超压对碎屑岩机械压实作用的抑制与孔隙度预测     

肖丽华  高煜婷  田伟志  姜文亚  王又春  郭日鑫  赵小庆  梁宏伟 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2011,30(4):400-406

为了研究超压对碎屑岩储层机械压实作用的抑制作用和预测超压背景下碎屑岩储层的孔隙度,本文根据压力平衡原理,推导了地层超压与有效埋深的关系方程,并在综合考虑超压、溶蚀和胶结作用的基础上,建立了超压背景下储层孔隙度的预测模型。结果表明,盆地中地层的密度越小,超压对碎屑岩储层机械压实的抑制效果越明显。三个不同时代、不同类型沉积盆地的孔隙度预测结果表明,应用本文建立的储层孔隙度预测模型所预测储层孔隙度的误差均低于Gluyas和Cade方程,而且孔隙度预测的误差随地层时代的变老而增大。在储层胶结物小于10%的条件下,新生代超压盆地碎屑岩储层孔隙度的预测误差小于2%,而中生代超压盆地储层孔隙度的预测误差大于5%。本文建立的超压背景下的碎屑岩储层孔隙度预测模型仅适用于时代较新超压盆地的孔隙度预测。  相似文献   

Modeling of electromagnetic waves in axisymmetric geometry using a Laguerre spectral method     

A.F. Mastryukov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2011,52(9):1035-1042

A spectral method for modeling high-frequency electromagnetic waves in axisymmetric geometry is proposed.The method is based on the expansion of the solutions of Maxwell’s equations in Laguerre functions in the time region.The spectral method is used to solve Maxwell’s equations for both 2D media and stratified media. In the case of stratified media, a Fourier–Bessel expansion in the radial variable is used. The effectiveness of the spectral and finite-difference methods is compared. Harmonic solutions and solitary solutions by the Laguerre method are considered, and the dynamics of monochromatic and broadband electromagnetic pulses are examined.  相似文献   

A review of the equations used to predict the velocity distribution within a ship’s propeller jet     

W. Lam  G.A. Hamil  Y.C. Song  S. Raghunathan 《Ocean Engineering》2011,38(1):1-10

Predicting the velocity within the ship’s propeller jet is the initial step to investigate the scouring made by the propeller jet. Albertson et al. (1950) suggested the investigation of a submerged jet can be undertaken through observation of the plain water jet from an orifice. The plain water jet investigation of Albertson et al. (1950) was based on the axial momentum theory. This has been the basis of all subsequent work with propeller jets. In reality, the velocity characteristic of a ship’s propeller jet is more complicated than a plain water jet. Fuehrer and Römisch (1977), Blaauw and van de Kaa (1978), Berger et al. (1981), Verhey (1983) and Hamill (1987) have carried out investigations using physical model. Current paper reviews the state-of-art of the equations used to predict the time-averaged axial, tangential and radial components of velocity within the zone of flow establishment and the zone of established flow of a ship’s propeller jet.  相似文献   

1990s年代际转型前后南海季风系统的季节变化     

黄菲  邢雯  李元妮  张旭  董静舒 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,(Z1):9-15

利用多变量经验正交分解(MV-EOF)等方法,研究了在季节变化尺度上南海季风系统的时空分布特征。结果表明:南海夏季风的爆发时间在1993—1994年前后存在显著的年代际转型,由爆发偏晚转变成爆发偏早。第一模态表现为冬夏反位相的年周期变化,但爆发早年夏季风持续时间略长于爆发晚年,空间上都反映了南海中央海盆区的夏季强降水和850 hPa上南海北部的气旋性环流异常,但夏季风爆发早年中国华南沿海降水加强而南海南部降水偏少。相应的大范围环流场上主要反映了南海夏季风爆发后进入盛夏时节亚太地区大范围的环流特征,南海夏季风爆发偏早年索马里越赤道气流偏强,东亚季风槽位置偏北,爆发偏晚年则相反。第二模态反映了南海季风系统春秋反位相的季节变化,且秋季的振幅更强,空间降水场上对应着秋季华南沿海和南海北部与南海中南部北旱南涝的跷跷板式分布,850 hPa风场上则主要表现为异常的东北季风,该模态时空特征表明南海夏季风爆发偏早年的秋季,冬季风建立也偏早,越南及周边地区的降水偏多。相应的大范围环流场上则主要反映了冬季风的环流特征,在南海夏季风爆发偏早年的秋季,菲律宾以东的热带对流减弱,PJ波列增强,爆发晚年则相反。  相似文献   

A Review of the IAG GeoPT™ and Certification Programmes,their Protocols,and the Differences between the Original and Potential Modifications to the Certification Protocol          下载免费PDF全文

Jean S. Kane 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2015,39(4):419-432

The IAG conducts two programmes, the GeoPT ^? proficiency test and a certification programme that are closely interconnected. Both support the quality control/quality assurance activities of geochemical laboratories. Each derives an estimate of ‘true value’ for a number of samples, but arrives at that estimate, and its uncertainty, differently. This review discusses the history of the two programmes and compares the ‘true values’ and their uncertainties obtained through each. It then considers ‘fitness‐for‐purpose’ issues related to both GeoPT ^? and certification uncertainties. Issues related to potential modification of the IAG protocol for certification are also considered.  相似文献   

航空重力测量中的厄特弗斯改正     

田颜锋  刘晓刚  孙文  朱军 《测绘工程》2011,20(3):9-11,20

为提高航空重力测量数据的处理精度,在分析厄特弗斯改正计算模型的基础上,研究飞机的速度误差、方位误差和位置误差对厄特弗斯改正的精度影响,进一步研究模型中平方项对滤波处理的影响。结果表明：速度误差是影响厄特弗斯改正精度的主要因素,另外,厄特弗斯改正不需要进行滤波处理。  相似文献   

用数值方法模拟观测误差对水质浓度反演模型参数的影响 ——以叶绿素a浓度为例     

陈军  付军  孙记红 《国土资源遥感》2011,22(1):57-61

在2003年10月27日和28日观测的太湖水质光谱试验数据的支持下,利用数值模拟方法研究了试验数据误差与水质浓度反演模型经验常数之间的关系。研究结果表明,当试验数据误差分别服从正态分布与均匀分布时,反演模型的经验常数随着试验数据误差的增加而呈发散状态。根据试验数据误差与反演精度的关系可知,26.58%的试验误差对应着30%的反演精度,这就意味着在不考虑遥感影像处理所产生误差的前提下,严格控制试验数据误差在26.58%以内,是反演精度打破±30%的技术瓶颈的关键要素之一。  相似文献   

Weakening of Interannual Variability in the Summer East Asian Upper-tropospheric Westerly Jet since the Mid-1990s   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

LU Riyu  YE Hong  Jong-Ghap JHUN 《大气科学进展》2011,28(6):1246-1258

In this study,we found that the intensity of interannual variability in the summer upper-tropospheric zonal wind has significantly weakened over Northeast Asia and the subtropical western North Pacific(WNP) since the mid-1990s,concurrent with the previously documented decrease of the westerly jet over North China and Northwest China.Corresponding to this weakening of zonal wind variability,the meridional displacement of the East Asian westerly jet(EAJ) manifested as the leading mode of zonal wind variability over the WNP and East Asia(WNP-EA) before the mid-1990s but not afterward.The energetics of the anomalous pattern associated with the meridional displacement of the EAJ suggests that barotropic energy conversion,from basic flow to anomalous patterns,has led to the weakening of the variability in the EAJ meridional displacement and to a change in the leading dominant mode since the mid-1990s.The barotropic energy conversion efficiently maintained the anomalies associated with the variability in the EAJ meridional displacement during 1979-1993 but acted to dampen the anomalies during 1994-2008.A further investigation of the energetics suggests that the difference in the patterns of the circulation anomaly associated with either the first leading mode or the meridional displacement of the EAJ,i.e.,a southwest-northeast tilted pattern during 1979-1993 and a zonally oriented pattern during 1994-2008,has contributed greatly to the change in barotropic energy conversion.  相似文献   

Variability in erosion rates related to the state of landscape transience in the semi‐arid Chilean Andes     

Germán Aguilar  Rodrigo Riquelme  Joseph Martinod  José Darrozes  Eric Maire 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(13):1736-1748

We quantify erosion rates in the higher sectors of the Huasco Valley, in the Main Cordillera of the semi‐arid Andes of Chile, using elevation differences between three successive geomorphic markers (pediments and paleo‐valleys) and the present day valley. Available Ar‐Ar ages of Neogene pediments are used to estimate mean erosion rates for the three periods (16 to 13 My, 13 to 8 My, and following 8 My). The landscape of the Huasco Valley is in a transient state, as indicated by well‐preserved pediment surfaces in interfluves, valleys deeply incised by fluvial and glacial erosion and scarped head‐valleys that represent the current knickzones. Higher erosion rates (45–75 m/My) are calculated for the more recent period (< 8 My) during which deep incision developed compared to previous periods (6–31 m/My). Quantitative data indicate that glaciers had a much higher erosional capability than fluvial activity in the higher sectors of the Main Cordillera. Comparison with erosion rates calculated in other drainage basins of the Chilean Andes suggests that the variability of erosion rates depends on the landscape's transient erosive state. The landscape's geomorphologic response to the uplift of the Main Cordillera results in the retreat of a knickzone, for which retreat velocity depends on precipitation rate pattern and glacial erosion intensity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Delay time optimization in blasting operations for mitigating the vibration-effects on final pit walls' stability     

X.Z. Shi  SH.R Chen 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011

Blasting induced vibration is one of the fundamental problems in the open-pit mines and intense vibration can cause critical damage to structures and plants nearby the open-pit mines, especially to the final pit wall's stability. It is very important to study how to control vibration induced by blasting in the mitigation of negative effects of blasting in open-pit mines. This study aims to examine the propagation of blasting induced ground vibrations and find the feasible approaches to reduce the harmful effects of vibrations induced by blasting on the final pit wall's stability. For this purpose, a series of field experiments were conducted in XinQiao Mining Co. Ltd. Sixty-six events and the blasting parameters of these shots were carefully recorded. During the statistical analysis of the collected data, the predictor equation proposed by the United States Bureau of Mines (USBM) was used to establish a relationship between the Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) and the Scaled Distance (SD) factor. The relationship between PPV and SD was determined and proposed to be used in this open-pit mine. Control of maximum charge amount per delay and the selection optimum interval time to reduce the intensity of vibration by waveform interference were applied in practice. Based on the field experiments, we can determine the maximum charge amount per delay and 15 ms delay were proposed to be used in this site, and a decrease in vibration of 24.5% was obtained.  相似文献