The characterization and distribution of aerosol and gaseous species in the winter monsoon over the western pacific ocean     

Ito  T.  Okita  T.  Ikegami  M.  Kanazawa  I. 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1986,4(4):401-411

In order to obtain a better understanding of the behavior of aerosols and SO₂ in the longrange transport through a marine boundary layer, a simple box-model is applied to the evaluation of the residence times of the species from the concentrations of gases and aerosols measured simulataneously on two islands in the West Pacific Ocean in the north-west monsoon. For Aitken and large particles, the residence time is varied from 3.7 to 7.4 days depending on the particle size, and their flux to the sea is equal to or slightly smaller than that of the free atmosphere. The residence time of giant particles is about one day and their flux to the sea is three times larger than that of the free atmosphere. The residence time of SO₂ is 15 hr, and the relative SO₂ mass flows of the deposition to the sea, of the diffusion to the free atmosphere and of the transformation to SO₄ ^2- are approximately 4, 1 and 1, respectively.  相似文献   

Aerosol optical thickness retrieval over the Atlantic Ocean using GOES imager data     

M Moula  J Verdebout  H Eva 《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2002,27(35):1525-1531

An algorithm based on simulated satellite signal calculated by the 6S radiative transfer model has been developed in order to retrieve the aerosol optical thickness of dust over the Atlantic ocean. The algorithm is applied to the visible channel of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES 8) images. The inversion uses a look-up table giving the satellite signal intensity as a function of surface albedo, viewing geometry, solar illumination and the optical properties of the aerosols. The study consists of assessing the feasibility of monitoring and mapping the transport of suspended particles across the Atlantic from the Sahara to the Caribbean. The study area is between 10 and 25 N and 30 and 65 W. The optical thickness of aerosols has been calculated over a period of 11 days between 10th and 20th of June 1997 for the 14:15 UT GOES image acquisition. The calculated aerosol optical thickness ranges from 0.0 to 0.81 with an important event of dust presence occurring between 13th and 16th of June. The retrieved aerosol optical thickness is in good agreement with the values obtained between 14h UT and 15h UT from ground based sun photometer measurements on the island of Guadeloupe, and a coefficient correlation (R²) of 0.88 has been found between the data sets.  相似文献   

中国大气气溶胶研究综述   总被引：108，自引：3，他引：108  

毛节泰  张军华  王美华 《气象学报》2002,60(5):625-634

文中综合论述了近 2 0年来中国大气气溶胶研究状况 ,包括对大气气溶胶的直接采样分析 ,地面和卫星的遥感 ,大气气溶胶辐射特性及其气候效应的研究以及沙尘暴的形成、输送及气候效应的研究等。直接采样分析不仅研究了气溶胶的浓度和粒子谱分布等特性 ,而且也对其化学组分做了分析 ,高空气球采样得到了对流层和低平流层的气溶胶样品 ,并用X能谱电子显微镜进行了分析。地面遥感和多种卫星资料 ,包括AVHRR ,SVISSR ,TOMS ,POLDER等 ,被用来研究大气气溶胶的辐射特性 ,并提出了用消光和前向散射相结合和利用天空散射光分布反演粒子谱分布相函数等方法。开展了有关气溶胶气候效应的数值模拟研究 ,并对非球形粒子以及吸湿性粒子的作用做了专门的计算。对沙尘粒子的直接观测为研究其生成条件和输送特性提供了基础数据。文中对不同的研究方法进行了初步评述 ,并对气溶胶的研究提出几点建议。  相似文献   

Aerosol concentration measurement with multiple light scattering system and laser aerosol spectrometer     

Wladyslaw Witold Szymanski 《Atmospheric Research》2002,62(3-4)

The performance of two different optical concentration-measuring techniques was investigated over a concentration range starting with about 10² cm⁻³ and extending over more than four decades. Both instruments are capable of real-time counting, however due to their particular design-single particle counter and ensemble particle-measuring system—they operate in overlapping, but different concentration ranges. The upper, coincidence-free counting limit for the single particle counter used in this study was established to be in the order of 10⁴ cm⁻³. The ensemble technique was found to be functional and stable for concentrations of about 10³ cm⁻³ and limited by the onset of multiple scattering at concentrations nearby 2×10⁶ cm⁻³. Within the determined boundaries, both techniques proved to provide reliable aerosol concentration data.  相似文献   

兰州市城关区冬季TSP的监测分析及其与辐射的关系   总被引：5，自引：7，他引：5  

奚晓霞  权建农  陈长和  赵秀娟 《高原气象》2002,21(4):427-431

气溶胶的气候效应是目前全球气候变化和数值模拟预测研究中的关键环节和最热门的前沿科学问题，也是了解气候变化机理的基础。为此，通过对兰州市城关区冬季不同高度大气气溶胶及太阳辐射的监测，对该地区气溶胶质量浓度状况及其辐射效应进行了分析。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地区域沙尘气溶胶特征分析   总被引：1，自引：7，他引：1  

高卫东  魏文寿  刘明哲 《干旱区地理》2002,25(2):165-169

沙尘天气是塔里木盆地地区常见的天气现象，对大气沙尘气溶胶的分析表明，沙尘暴期间，沙尘气溶胶浓度远大于非尘暴期间。由于两地地理环境的差异，沙尘暴期间，策勒站细颗粒质量百分比呈下降趋势；阿克苏站细颗粒质量百分比呈上升趋势。说明尘暴期间由于当地沙尘源丰富，细粒物质较多，当风速达到起沙风速时，细粒物质迅速被携带到高空，成为沙尘气溶胶的主要来源。阿克苏站大气气溶胶中Al等元素在不同高度的谱分布呈单峰型，浓度最大值出现在4.7-7.0μm范围内，说明当地大气气溶胶颗粒主要来源于地表沙源。富集因子分析表明，阿克苏站和策勒站沙尘暴和扬尘天气的各地壳元素含量均高于浮尘和背景大气，而且能见度愈小，高出的比例愈大；各种沙尘天气发生时，均以亲地元素的浓度为最高。  相似文献   

2006年春季我国东部海域气溶胶光学厚度与沙尘天气   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

申彦波  王标  石广玉 《地球科学进展》2008,23(3):290-298

结合船基的太阳光度计观测资料和空基卫星遥感的MODIS气溶胶光学厚度资料,研究了我国东部海域气溶胶光学厚度与沙尘天气的关系。通过对不同天气条件下500 nm气溶胶光学厚度的分析,得出晴天(背景天气)、有云和浮尘以及只有浮尘时的平均值分别约为0.2、0.6和1.3以上;将MODIS的气溶胶光学厚度与船基观测资料进行对比之后发现,两者随时间的变化趋势非常一致,但前者在数值上明显偏高;利用订正后的MODIS资料,分析了2006年春季我国东部海域气溶胶光学厚度的时空分布特征,并与我国北方发生的沙尘天气进行了对比,发现两者之间关系密切。  相似文献   

Size dependent partitioning of organic material: evidence for the formation of organic coatings on aqueous aerosols     

T. Anttila  A. Kiendler-Scharr  Th. F. Mentel  R. Tillmann 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2007,57(3):215-237

Organic aerosol formation resulting from the ozonolysis of α-pinene, myrcene and sabinene was investigated in a large aerosol chamber in the presence of aqueous seed aerosols. The chemical composition of the particles was monitored by an aerosol mass spectrometer (Aerodyne Research Inc.) as a function of time and the particle size. Smaller particles were found to contain more organics relative to sulfate than the larger ones. In contrast, the water to sulfate mass ratio was not dependent on the particle size. These experimental findings indicate the formation of organic layers on the particles. With the aid of an aerosol dynamic model we demonstrate that the observations are consistent with the formation of multilayered organic films having thicknesses of approximately 10 nm. The results also suggest that the films were formed through condensation of low-volatile oxidation products that did not take up water considerably. Even though dissolution of oxidation products into the particle aqueous phase cannot be conclusively ruled out, the most plausible interpretation of the results is that the monoterpene ozonolysis lead to the formation of organic coatings on aqueous aerosols. Such films are likely to form in regions with monoterpene emissions.  相似文献   

敦煌地区春季大气气溶胶粒子数浓度的分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

申彦波  沈志宝  杜明远 《高原气象》2007,26(1):158-164

利用2002年春季在敦煌地区戈壁沙漠和绿洲农田观测的大气气溶胶粒子数浓度资料, 分析了它与沙尘天气的关系、谱分布特征以及两种地表下粒子数浓度的差异.结果表明, 不同天气条件下的大气气溶胶粒子数浓度有着不同的特征.在背景天气下, 敦煌地区的大气气溶胶粒子数浓度通常在104L-1以下, 其中以直径在0.5～1.0 μm之间的极细颗粒为主, 绿洲农田细粒子(直径＜3.0 μm)的数浓度高于戈壁沙漠, 而较粗粒子(直径＞3.0 μm)则相反.当沙尘天气发生时, 该地区的大气气溶胶粒子数浓度增大到105 L-1以上, 直径在1.0～3.0 μm之间的细粒子变为其主要成分, 戈壁沙漠4档的粒子数浓度均高于绿洲农田, 3.0 μm以上的较粗粒子两地的差异更大.  相似文献   

Studies of Aerosols in The Marine Boundary Layer in the Coastal Area During The EOPACE’99 Campaign     

T.?ZielinskiEmail author  J.?Piskozub 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2005,116(3):533-541

Results are presented based on measurements taken using an FLS-12 lidar system and laser particle counters only on the Atlantic coast of the U.S.A. during a campaign within the scope of the international EOPACE experiment. The objectives of the EOPACE (Electro-optical Propagation Assessment in Coastal Environments) effort, which was conducted in Duck, N.C. (U.S.A.) between 25 February and 11 March 1999, involved investigating, developing and evaluating ocean and coastal aerosol models and their effects on visibility; integrating and developing simple, realistic models for infrared propagation near the ocean surface and developing a consistent chemical/optical model for aerosol particles suitable for inclusion in navy meteorological models.  相似文献