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31.
粘土矿物对尖刺拟菱形藻多列型生长和藻毒素产生的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
于１９９４年１－７月在加拿大贝德福（Ｂｅｄｆｏｒｄ）海洋研究所进行粘土矿物（ｈａｌｌｏｙｓｉｔｅ）对尖刺拟菱形藻（Ｐｓｕｅｄｏｎｉｔｚｓｃｈｉａｐｕｎｇｅｎｓｆ．ｍｕｌｔｉｓｅｒｉｅｓ）生长和藻毒素软骨藻酸（ＤｏｍｏｉｃＡｃｉｄ,下简称ＤＡ）生成的影响研究,在Ｇｏｍｐｅｒｔｚ菌类生长方程的基础上,建立了尖刺拟菱形藻生长速率模型,得到各实验条件下的藻细胞最大生长速率,结果表明,粘土矿物对藻细胞的“遮 相似文献
32.
Paralytic shellfish toxins(PSTs) are notorious neurotoxins that threaten public health and food safety worldwide.Although PST monitoring programs have recently been established throughout China, the profiles and variation of PSTs in important commercial clams(e.g., Mactra veneriformis, Ruditapes philippinarum, and Meretrix meretrix) along the Jiangsu Province coastline remain largely unexplored. In this study, a validated hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(HILIC-MS/MS) method was used to examine PST profiles and levels in 540 clam samples from natural production areas along Jiangsu Province coastline during2014–2016. Although the PST levels(≤6.38 μg saxitotoxin equivalents(eq)/kg) were consistently below European Union regulatory limits(≤800 μg saxitotoxin eq/kg) during this time period, saxitotoxin, decarbamoylsaxitotoxin,and gonyautoxins 1 and 4 were detected, and nearly 40% of the samples were saxitotoxin-positive. The PST levels also varied significantly by seasons, with peak values observed in May during 2014–2016. This is the first systematic report of PSTs in clams from Jiangsu Province, and additional research and protective measures are needed to ensure the safety of clams harvested in this area. 相似文献
33.
Effects of nitrate and phosphate on growth and C2 toxin productivity of Alexandrium tamarense CI01 in culture 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Growth and C2 toxin productivity of a marine dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamarense CI01 (ATCI01) which predominantly produces C2 toxin, were studied in unialgal batch cultures to optimize the concentrations of nitrate and phosphate for a maximal toxin yield. A range of start concentrations of the two major nutrients was determined in which algal growth was proportional to the nutrient concentrations used. The highest concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in this growth-enhancing range were 264 and 20 μM, respectively. In this concentration range, the C2 toxin yield (μg/l) and cellular toxin content (Qt, fmole per cell) reached a maximum at the lowest end of phosphate (5 μM) and the highest end of nitrate (264 μM). Further increase in the supply of nitrate continued to enhance the toxin yield. Our results indicated that the growth and toxin productivity of this algal strain in batch cultures had distinctly different optimal ranges of nitrate and phosphate concentrations. For a maximum toxin yield, a judicious use of phosphate under a nitrate-replete condition is called for. 相似文献
34.
Effects of nitrate and phosphate on growth and C2 toxin productivity of Alexandrium tamarense CI01 in culture 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Growth and C2 toxin productivity of a marine dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamarense CI01 (ATCI01) which predominantly produces C2 toxin, were studied in unialgal batch cultures to optimize the concentrations of nitrate and phosphate for a maximal toxin yield. A range of start concentrations of the two major nutrients was determined in which algal growth was proportional to the nutrient concentrations used. The highest concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in this growth-enhancing range were 264 and 20 μM, respectively. In this concentration range, the C2 toxin yield (μg/l) and cellular toxin content (Qt, fmole per cell) reached a maximum at the lowest end of phosphate (5 μM) and the highest end of nitrate (264 μM). Further increase in the supply of nitrate continued to enhance the toxin yield. Our results indicated that the growth and toxin productivity of this algal strain in batch cultures had distinctly different optimal ranges of nitrate and phosphate concentrations. For a maximum toxin yield, a judicious use of phosphate under a nitrate-replete condition is called for. 相似文献
35.
Isolation and identification of a marine killer yeast strain YF07b and cloning of the gene encoding killer toxin from the yeast 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
It was found that the marine yeast strain YF07b could secrete a large amount of killer toxin against a pathogenic yeast strain WCY which could cause milky disease in Portunus trituberculatus.The marine yeast strain YF07b was identified to be Pichia anomala according to the results of routine yeast identification and 18S rDNA and ITS sequences.The gene encoding killer toxin in the marine yeast strain YF07b was amplified by PCR technology.After sequencing,the results show that an open reading frame,consisting of 1 281 bp,encoded a presumed protein of 427 amino acids.The sequence of the cloned gene was found to have 99% match with that of the gene encoding killer toxin in Pichia anomalas strain K.A signal peptide including 17 amino acids appeared in the N-terminal domain of the killer toxin.Therefore,the mature protein consisted of 410 amino acids,its molecular mass was estimated to be 47.4 ku and its isoelctronic point was 4.5. 相似文献
36.
麻痹性贝毒能够在贝类体内累积,威胁海产品消费者健康。在以往调查中,多次在毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)体内发现高含量的麻痹性贝毒,但对于毛蚶体内麻痹性贝毒的转化过程及其食品安全风险还缺乏认识。通过室内模拟实验,选择太平洋亚历山大藻(Alexandrium pacificum)和链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)作为产毒藻种,研究了两种有毒藻种所产麻痹性贝毒在毛蚶体内的转化过程。结果表明,毛蚶体内主要出现了三种麻痹性贝毒转化过程,一是R1位羟基的还原反应,二是N-磺酰氨甲酰基类毒素R4位磺酸基团的水解反应,三是含羟基苯甲酸(hydroxybenzoate)基团的链状裸甲藻毒素在R4位的水解反应。毛蚶体内麻痹性贝毒的生物转化过程复杂,对毛蚶毒性的影响具有一定的不确定性,未来仍需要进一步深化毛蚶体内毒素累积、代谢、转化过程的研究,同时加强对毛蚶体内毒素含量的全面监测,防范毛蚶可能导致的麻痹性贝毒中毒风险。 相似文献
37.
选取具有显著产毒差异的利玛原甲藻(Prorocentrum lima) SHG株与2XS株为研究对象,以2-13C-甘氨酸为示踪原料结合高分辨质谱方法,为腹泻性贝类毒素及其酯化态毒素合成与代谢途径的研究提供新方法和思路。结果表明,两株藻共发现16种腹泻性贝毒及其酯化态毒素成分。对照培养条件下SHG株(大田软海绵酸毒素含量为7.88 pg/cell,鳍藻毒素1含量为4.35 pg/cell)的产毒能力高于2XS株(大田软海绵酸毒素5.70pg/cell),而甘氨酸作为氮源培养条件可显著提高两株藻的产毒总量(P<0.05)。13C-甘氨酸标记组与甘氨酸培养组单细胞产毒量无显著变化(P>0.05)。腹泻性贝毒被标记后其同位素异构体丰度发生变化,其中酯化态受13C标记的影响程度更高,二级质谱图清晰表示出其碎片离子及脱水峰的标记情况。该方法直观阐明了甘氨酸可作为P. lima标记原料的产毒供体,并使用稳定同位素标记方法首次实现了酯化态的同步标记,有助于腹泻性贝毒生成机制的进一步研究。 相似文献
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39.
利玛原甲藻(Prorocentrumlima,P.lima)是全球广泛分布的有害赤潮藻类,也是腹泻性贝毒(DiarrheticShellfish Toxins,DSTs)的主要产生藻之一,其产生的DSTs给海洋环境、渔业及人类健康带来了严重的危害。研究发现,全球范围内不同P.lima藻株的产毒能力具有显著差异,多种环境因子如营养盐、盐度、光照等因素均会对P.lima的产毒能力产生影响,从而决定了不同区域贝类中DSTs的风险。本文比较分析了全球范围内P.lima的产毒差异,并重点解析了环境因子对其产毒能力的影响,对于全球范围内P. lima产毒能力差异及影响因素形成了较为系统的科学认知,对未来开展P. lima海洋生态学及食品安全研究具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
40.
对 2种有毒亚历山大藻——引自台湾的微小亚历山大藻 AMTK- ( Alexandriumminutum AMTK- )和引自美国阿拉斯加的亚历山大藻 KW0 6( Alexandrium sp.KW0 6)——在不同生长阶段的产毒状况、毒素组成和毒性大小进行了研究 ,比较了两者的异同。结果显示 ,2种藻的单位细胞毒素含量与培养阶段的变化趋势是一致的 ,即在对数生长初期达最高 ,之后逐渐下降 ;微小亚历山大藻 AMTK- 主要生产 GTXs毒素 ,从对数生长后期到静止期其毒素组成比有所变化 ,GTX1 ,GTX4比例增高而 GTX2 ,GTX3降低 ,亚历山大藻KW0 6主要生产 STX毒素 ;亚历山大藻 KW0 6的毒性高于微小亚历山大藻 AMTK- 。 相似文献