应用主成分构建的暴雨致灾能力评估指数及其应用          下载免费PDF全文

陈永仁  于浩慧  魏挪巍 《高原山地气象研究》2019,39(3):20-26

为了构建合理的四川暴雨致灾能力评估指数(简称:评估指数),本文对2008~2018年四川地区126次致灾性暴雨过程,选取刻画暴雨特征的8个降水量因子,利用总体主成分和阈值法确立因子的权重及阈值,由此建立了评估指数模型。经历史个例反演及预报个例的评估应用表明:(1)暴雨区域的平均雨量值,≥25mm/h的面积及大暴雨面积是影响四川暴雨致灾能力强弱的关键因子,利用主成分构建的评估指数较好的反映了历次暴雨过程的致灾能力,当指数达0.8以上时,一般对应着大型及以上暴雨灾害。(2)结合经济损失及气象灾害评估分级处置标准,将评估指数划为4个等级。基于此,利用每日08时和20时四川省气象台订正的0.05°×0.05°预报降水数据,输入评估指数模型计算未来3d的指数及对应的致灾能力落区等级空间分布。实际应用表明,评估指数模型对评估暴雨过程的整体致灾能力及具体的暴雨致灾能力落区等级分布有显著的实用性。   相似文献   

大涡技术对模拟台风眼墙替换过程的影响          下载免费PDF全文

陈小宇  吴立广  李煜斌 《大气科学学报》2019,42(2):161-173

眼墙替换是影响台风强度和内核结构的一种重要过程。本研究在高分辨率的数值理想试验中加入大涡模拟技术,对比分析大涡模拟对眼墙替换过程的影响。结果表明:大涡模拟的加入使得模拟台风的强度和边界层入流增强。整个眼墙替换过程共用时约20～22 h,但大涡模拟试验中外眼墙形成更迅速,同时强度和上升运动偏弱。外眼墙完全取代内眼墙之后的台风强度超过替换过程之前的强度。此外,使用大涡技术可以更好地模拟出眼墙替换过程中内外眼墙之间的moat区下沉运动,结构特征与前人观测中所发现的结构特征一致。因此,在台风数值研究中引入大涡模拟技术,有助于更好地模拟眼墙替换过程中的台风结构特征和变化。  相似文献   

海南岛橡胶割胶期的气候适宜度变化特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈小敏  刘少军  张京红  陈汇林 《气象与环境科学》2019,42(2):35-41

选取海南省18个市县气象站19612017年逐日气象资料,构建逐月橡胶割胶单要素(温度、日照时数、降水量和降水日数、风速)和综合气候适宜度模型,分析其时空变化特征。结果表明:1)海南岛天然橡胶单要素适宜度对比排序:日照适宜度最高,降水和风速适宜度次之,温度适宜度最低。2)橡胶割胶气候适宜度为0.43~0.80,其中411月较高,适宜割胶;12月至次年3月较低,不适宜割胶。3)天然橡胶割胶适宜度高值区主要分布在海南岛中部地区,该区温度适宜度较高,降水量充足,年平均风速小;低值区主要分布在西部和北部沿海地区,该区主要因为年平均风速大,降雨量不足,易造成干旱;其余地区为适宜度次高值区,该区热量和降水都比较充足,但也容易受高温干旱或风害影响,应予以重点防范。4)19612017年海南岛橡胶割胶期气候适宜度总体呈明显增大趋势,气候倾向率为0.009/10a。  相似文献   

Geological Controls on the CBM Productivity of No.15 Coal Seam of Carboniferous–Permian Taiyuan Formation in Southern Qinshui Basin and Prediction for CBM High-yield Potential Regions     

ZHANG Zheng  QIN Yong  ZHUANG Xinguo  LI Guoqing  LIU Donghai 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(6):2310-2332

Coalbed methane (CBM) resources in No.15 coal seam of Taiyuan Formation account for 55% of the total CBM resources in southern Qinshui Basin (SQB), and have a great production potential. This study aims at investigating the CBM production in No.15 coal seam and its influence factors. Based on a series of laboratory experiments and latest exploration and development data from local coal mines and CBM companies, the spatial characteristics of gas production of No.15 coal seam were analyzed and then the influences of seven factors on the gas productivity of this coal seam were discussed, including coal thickness, burial depth, gas content, ratio of critical desorption pressure to original coal reservoir pressure (RCPOP), porosity, permeability, and hydrogeological condition. The influences of hydrological condition on CBM production were analyzed based on the discussions of four aspects: hydrogeochemistry, roof lithology and its distribution, hydrodynamic field of groundwater, and recharge rate of groundwater. Finally, a three-level analytic hierarchy process (AHP) evaluation model was proposed for predicting the CBM potentials of the No.15 coal seam in the SQB. The best prospective target area for CBM production of the No.15 coal seam is predicted to be in the districts of Panzhuang, Chengzhuang and south of Hudi.  相似文献   

Tectono–Thermal Evolution, Hydrocarbon Filling and Accumulation Phases of the Hari Sag, in the Yingen–Ejinaqi Basin, Inner Mongolia, Northern China     

YANG Peng  REN Zhanli  XIA Bin  TIAN Tao  ZHANG Yong  QI Kai  REN Wenbo 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(3):1157-1169

This work restored the erosion thickness of the top surface of each Cretaceous formations penetrated by the typical well in the Hari sag, and simulated the subsidence burial history of this well with software BasinMod. It is firstly pointed out that the tectonic subsidence evolution of the Hari sag since the Cretaceous can be divided into four phases: initial subsidence phase, rapid subsidence phase,uplift and erosion phase, and stable slow subsidence phase. A detailed reconstruction of the tectonothermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation histories of typical well was undertaken using the EASY R_0% model, which is constrained by vitrinite reflectance(R_0) and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions. In the rapid subsidence phase, the peak period of hydrocarbon generation was reached at c.a.105.59 Ma with the increasing thermal evolution degree. A concomitant rapid increase in paleotemperatures occurred and reached a maximum geothermal gradient of about 43-45℃/km. The main hydrocarbon generation period ensued around 105.59-80.00 Ma and the greatest buried depth of the Hari sag was reached at c.a. 80.00 Ma, when the maximum paleo-temperature was over 180℃.Subsequently, the sag entered an uplift and erosion phase followed by a stable slow subsidence phase during which the temperature gradient, thermal evolution, and hydrocarbon generation decreased gradually. The hydrocarbon accumulation period was discussed based on homogenization temperatures of inclusions and it is believed that two periods of rapid hydrocarbon accumulation events occurred during the Cretaceous rapid subsidence phase. The first accumulation period observed in the Bayingebi Formation(K_1 b) occurred primarily around 105.59-103.50 Ma with temperatures of 125-150℃. The second accumulation period observed in the Suhongtu Formation(K_1 s) occurred primarily around84.00-80.00 Ma with temperatures of 120-130℃. The second is the major accumulation period, and the accumulation mainly occurred in the Late Cretaceous. The hydrocarbon accumulation process was comprehensively controlled by tectono-thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation history. During the rapid subsidence phase, the paleo temperature and geothermal gradient increased rapidly and resulted in increasing thermal evolution extending into the peak period of hydrocarbon generation,which is the key reason for hydrocarbon filling and accumulation.  相似文献   

纳米矿物与纳米矿物资源          下载免费PDF全文

陈天虎  谢巧勤  刘海波  谢晶晶  周跃飞 《地球科学》2018,43(5):1439-1449

为促进对纳米矿物及纳米矿物资源的认识、深入研究及开发应用,阐述了矿物纳米颗粒、纳米矿物狭义和广义概念、纳米矿物形貌分类和主要类型,并从晶体结构和晶体化学理论讨论纳米矿物形成和稳定的本质,即纳米矿物和矿物纳米颗粒形成分别受内因和外因控制.阐明了纳米矿物学研究内容及其在关键带研究的重要性,提出了纳米矿物资源的概念、属性及其开发利用的方向.   相似文献   

热处理褐铁矿去除水中的Mn²⁺     

张羽  刘海波  陈平  皮汇钰  陈天虎 《岩石矿物学杂志》2018,37(4):687-696

本文利用褐铁矿中针铁矿经热脱水相变获得以纳米晶赤铁矿为主要物相的纳米-微米多级孔结构材料,并用于模拟净化富Mn~(2+)地下水。同时考察了热处理温度、初始pH值、初始Mn~(2+)浓度、吸附反应时间等对材料去除溶液中Mn~(2+)的影响。XRD、TEM、BET表征结果表明,300℃热处理产物中赤铁矿孔径最小为2.7 nm,比表面积最大达到107.4 m~2/g。吸附实验结果表明,在pH值5~10的范围内,p H值对煅烧褐铁矿颗粒对Mn~(2+)去除效果影响较小;材料在贫氧条件下对水中低浓度Mn~(2+)的最大吸附量为6.45 mg/g;吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型;褐铁矿热处理形成的纳米晶赤铁矿对Mn~(2+)具有吸附和催化氧化作用,其中的杂质锰氧化物对Mn~(2+)的吸附和催化氧化具有增强作用。  相似文献   

渤海海域西南部太古宙变质岩岩性对裂缝的控制作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈心路  韦阿娟  王粤川  高坤顺  叶涛  李晓辉 《地质科技情报》2018,(2)

近年来渤海海域太古宇变质岩油气藏为潜山新增探明储量做出了巨大贡献,并形成了亿吨级储量规模。通过详细分析大量钻井取心、测井、录井以及分析化验等资料信息,对渤海西南部太古宇变质岩的岩性特征、岩性与裂缝关系及其控缝机制开展了系统研究。研究表明:以自然伽马为主、岩石密度和补偿中子曲线为辅助的岩矿和测井联合识别方法能够经济有效地划分出变质岩的岩石类型。引入加权裂缝面密度和岩石脆度等量化参数,可以准确反映构造裂缝的整体发育情况,并进一步总结出了成缝优势岩性序列(由好到差):浅粒质混合岩混合岩化浅粒岩浅粒岩混合花岗岩混合片麻岩斜长片麻岩。综合分析表明,构造裂缝的形成和发育主要受矿物成分、晶粒大小、(成分/结构)非均质程度以及混合岩化作用4个方面的共同影响,其中岩石类型从根本上决定了裂缝的密度和规模。  相似文献   

煤系地层地震储层预测技术研究和应用:以鄂尔多斯盆地临兴气田太2段为例     

齐宇  梁建设  柳迎红  陈思路  喻梓靓  蒋锐 《地质科技情报》2018,(1)

临兴气田位于鄂尔多斯盆地东部,已钻井揭示太2段具有良好的勘探开发前景。受沉积相控制,太原组为一套煤系地层,由于煤层与围岩阻抗差异大,会产生低频、连续、强振幅的反射,屏蔽砂岩的有效信号,严重干扰储层预测,同时本区砂岩与泥岩纵波阻抗叠置,利用常规波阻抗反演方法和地震属性难以预测。针对上述难点,首先通过正演模拟方法确定煤层影响范围,然后利用子波分解重构技术去除煤层影响,最后通过构建目标曲线,采用分频反演技术,完成了储层预测,优选了有利钻探目标,L-103井在太2段钻遇15.2m厚的气层,试气获得15.1×104 m3/d的无阻工业气流,取得了新突破,证实煤系地层储层预测技术准确,具有一定的借鉴和推广价值,对开辟鄂尔多斯盆地东部地区天然气勘探新局面具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

New Discovery of the 341 Ma Gabbro at Xiongcun District in the Southern Margin of Lhasa Terrane,Tibet     

LANG Xinghai  LIU Dong  DENG Yulin  TANG Juxing  XIE Fuwei  YANG Zongyao  CUI Zhiwei  WANG Xuhui  LI Zhijun  ZHANG Zhong  ZHANG Jinshu  HUANG Yong 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(1):420-421

正Objective Lhasa terrane has recorded the geologic history concerning the formation and evolution of Paleo-Tethys and the intra-continental convergence in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau(Yin and Harrison,2000).Previous investigations have focused on the initial timing of the India-Asia collision and the Cretaceous–Cenozoic magmatism and sedimentation(Wang Tianyang et al.,2017),however,  相似文献