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1.
This paper comprehensively analyzes the characteristics and cause of the inshore intensification of super typhoon "Hato", the 13 th super typhoon in 2017. The aspects of typhoon structure, evolution of large-scale circulation and physical quantity field are analyzed using observation data from the Guangdong Automatic Station, Shenzhen Doppler Radar data, NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data, NCEP 0.25°×0.25° sea surface temperature(SST) data, etc.Additionally, in order to investigate the influence of SST change on the intensity of "Hato", the WRF model and ECMWF 0.125°×0.125° reanalysis data are combined to conduct 3 sensitivity tests on"Hato". The results show that the favorable conditions for inshore intensification of "Hato"included the strengthening and westward extension of the subtropical high, continuous increase of low level moisture transport, an anomalous warm SST area north of 20°N in the South China Sea, an extreme divergence value in the northern South China Sea exceeding 6 ×10-5 s-1, and vertical environmental wind shear between 1.1 m/s-4.8 m/s. The intensity of"Hato"was very sensitive to changes in SST. When the SST rose or dropped by 2℃, the minimum central pressure of the typhoon changed by about 13 hPa or 11 hPa,respectively. SST indirectly influenced the intensity of the typhoon through affecting latent heat transport and sensible heat transport. 相似文献
2.
An ensemble Kalman filter based on the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF-EnKF) is used to explore the effectiveness of the assimilation of surface observation data in an extreme local rainstorm over the Pearl River Delta region on 7 May 2017. Before the occurrence of rainstorm, the signals of weather forecasts in this case are too weak to be predicted by numerical weather model, but the surface temperature over the urban area are high. The results of this study show that the wind field, temperature, and water vapor are obviously adjusted by assimilating surface data of 10-m wind, 2-m temperature, and 2-m water vapor mixing ratio at 2300 BST 6 May, especially below the height of 2 km. The southerly wind over the Pearl River Delta region is enhanced, and the convergence of wind over the northern Guangzhou city is also enhanced. Additionally, temperature, water vapor mixing ratio and pseudoequivalent potential temperature are obviously increased over the urban region, providing favorable conditions for the occurrence of heavy precipitation. After assimilation, the predictions of 12-h rainfall amount, temperature, and relative humidity are significantly improved, and the rainfall intensity and distribution in this case can be successfully reproduced. Moreover, sensitivity tests suggest that the assimilation of 2-m temperature is the key to predict this extreme rainfall and just assimilating data of surface wind or water vapor is not workable, implying that urban heat island effect may be an important factor in this extreme rainstorm. 相似文献
3.
遥感数据与作物模型结合是当前农业信息技术应用研究的重要内容和发展趋势之一,能够解决单独利用遥感或作物模型无法解决的问题。为了开展大范围、区域性作物生长过程的模拟和产量预测,首先对作物模型WOFOST进行了订正和验证,使得调整后的模型适于模拟河南新乡县冬小麦生长;根据实际生产分三类情形模拟新乡县2002—2003年度冬小麦的生长发育状况;利用全生育期内能获取的Landsat-7 ETM+数据反演叶面积指数,结合WOFOST模型的模拟情况,确定每个像元对应的冬小麦的生长状况,从而在像元上实现了WOFOST模型对冬小麦生长的模拟;最后对照比较本研究方法的结果与当年新乡县冬小麦的统计情况,结果相近,验证了本文研究方法的技术可行性。 相似文献
4.
2011年6—9月在中国气象局河北固城生态试验站借助大型电动式防雨棚及人工灌溉, 开展水分影响夏玉米生长发育的田间试验。首先进行夏玉米叶片光合作用日变化和光合作用光响应曲线的观测,然后利用不同模型拟合光响应曲线确定最适模型并提取光合特征参数,探讨土壤水分条件对不同生育时期夏玉米叶片光合特性的影响规律。结果表明:土壤水份适宜时,玉米抽雄期的光合能力最强,重度干旱时,抽雄期的光合能力降低幅度也最大,其次为乳熟期、拔节期;直角双曲线修正模型最适合描述干旱环境下的玉米光合能力光响应过程,轻度干旱使各生育时期光饱和点及最大净光合速率下降,而对光补偿点量子效率和光补偿点的影响不明显; 重度干旱下各生育时期光饱和点、最大净光合速率较轻度干旱又进一步下降,同时各生育时期光补偿点量子效率也有明显下降,而光补偿点明显上升,表明玉米叶片的强光利用能力对干旱敏感,而它的弱光利用能力对干旱响应较迟钝。 相似文献
5.
2007年5月20日粤西茂名与阳江海岸带地区发生一场小时降水量达到115 mm的短时大暴雨。采用NCEP/NCAR FNL 1 °×1 °再分析资料,结合多普勒天气雷达、高空探空、自动站资料和风廓线雷达观测资料,分析此次暴雨过程的天气尺度系统与中尺度系统特征,探讨不同尺度系统对这次暴雨天气过程的作用。分析结果表明:（1）此次暴雨过程是由准线状中尺度对流系统导致的,对流系统的移动速度缓慢是导致出现暴雨的主要原因;（2）在暴雨发生前,整层大气水汽充沛,处于近饱和稳定状态;暴雨发生期间局地大气处于条件不稳定状态;中层弱冷槽过境及“上干下湿”的温湿结构增加了环境大气的不稳定性;（3）北部湾低压（槽）发展导致的强盛低层西南气流为暴雨发生提供了充沛的水汽;高空槽后干冷空气南下形成的深厚干层,有助于对流凝结潜热的释放;高层辐散、低层辐合环流为低层暖湿空气提供了垂直上升动力;（4）中尺度对流系统在地势相对平缓的沿海地区发展和加强,地形的动力抬升和辐合作用不大。对流活动诱发的低层密度流在对流带前缘不断激发出新的对流单体,对对流系统的维持和发展起关键作用;（5）对流单体的风暴传播效应使对流系统具有逆风传播的特征,移速缓慢;层云降水的蒸发冷却有可能改变其低层的温度梯度,使环境大气的不稳定性加强。 相似文献
7.
涡动相关仪获得的湍流数据质量不仅受到传感器构造及当时环境因子的影响,同时可能受到理论假设带来的误差的影响.对2018年1月1日-2月28日冬季增城丘陵灌木林典型下垫面近地层湍流观测数据进行了包括野点剔除、倾斜订正、感热通量的超声虚温订正、WPL修正以及自动增益控制(AGC)修正等后处理及质量控制.结果表明:常规野点剔除方法对于通量计算结果影响较小,AGC对降水和高湿天气十分敏感,能有效的提高能量闭合率;湍流发展充分性检验与平稳性检验显示,可用于基本研究的潜热通量、C02通量、摩擦速度、感热通量分别占样本总量的90.5％,86.4％,83.1％,87.7％,表明通过本研究质控方法处理后的湍流通量观测数据质量可以得到保证,可用于后续的分析. 相似文献
8.
多角度高光谱对光化学反射植被指数估算光能利用率的影响探究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
由于光能利用率(Light Use Efficiency,LUE)随环境的变化关系十分复杂,现有的LUE估算植被初级生产力(GPP)和净初级生产力(NPP)的模型过于粗糙简单,而通过遥感直接估计LUE会更加可靠。研究表明,光化学反射植被指数(PRI)与LUE有很好的相关性,故PRI在利用遥感估计LUE方面具有极大的潜力。但是,很多研究也发现了PRI-LUE的关系受到许多因素的干扰。为了探究多角度高光谱对光化学反射植被指数估算光能利用率的影响,分析了各观测日的光化学反射植被指数变化情况及其与实测光能利用率的关系。结果表明:在主平面的4个观测日都表现出后向的PRI值大于前向的PRI值,均表现出当光谱仪探头从后向散射方向向着前向散射方向变化时,PRI值逐渐变小然后随着天顶角的变大而变大;在光合作用的外部条件和内部环境不受影响的情况下,PROSAIL模型在主平面前向散射方向的中等角度(45 °和60 °)与后向散射方向的小角度(-15 °和-30 °)可以较好模拟出单一植被覆盖条件下水稻冠层植被的反射光谱。 相似文献
9.
With the aim to examine variations in the migration phenology and population of N. lugens along with the advance/retreat of the Asian summer monsoon(ASM) and lay the foundation for further study on predicting the timing and location of N. lugens outbreak, correlation analysis and spatial analysis were applied for estimating the impact of the ASM and its related meteorological factors on the migration phenology and population of N. lugens in China in this paper. The ASM had a positive effect on the occurrence and outbreak of N. lugens. First, the first appearance date of N.lugens was consistent with seasonal advances of the northernmost location of the ASM, and the ASM provided the dynamic condition for the northward migration of N. lugens. Second, outbreak of N. lugens occurred in the area under the control of the ASM, and the ASM provided the survival condition for the population of N. lugens. Third, the population was positively related to the northernmost location of the ASM, θ_E(850 hPa) and wind speed(850 hPa).Particularly, the stronger southwest wind caused the date of the first, peak and last catches of N. lugens to turn up earlier than in the extremely years. 相似文献
10.
On May 20 th 2007, a brief but severe downpour rainstorm occurred in the coastal areas of Maoming and Yangjiang with rainfall of 115 mm per hour. Data from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis with 1°×1° resolution, Doppler weather radar, conventional surface observations, high-altitude radiosonde and wind profiler radar were used to analyze characteristics and contributions of synoptic scale and mesoscale systems during this torrential rainstorm. The results showed that:(1) the storm was caused by a quasi-linear mesoscale convective system(MCS) and the slow-movement of this system was the primary trigger of the torrential downpour;(2) water vapor was abundant, nearly saturated and in steady state throughout the atmosphere before the storm; intrusion of the weak dry and cold air in the middle level and a striking "dry above and wet below " structure had increased the atmospheric instability;(3) low-level southwesterly airflow from a low pressure(trough) at the Beibu Gulf provided abundant water vapor at the onset of the rainstorm; a deep dry layer was formed by dry and cold air behind the high-level trough, which facilitated latent heat release;upper-level divergence and low-level convergence circulations also provided vertical uplift for warm and moist air at the lower level;(4) Topography only played a minor role as the MCS developed and strengthened over relatively flat coastal terrain. Low level density flow induced by convection triggered new convective cell generation at the leading edge of the convective system, thereby playing a key role in the change of temperature gradient at lower layers, and resulting in strengthening atmospheric instability. 相似文献