先锋  周前进  王瑞娜  段维军  苗亮  陈炯 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(4):819-827

本研究将环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)与横向流动试纸条(lateral flow dipstick,LFD)的可视化检测方法结合,建立了扁浒苔(Ulva compressa)的LAMPLFD快速检测技术。该方法以扁浒苔的内转录间隔区(ITS1-5.8S-ITS2)序列为检测靶标,设计了3对特异性引物(其中,上游内引物由生物素标记)和1条异硫氰酸荧光素标记的探针。结果表明,LAMP最适反应温度为63°C,扩增时间为60 min,从核酸扩增到LFD结果判读需70 min。利用LAMP-LFD可特异性检出扁浒苔,对浒苔、曲浒苔、缘管浒苔和孔石莼等石莼属绿藻以及塔玛亚历山大藻、无纹环沟藻、东海原甲藻、锥状斯克里普藻和赤潮异弯藻等常见微藻的检测结果为阴性。该方法最低可检测到0.1 pg的扁浒苔基因组DNA,是以Uco ITS-F3和Uco ITS-B3为特异性引物的PCR方法的100倍。对实际样品的检测结果表明,LAMP-LFD方法检测扁浒苔与传统的形态学观察的结果一致。因此,该方法可快速、特异地检测出扁浒苔,而且操作简单,仪器设备依赖性低,有潜力成为扁浒苔现场检测的常规技术手段。  相似文献   

Forest fire ash impact on micro- and macroalgae in the receiving waters of the east coast of South Korea     

Shin HW  Sidharthan M  Young KS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):203-209

Mountain forest fire ash flushed into the eastern coastal waters of South Korea is known to contain cadmium as one of its significant constituents. To study its impact, two representatives of the micro- and macroalgal communities, Ulva pertusa and Nannochloropsis oculata, were exposed to the concentration range of Cd indicated from the forest fire localities. At low concentrations of 0.224–0.448 mg L⁻¹, a 20% reduction in growth rate of N. oculata was observed. Chlorophyll a pigment concentration was proportionate to the growth reduction while at higher concentrations (1.792 mg L⁻¹) pigments were completely leached. In the macrophyte U. pertusa, a similar trend of pigment leaching was observed. Bioaccumulation factors obtained for these rapidly growing algal species revealed excessive bioconcentration of Cd. Variations in the concentration of Cd among the samples collected along the Korean coast clearly indicated the additional source of metal influx from the forest fires.  相似文献   

UV-B辐射增强对孔石莼生长和孢子萌发的影响     

王展  孙彬凯  刘雪华  郇丽  王广策  秦雨彤  刘家赫  陈雨  奚鹤鸣 《海洋科学》2019,43(3):27-31

测定了不同辐射强度的中波紫外线(UV-B)对潮间带海藻—孔石莼相对生长率、光合生理活性以及孢子萌发情况的影响。研究表明:UV-B抑制孔石莼的生长,随着辐射强度增加,抑制作用加强,同时UV-B也会抑制孢子萌发,4 kJ/m~2的辐射强度即可达到明显的抑制作用。此外,UV-B辐射使孔石莼叶绿素荧光参数(F_v/F_m、Y_Ⅰ、Y_Ⅱ)值降低,随着处理时间延长,孔石莼光合生理活性显著降低。相对于光系统Ⅰ,光系统Ⅱ对于UV-B造成的环境胁迫更为敏感。本研究为UV-B可能影响其他潮间带生物或生态系统的研究提供了理论基础。  相似文献   

Tracing the settlement region of massive floating green algae in the Yellow Sea     

GENG Huixia  YU Rencheng  ZHANG Qingchun  YAN Tian  KONG Fanzhou  ZHOU Mingjiang 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(5):1555-1565

Outbreaks of large-scale green tides formed by Ulva prolifera in the Yellow Sea (YS) cause heavy ecological damages and huge economic losses. However, the ecological consequences of green tides remain poorly understood due to the lack of knowledge on the settlement region of massive green algae floating in the YS. In this study, we established a method to trace the settlement region of floating green algae, using 28-isofucosterol preserved in sediment as the specific biomarker for green algae. Sterols including 28-isofucosterol in surface sediment samples collected during an investigation in the YS and the Bohai Sea (BS) in August 2015 were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Based on the content of 28-isofucosterol in sediment samples, the potential settlement region of fl oating green algae was identifi ed in the sea area southeast to the Shandong Peninsula around the sampling site H06 (122.66°E, 36.00°N). This paper presents a first result on the settlement region of floating green algae in the YS for providing a solid basis to elucidate the ecological consequences of green tides in the area.  相似文献   

盐度与种间竞争对漂浮生态型浒苔微繁体萌发和生长的影响     

赵瑾  马莹莹  解威峰  吴春辉  姜鹏 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(5):991-998

黄海绿潮源自苏北浅滩,暴发后期浒苔向北漂移至山东半岛南岸,会集中释放大量微繁体。虽然构成严重的繁殖体压力,但尚未发生大面积定生。为了明确漂浮生态型浒苔北侵定居的关键限制因素,本研究于2015年7月漂浮浒苔在青岛沿海大量堆积期间,采集潮间带表层沉积物样本,分别在盐度25和32下进行培养,试验不同盐度对漂浮生态型浒苔微繁体萌发和幼苗生长的影响。进一步通过单藻种培养,分析漂浮生态型与定生浒苔群体、以及青岛定生近缘种缘管浒苔对盐度的适应性差异。结果表明,盐度对微繁体萌发与幼苗生长两个阶段均构成重要影响,但具有不同的影响方式。在萌发阶段,单藻培养条件下,盐度对浒苔各群体和缘管浒苔的萌发率均无显著影响,但在混合培养条件下,盐度则通过种间竞争对萌发率产生显著影响,青岛的高盐条件更加有利于当地种,而苏北海域的低盐条件会显著提高漂浮生态型的萌发率。在幼苗的生长阶段,盐度可直接产生影响,高盐条件显著降低浒苔所有群体幼苗的生长率,对缘管浒苔则无显著影响,表现明显的种间差异。上述结果提示,盐度与种间竞争的协同作用可能是限制漂浮生态型浒苔大规模北侵定居的重要因素,这为预测漂浮生态型的扩散范围与黄海绿潮的变异趋势提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

2017年春、夏季黄海35°N共发的绿潮、金潮和赤潮     

孔凡洲  姜鹏  魏传杰  张清春  李继业  刘一霆  于仁成  颜天  周名江 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(5):1021-1030

于2017年4月至6月,沿南黄海35°N断面出现了罕见的绿潮、金潮和赤潮等有害藻华共发现象。本研究通过现场定时定速拖网等方法,对黄海35°N断面不同站位的大型漂浮藻类进行了定量观测,并对赤潮区浮游植物进行了显微镜观察。结果表明：沿35°N断面的漂浮绿藻和马尾藻生物量具有明显的时空变化特征,4月下旬漂浮绿藻和马尾藻开始零星出现,5月下旬生物量和分布范围明显增加,在6月上旬达到最大,随后在6月下旬降低。漂浮绿藻和马尾藻的分布区域存在差异,120°30''—122°30''E为两者共同分布海域,向西以漂浮绿藻为主,向东则以马尾藻为主。分别于5月下旬和6月下旬在黄海35°N断面发现了1次米氏凯伦藻（Karenia mikimotoi）赤潮和1次赤潮异弯藻（Heterosigma akashiwo）赤潮。基于现场获取的水文数据,本文对南黄海海域的环境条件及其对有害藻华分布的影响进行了讨论。沿35°N断面共发的绿潮、金潮和赤潮现象表明黄海海域正面临严峻的海洋生态问题,通过对该海域赤潮、金潮和绿潮的长期观测,可望揭示这些藻华灾害形成机制和演变规律,为针对性地开展有害藻华预报、预警和防控提供科学依据。  相似文献   

中国苏北浅滩海域定生海藻繁殖体的来源     

宋伟  姜美洁  王宗灵  王洪平  张学雷  傅明珠 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(4):102-108

自2007年以来,黄海海域已连续爆发大规模浒苔绿潮并造成了严重的经济损失。在苏北浅滩条斑紫菜养殖筏架上的定生浒苔被认为是漂浮绿潮藻的主要来源。然而,现阶段对筏架定生绿藻的种源基础并不清楚。因此,在本研究中,我们通过现场调查结合室内试验来揭示了筏架定生绿藻的繁殖体源。同时,为了对黄海大规模绿潮进行防控,我们对防止绿藻在紫菜养殖筏架的附着做了相关研究。结果表明,（1）包括浒苔、缘管浒苔、扁浒苔、曲浒苔以及盘苔这五种海藻的微观繁殖体共同存在于苏北浅滩海域的水体及沉积物中,而且在不同时期它们的比例变化明显。（2）经过去皮处理后的毛竹可明显抑制浒苔微观繁殖体的附着。通过本研究,我们明确分布于苏北浅滩海域的绿藻微观繁殖体是黄海大规模绿潮的种源基础。同时,我们为从源头防控黄海大规模绿潮的发生提供了一个可行的手段。  相似文献