基于微卫星(SSR)分子标记的中国对虾渤海湾增殖亲虾群体及回捕群体的遗传多样性分析     

王陌桑  王伟继  肖广侠  刘克奉  胡玉龙  田涛  孔杰  金显仕 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(8):51-56

Eight microsatellite markers were used to analyze genetic diversity, level of inbreeding, and effective population size of spawner and recaptured populations of Chinese shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) during stock enhancement in the Bohai Bay in 2013. A total of 254 and 238 alleles were identified in the spawner and recaptured populations, respectively, and the numbers of alleles(N_a) were 8–63 and 6–60, respectively. The numbers of effective alleles(N_e) were 2.52–21.60 and 2.67–20.72, respectively. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.529 to 0.952. The observed heterozygosity(H_o) values(0.638–0.910 and 0.712–0.927) were lower than the expected heterozygosity(H_e) values(0.603–0.954 and 0.625–0.952), which indicated that the two populations possessed a rich genetic diversity. In 16 tests(2 populations×8 loci), 13 tests deviated from the HardyWeinberg equilibrium. F_(is) values were positive at seven loci and the inbreeding coefficients(F) of the two populations estimated by trio ML were 13.234% and 11.603%, suggesting that there was a relatively high degree of inbreeding. A certain level of inbreeding depression had occurred in the Chinese shrimp population. F_(st) values ranged from 0 to 0.059, with a mean of 0.028, displaying a low level of genetic differentiation in the two populations. Effective population sizes(3 060.2 and 3 842.8) were higher than the minimum number suggested for retaining the evolutionary potential to adapt to new environmental conditions. For enhancement activity in 2014,the ideal number of captured shrimp spawners should have ranged from 7 686 to 19 214 to maintain genetic diversity and effective population size. Further strategies to adjust the balance of economic cost, fishing effort and ideal number of shrimp spawners to maintain a satisfactory effective population size for ensuring the sustainability of Chinese shrimp are proposed.  相似文献   

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)体重、存活性状的遗传参数和基因型与环境互作效应   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

栾生  罗坤  阮晓红  曹宝祥  王浩  杜学芳  张凯  孔杰 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(2):445-452

利用7个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)引进群体,通过双列杂交和巢式交配设计构建家系,建立育种基础群体,估计体重、存活性状的遗传参数和基因型与环境互作效应(genotype by environment interactions,G×E)。结果表明,凡纳滨对虾基础群体体重和存活性状的遗传力估计值范围分别在(0.19±0.09)—(0.43±0.09),(0.27±0.04)—(0.45±0.06),均属于中高遗传力水平,并且统计检验显著(P<0.05)。Z-score检验表明,体重和存活性状遗传力估计值在河北黄骅(HBHH)和青岛鳌山(QBAS)两个测试场间差异均不显著。体重和存活性状的表型和遗传相关系数分别为0.007和0.008,表现为低度线性负相关。对于体重和存活性状,HBHH和QBAS场间的遗传相关分别为0.83±0.04和0.40±0.11。体重性状的G×E效应不显著(K<0.5),但存活性状存在显著的G×E效应(K>0.5)。上述结果显示,凡纳滨对虾基础群体体重和存活性状的遗传变异丰富,多代选择可获得较大的遗传进展。  相似文献   

爆发性流行病病原对中国对虾仔虾的人工感染实验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘萍  孔杰  李健  粱兴明  石拓 《海洋科学》1998,22(1):1-3

为了探讨暴发性流行病病原——中国对虾皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒(HHNBV)在仔虾阶段的传播途径和感染方式,同时为建立高健康无特异病原虾系统提供检测手段,探讨改善对虾苗种培育措施,为养成提供健康苗种,作者对中国对虾仔虾进行了暴发性流行病原人工投喂感染试验以及检测方法的研究。1　材料与方法1.1　试验材料1.1.1　病虾的来源　发病对虾来源于1994年山东青岛郊区患爆发性流行病虾池的对虾,并经过电镜切片观察确认为感染HHNBV。1.1.2　毒种分离　取发病的对虾头胸甲部分约200g,去掉甲壳和肝胰腺,剩余部分加入1×10-9溶液(NaCl24g/…  相似文献   

对虾选择育种研究进展     

孔杰  栾生  谭建  隋娟  罗坤  李旭鹏  代平  孟宪红  卢霞  陈宝龙  曹家旺  曹宝祥 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,50(9)

对虾生长速度快、肉质鲜美、出肉率高,2017年世界养殖产量超过520万t,在水产养殖业中占有重要的地位。对虾产业链条完备,对优质种苗的需求迫切,是水产种业的一个典型代表种。对虾繁殖力强、性成熟周期短,室内全人工养殖、繁育技术成熟,易于开展遗传改良工作,但选种和配种技术对选育进展和可持续性影响大。以规模化家系为基础的多性状综合选育技术,是支撑当前对虾种业发展的关键技术。本文综述了对虾生长、抗性、饲料转化效率、繁殖力等经济性状的测试与遗传评估方法,并对其遗传参数、基因型与环境互作效应和选择反应等进行了系统分析,包括近些年发展起来的基因组选择,间接遗传效应分析等方法的最新结果,以期为精准、高效和可持续对虾选育提供参考。  相似文献   

暴发性流行病病原对中国对虾亲虾人工感染及对子代影响的PCR检测   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

刘萍  孔杰  石拓  刘志鸿  李健  韩玲玲 《海洋与湖沼》1999,30(2):139-144

１９９７年４月在山东海阳市近海捕获１０尾中国对虾,采用患暴发性流行病的虾池中的病虾为毒种,进行人工感染试验采用两次了聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）检测方法,对感染亲虾的胃、腮、卵巢,以及卵和各期幼体进行跟踪检测,对经人工感染的１０尾亲虾组织的ＰＣＲ检测结果表明,６尾虾的胃样呈阳性,其中４尾为第１次检测出阳性;１尾虾的产呈阳性;２尾虾的卵巢样呈阳性,且其所产的孵子也呈阳性;每尾亲虾产卵所孵化出来的各期纪体,  相似文献   

扇贝精液超低温冷冻保存技术的研究   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14  

杨爱国  王清印  孔杰  刘志鸿  刘萍  王如才 《海洋与湖沼》1999,30(6):624-628

于１９９７年３月￣１９９７年５月,取山东长岛和青岛太平角海区的虾夷扇贝和栉孔扇贝,采用自然排放法和解剖法取精液,用自然海水作基础溶液,采用不同的抗并保护剂、冷冻速度、平衡时间,对精子的存活率、受精率和孵 进行了研究。结果表明,两种扇贝的精子以自然海水为基础溶液,加８￣１０％的ＤＭＳＯ作为抗冻保护剂,距液氮表面２５ｃｍ、２０ｃｍ、１０ｃｍ各停留８ｍｉｎ,移入液氮中保存;解冻时,距液氮表面１０ｃｍ、１  相似文献   

Genome-wide mining,characterization, and development of microsatellite markers in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Marsupenaeus japonicus</Emphasis> by genome survey sequencing     

卢霞  栾生  孔杰  胡龙洋  毛勇  钟声平 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2017,35(1):203-214

The kuruma prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus, is one of the most cultivated and consumed species of shrimp. However, very few molecular genetic/genomic resources are publically available for it. Thus, the characterization and distribution of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) remains ambiguous and the use of SSR markers in genomic studies and marker-assisted selection is limited. The goal of this study is to characterize and develop genome-wide SSR markers in M. japonicus by genome survey sequencing for application in comparative genomics and breeding. A total of 326 945 perfect SSRs were identified, among which dinucleotide repeats were the most frequent class (44.08%), followed by mononucleotides (29.67%), trinucleotides (18.96%), tetranucleotides (5.66%), hexanucleotides (1.07%), and pentanucleotides (0.56%). In total, 151 541 SSR loci primers were successfully designed. A subset of 30 SSR primer pairs were synthesized and tested in 42 individuals from a wild population, of which 27 loci (90.0%) were successfully amplified with specific products and 24 (80.0%) were polymorphic. For the amplified polymorphic loci, the alleles ranged from 5 to 17 (with an average of 9.63), and the average PIC value was 0.796. A total of 58 256 SSR-containing sequences had significant Gene Ontology annotation; these are good functional molecular marker candidates for association studies and comparative genomic analysis. The newly identified SSRs significantly contribute to the M. japonicus genomic resources and will facilitate a number of genetic and genomic studies, including high density linkage mapping, genome-wide association analysis, marker-aided selection, comparative genomics analysis, population genetics, and evolution.  相似文献   

中国对虾一种C型杆状病毒随机扩增多态性DNA分析   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13  

孔杰  石拓  刘萍  韩玲玲  徐怀恕  相建海 《海洋与湖沼》1997,28(4):394-398

于１９９４年和１９９５两年的７月从青岛崂山上马镇养虾场中染病的中国地虾中分离纯化出一种Ｃ型杆状病毒。为建立中国对虾病毒的鉴别和检测技术，利用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ技术对电泳纯化的病毒ＤＮＡ进行分析和研究。将病虾匀浆、经差速离心和蔗糖密度梯度离心纯化获得完整病毒粒子；从病毒中提取ＤＮＡ后再进行电泳纯化，收集长度完整，均一的病毒ＤＮＡ：在其他参数保持不变的情况下，对Ｏｐｅｒｏｎ生产的１０碱基随机引物Ｋ试  相似文献   

一种基于几何特征的面状地理要素变化检测方法     

李新滨  江娜  孔杰 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,34(3):177-180

利用分类方法快速更新基础地理信息数据是保持其现势性的一种重要方法,分类后变化检测是其中一个难点.文章提出一种基于几何特征的面状地理要素变化检测方法,将提取的面状地理要素与待更新要素对比,计算两者多边形质心距离、形状系数、周长和面积相似程度等几何特征来判断要素是否发生变化,从而进行更新.实验结果表明,该方法能处理分类后多...  相似文献   

铸铁管道胶圈承插接口抗震性能试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈春光  杨庆华  孔杰  解晓杰  廖倩 《地震工程与工程振动》2012,32(3):104-108

铸铁管道是城市供水工程常用的管材,其接口的抗震性能是地震多发地区供水管网设计必须考虑的因素之一。为研究胶圈承插接口的力学性能参数,采用了原型拉拔试验,测定了管道胶圈接口拉拔力与接口变形量,通过试验数据分析,证明了胶圈承插接口具有良好的抗震性能,接头最大允许变形量可达3～4 cm,测定出铸铁管胶圈承插接口单位接触面积弹簧系数值在32～125 N/(cm.cm-2)之间、单位接触面积接头最大抗力为45～75 N/cm2。  相似文献