华北盆地南部早二叠世早期聚煤作用的成因机制   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

胡益成  廖玉枝 《地学前缘》1999,6(Z1):111-115

华北盆地南部早二叠世早期形成的海陆交替相含煤地层,含有多达30余层煤。这些为数众多的煤层在其形成过程中,受到海水进退和风暴潮2种动力作用的控制。频繁的海水进退,虽然多次为本区的聚煤场所提供了广阔的空间,但未能给滨海沼泽内泥炭物质的持续堆积带来足够的时间。频繁的风暴潮作用对策煤场所既有破坏性又有建设性：风暴上升流可以强烈地侵蚀滨海沼泽的泥炭层,风暴下降流又可将大量的泥炭物质携带到浅海环境再沉积;风暴上升流可以在平缓开阔的潮汐地带上建造成平行海岸线的沙脊,使沙脊靠陆一侧成为新的聚煤场所,下一次较大的风暴上升流又可荡平这些新建立起来的聚煤场所。因此本区的聚煤作用既复杂又特殊。  相似文献   

Distinction between the Storegga tsunami and the holocene marine transgression in coastal basin deposits of western Norway     

Stein Bondevik  John Inge Svendsen  Jan Mangerud 《第四纪科学杂志》1998,13(6):529-537

Many coastal lakes were inundated by both the Storegga tsunami (7000 ¹⁴C yr BP) and the mid-Holocene sea-level rise (the Tapes transgression) in western Norway. The tsunami eroded lake bottoms and deposited graded and/or massive beds of sand, rip-up clasts, and coarse plant material. By contrast, when the rising sea entered the lakes, it deposited only gyttja, silt and fine sand, without causing much erosion of the underlying lake sediments. Storegga tsunami deposits in some coastal lakes were interpreted previously as ordinary marine sediments from the Tapes transgression. Our reinterpretation of these deposits shows that the transgression maximum phase was reached after 6500 yr BP, more than 1000 yr later than previously inferred for the coast of Sunnmøre. The new data cannot be combined in a shoreline diagram without showing the 6000 yr BP and 7000 yr BP shorelines as slightly warped. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

对“岩石地层单位”的解释和应用之探讨     

汪明洲 《地球科学与环境学报》1993,(3)

文章涉及的是理论地层学范畴的问题,如地层的概念,单位术语的应用,穿时和时侵现象的解释,并提出地层叠置体等专门术语。文章阐述了当前地层学存在的理论上自悖和应用上混乱的问题及笔者为探讨推进地层学深入发展所持的观点。  相似文献   

黄骅坳陷歧口凹陷沙一下亚段湖相白云岩形成环境   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

陈世悦  李聪  杨勇强  肖敦清  蒲秀刚  黄鹏 《地质学报》2012,86(10):1679-1687

歧口凹陷沙一下亚段白云岩发育在整体湖扩背景下,通过对研究区白云岩镜下鉴定、扫描电镜分析、地球化学分析测试,发现了海绿石、胶磷矿和颗石藻等海相指相性化石,Sr/Ba比值、V/Ni比值及Th/U比值均指示海相环境特征,87Sr/86Sr比值也表明湖盆受到过同期海水作用,证实了海侵作用是歧口凹陷沙一下亚段湖盆咸化的主要影响因素。海侵不仅为近海湖盆白云岩的形成提供了部分Mg2+,更重要的是改变了湖盆水体性质,促进了白云岩化作用。结合研究区古地貌的"洼——隆"相间特征以及碳氧同位素呈线性条带分布表现出的非常好的相关性,表明研究区沙一下亚段时期湖盆水体循环较差,封闭性很好,从而使得海侵导致的湖盆咸化环境得以保持,形成了白云岩有利的发育环境。  相似文献   

Three‐dimensional to two‐dimensional cross‐strata transition in the lower Pleistocene Catanzaro tidal strait transgressive succession (southern Italy)     

Sergio G. Longhitano  Domenico Chiarella  Francesco Muto 《Sedimentology》2014,61(7):2136-2171

Sandstone tidal cross‐strata are the predominant sedimentary feature of strait‐fill stratigraphic successions. However, although widely described in numerous studies, tidal strait‐fill two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional cross‐strata have rarely been reported to occur in discrete intervals which are laterally adjacent or vertically stacked, and the meaning of this stratigraphic architecture has not yet been fully investigated. Understanding of the processes responsible for changes in the internal features of modern and ancient tidal bedforms is essential in order to predict lateral and vertical heterogeneities in analogous reservoir strata. This facies‐based study aims to interpret the three‐dimensional to two‐dimensional cross‐strata transition observed in the lower Pleistocene mixed siliciclastic/bioclastic sandstone filling the Catanzaro Strait, in southern Italy, during a continuous phase of tectonically driven marine transgression. Tidal cross‐strata disappear in the uppermost interval of the studied succession, where mudstone strata prevail. This stratigraphic trend is interpreted as the evidence of an important change in the tidal strait hydrodynamics due to a phase of relative sea‐level rise. At the beginning of the transgression, three‐dimensional tidal dunes migrated throughout the ca 3 to 4 km wide and ca 30 km long, WNW–ESE‐oriented Catanzaro Strait, due to strong tidal currents amplified through the seaway and flowing in semi‐diurnal phase opposition. As the intermediate phase of transgression enlarged the seaway width, the tidal current strength decreased as tidal water exchange occurred over a larger cross‐sectional area. The progressive reduction of the bed shear stress modified three‐dimensional tidal dunes into an extensive two‐dimensional bedform field. At the end of the transgression, the further widening of the Catanzaro Strait into a ca 10 to 12 km wide marine passageway changed the tidally dominated strait into a non‐tidal open shelf. The results of this research suggest the presence of a ‘critical cross‐sectional area’ in the narrowest strait‐centre zone which controls the activation and deactivation of tidal current amplification along a marine seaway.  相似文献   

河海交互作用与苏北平原成因^*   总被引：17，自引：14，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

王颖  张振克  朱大奎  杨競红  毛龙江  李书恒 《第四纪研究》2006,26(3):301-320

苏北平原向海侧分布着大冈、上冈两列古贝壳堤以及依此而建的范公堤;西侧有低山丘陵环绕,江淮水系河流汇入平原内侧的湖泊群,发育了伸出型三角洲;兴化、里下河地区是平原的最低洼处。这一系列地貌组合与分布特点,启迪着探究平原的成因。146m深的宝应望直港钻孔,穿透了2.58Ma以来的第四纪地层。沉积相、微体古生物、古地磁测定与沉积层常量元素分析等综合研究,阐明了4次主要的海洋作用沉积环境,尤其是晚更新世3.9~2.6万年前的浅海环境沉积更为显著。河湖相泛滥平原沉积与潮滩浅海沉积交互成层,证实了苏北平原是第四纪时期由河-海交互作用,从古海湾发育堆积成宽大平原。进一步工作需探索相关时期的江-海分布变化及黄河和黄渤海通道与苏北平原发育的关系。  相似文献   

东尼日尔盆地海侵的微体古生物和地球化学证据   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

刘邦  潘校华  万仑坤  毛凤军  刘计国  吕明胜  王玉华 《现代地质》2011,25(5):995-1006

东尼日尔盆地是中西非裂谷系中典型的中—新生代裂谷盆地,位于尼日尔东部,包括Termit、Tefidet、Tenere、Grein、Bilma等5个坳陷。在对位于Tenere坳陷的Saha-1井和位于Termit坳陷的Helit-1井的上白垩统泥岩岩屑样品的微体古生物分布和地球化学特征分析的基础上,论证了东尼日尔盆地晚白垩世发生海侵。Saha-1井上白垩统泥岩岩屑样品微体古生物鉴定结果显示,样品中含有海相沟鞭藻、介形类、钙质超微、有孔虫等化石;地球化学特征表现为具有高丰度的伽马蜡烷、β-胡萝卜烷,且指示海相沉积环境的标志物甲藻甾烷丰富。微体古生物分布和地球化学特征均表明,晚白垩世地层沉积于海相环境。晚白垩世为全球海平面高位期,东尼日尔盆地发生大规模海侵。在早白垩世,东尼日尔盆地以陆相沉积为主;在晚白垩世热沉降和海侵的背景下,东尼日尔各坳陷成为一个统一的海相盆地,沉积了巨厚的海相地层。  相似文献   

台湾海峡西部海域晚更新世3次“海侵”依据的探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周定成  孙全  许志峰 《台湾海峡》2011,30(3):324-329

晚更新世是全球气候环境与海陆变迁频繁的重要地质时期．通过对上世纪80年代采集的活塞柱状样（长度〈6．5111）的分析研究,曾提出晚更新世台湾海峡存在“金门海侵”、“福州海侵”、“海峡海侵”3次海侵．为提高台湾海峡第四纪地质研究和认知水平,本文探讨了3次“海侵”的立论依据,认为现有柱状样沉积层是晚更新世一全新世的浅表层沉积．台湾海峡具有开放性沉积条件,该浅表层沉积层的”c年龄数据应用于地层年代可能偏老．此3次“海侵”地层划分依据不足,存在疑点,尤其是“海峡海侵”．台湾海峡海底已发现数量及种类丰富的晚更新世各气候带陆生哺乳类动物遗骨,并有古人类遗骨化石,这些表明台湾海峡海底在玉木冰期鼎盛时期曾经出露成陆,并可能成为东亚大陆东缘冰期海退的海滨平原上,惟一有各种气候带古动物与古人类的生存地和避难地。  相似文献   

Evidences of Holocene transgression on Domingos Petrolini Swamp, southern coastal plain, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil     

Soraia G. Bauermann Paulo C. P. Neves Marleni Marques-Toigo Abdul R. Ashraf 《东北亚地学研究》2005,8(1):98-103

The Domingos Petrolini Swamp, located on the Southern Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul, near the town of Rio Grande, constitutes an ample holocene lagoonal deposit. Events related to the holocene transgression and their diverse phases of glacial-eustatic ocillations were found through palynological analysis. Bases on these palynological data, four distinct phases to the paleoenvironmental evolution of the ecosystem were identified. It has also shown a transgressive restricted marine sequence on the base, which suggests the existence of a coastal brackish lagoon or a marisme type of environment. Later, there was a gradation for continentality conditions along with a scarce pollinical record. The third phase is characterized by the presence of marine components and halophyte vegetation, showing another transgressive event in that place. Lastly, the end of direct marine influence over the swamp was recorded and also the vegetation development as it appears these days.  相似文献   

关于辽东本溪系的几个问题     

战丽华  王敏成 《国土资源》1993,(1)

本溪系不是岩石地层单位,也不是年代地层单位或生物地层单位,而是历史形成的一种习惯用法。根据地层单位清理的原则,本溪系一名应废弃,置原太原群下部,一并称太原群。辽东地区太原群下部建山城子组、二里河组两个岩石地层单位;辽东半岛南部建山城子组、三棱山组两个岩石地层单位替代原本溪系。华北地台太原群下部(本溪系)海侵方向,根据地层厚度,生物繁衍、迁移路线,地层的空间展布及海相层分析,海水应由北东太子河流域向南西侵进。  相似文献