Comparative Assessment of Sludge Pre‐Treatment Techniques to Enhance Sludge Dewaterability and Biogas Production          下载免费PDF全文

Didem Okutman Tas  Cigdem Yangin‐Gomec  Tugba Olmez‐Hanci  Osman A. Arikan  Deniz I. Cifci  Elif B. Gencsoy  Alpaslan Ekdal  Emine Ubay‐Cokgor 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(1)

Effectiveness of ultrasonication, microwave technologies, and enzyme addition prior to anaerobic digestion is investigated using sludge samples taken from the secondary settling tank of a domestic wastewater treatment plant to improve methane production, enhance dewaterability characteristics of the sludge, and to reduce excess sludge. Microwave pre‐treatment (1500 W, 10 min at 175 °C) results in better extra digester performance (compared to the control reactor) in terms of methane production (25 m³ ton^?1 suspended solids (SS)) than ultrasound (no improvement) and enzyme pre‐treatment (11 m³ ton^?1 SS). While methane production is not improved as a result of ultrasonication pre‐treatment (15 000 kJ kg^?1 SS), a noticeable increase (19%) is observed in the case of microwave pre‐treatment. Higher compactibility values are obtained after ultrasonication and microwave application compared to the control (i.e., from 7.1 to 8.7 and 9.2%, respectively) before anaerobic digestion. Although ultrasonication and microwave application decrease the dewaterability of the raw sludge (capillary suction time (CST) from 827 to 1364 and 2290 s, respectively), similar dewaterability results are obtained at the end of the anaerobic digestion process for all pre‐treated sludge samples. An economic assessment of this study shows that pre‐treatment with microwave results in more than 10‐fold less net cost compared to the enzyme application.  相似文献   

不同产地浒苔对幼刺参生长、消化和非特异性免疫的影响     

杨心愿  林承刚  宋肖跃  孙景春  杨红生 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(5):1103-1108

为探究不同产地浒苔型饵料对幼刺参生长、消化和非特异性免疫的影响,本实验将青岛浒苔与宁波浒苔的干粉与海泥分别按一定质量比例混合,开展刺参饲喂实验,并与刺参天然饵料马尾藻进行对比。结果表明,青岛浒苔饵料和马尾藻饵料喂养的刺参的粗蛋白含量分别为14.31%±0.10%和15.43%±1.41%,显著高于宁波浒苔饵料(11.17%±0.63%),粗脂肪和灰分含量无显著差异;青岛浒苔组、宁波浒苔组和马尾藻组的增重率分别为22.65%±5.68%、3.03%±1.17%和20.47%±2.01%,特定生长率分别为(1.44±0.33)、(0.21±0.08)、(1.33±0.12)%/d,青岛浒苔组和马尾藻组刺参的增重率和特定生长率显著高于宁波浒苔组;青岛浒苔组、宁波浒苔组和马尾藻组刺参肠道淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和纤维素酶活力无显著差异;马尾藻组刺参体腔液碱性磷酸酶活力为(17.57±4.56)金氏单位/100mL,显著高于青岛浒苔组[(5.56±1.32)金氏单位/100mL]和宁波浒苔组[(2.83±0.75)金氏单位/100mL],超氧化物歧化酶和酸性磷酸酶活力无显著差异。由此可见,绿潮暴发时,通过打捞浒苔用以配制刺参饵料,既有助于缓解绿潮的生态灾害,又能够补充刺参饵料来源,具有广阔的生态效益和市场前景,但是其营养成分影响因素较为复杂,配制饵料时应充分考虑不同品种、采集时间和生长地点的差异,并通过一些前处理手段充分发挥浒苔的饵料价值。  相似文献   

Effects of the peat acid digestion protocol on geochemically and morphologically diverse tephra deposits     

Alistair J. Monteath  Alex E. Teuten  Paul D. M. Hughes  Stefan Wastegrd 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(4-5):269-274

Tephra shards for electron probe microanalysis are most efficiently extracted from peat using acid digestion, which removes organic material that hinders density separation methods. However, strong acids are known to alter glass chemical compositions, and several studies have examined how acid digestion affects rhyolitic volcanic glass. The focus on rhyolitic tephra in these studies leaves considerable uncertainty, as the dissolution rates of natural glasses (including tephra) are determined by the chemical composition and surface area/volume ratio, both of which vary in tephra deposits. Here, we use duplicate samples of basaltic, trachydacitic and rhyolitic tephra to examine physical and geochemical alteration following acid digestion. Scanning electron microscope imagery reveals no discernible degradation of glass surfaces, and electron probe microanalysis results from duplicate samples are statistically indistinguishable. These findings suggest the acid digestion protocol for organic peats does not significantly alter glass geochemistry regardless of shard morphologies or geochemical compositions.  相似文献   

ROCKS & MINERALS DETERMINATION AND ANALYSIS     

《Abstract of Chinese Geological Literature》2014,(3)

正20141456 Chen Juan(Laboratory of High Temperature and High Pressure Study of the Earth’s Interior,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang550002,China);Tang Hongfeng Progress in Analytical Methods of Tungsten Isotope and Experimental Research on Digestion of Whole  相似文献   

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中稀土元素条件优化     

张祎玮  蒋俊平  李浩  沈讷敏 《岩石矿物学杂志》2021,40(3):605-613

稀土元素因其用途广泛,已经得到了越来越多的关注,被应用于各个行业。研究表明,稀土元素对作物的光合作用、产量、抗逆、品质、发育和养分吸收等具有重要作用。作物中的稀土元素主要来自对土壤中稀土元素的吸收,因此,有效分解并快速测定土壤中的稀土元素,可以合理指导稀土元素的施用,对作物的生长和土壤的营养状况具有重要作用。本文比较了敞口酸溶、密闭消解、微波消解和碱熔等4种消解样品前处理方法,最终确定采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)快速测定土壤中的稀土元素,并通过优化微波消解的条件,选择合适的试剂用量、消解温度、消解时间,对方法的检出限、精密度、准确度、回收率进行了实验,结果显示其测定均值与标准值基本吻合,相对误差(RE)绝对值为0.16%～3.39%,精密度为0.27%～5.09%,均小于10%,加标回收率为93.1%～106.0%。该方法准确度高、稳定性好,可以有效地应用于土壤中稀土元素的分析测定。  相似文献   

酸溶-电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定密西西比型铅锌矿床矿石中的铅   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

卢彦  冯勇  李刚  刘卫 《岩矿测试》2015,34(4):442-447

密西西比型(MVT)铅锌矿床的主要矿物有方铅石、闪锌矿,常伴生有重晶石、萤石等矿物,使得MVT型矿石在酸处理过程中易生成不溶于水和酸的硫酸铅钡复盐,故而检测矿样中铅的含量偏低。本文建立了采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸体系酸溶分解MVT型矿石,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定铅含量的分析方法。实验比较了盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸、盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸、盐酸-硝酸-硫酸三种酸溶体系的溶样效果,并通过X射线衍射论证了方法的可行性。结果表明,盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸体系克服了复盐硫酸铅钡和硫酸铅沉淀的生成,适量的氢氟酸促进了Pb SO4的溶解,X射线衍射表征也表明此种酸溶体系的沉淀中不含有Pb SO4,可更彻底地分解MVT型矿石。本方法精密度(RSD)为0.3%~0.6%,实际样品的加标回收率为96.0%~99.2%,铅的最佳检测范围为0.01%~20.0%。  相似文献   

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定灌木枝叶中微量元素的样品预处理方法研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

林伟龙  王正海  王娟  蒋丽怡  范朝焰 《岩矿测试》2015,34(4):430-435

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定植物样品中微量元素的关键技术是消除植物样品的有机基体效应,本文通过预处理方法中的酸消解体系、称样量和消解方式消除其影响。以国家标准物质灌木枝叶组合样(GBW07603)为材料进行研究,对比分析了硝酸-过氧化氢、硝酸-氢氟酸、硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢3种酸溶体系的消解效果,以确定最佳酸溶体系,进而定量研究2种称样量(50 mg和100 mg)和3种消解方式(密封高压二次消解、密封高压一次消解、微波消解)的消解效果,并以In作为内标采用ICP-MS测定微量元素含量。结果表明:硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢酸溶体系的消解效果最好;50 mg的测定值更接近于参考值;微波消解法的测定值明显偏低,而密封高压二次消解法是灌木枝叶样品预处理的有效方法。  相似文献   

Mass Fractions of S,Cu, Se,Mo, Ag,Cd, In,Te, Ba,Sm, W,Tl and Bi in Geological Reference Materials and Selected Carbonaceous Chondrites Determined by Isotope Dilution ICP‐MS          下载免费PDF全文

Zaicong Wang  Harry Becker  Frank Wombacher 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2015,39(2):185-208

Mass fractions of S, Cu, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, In, Te, Ba, Sm, W and Tl were determined by isotope dilution sector field ICP‐MS in the same sample aliquot of reference materials using HF‐HNO₃ digestion in PFA beakers in pressure bombs and glassy carbon vessels in a high‐pressure asher (HPA‐S) for comparison. Additionally, Bi was determined by internal standardisation relative to Tl. Because isobaric and oxide interferences pose problems for many of these elements, efficient chromatographic separation methods in combination with an Aridus desolvator were employed to minimise interference effects. Repeated digestion and measurement of geological reference materials (BHVO‐1, BHVO‐2, SCo‐1, MAG‐1, MRG‐1 and UB‐N) gave results with < 5% relative intermediate precision (1s) for most elements, except Bi. Replicates of NIST SRM 612 glass digested on a hot plate were analysed by the same methods, and the results agree with reference values mostly within 2% relative deviation. Data for the carbonaceous chondrites Allende, Murchison, Orgueil and Ivuna are also reported. Digestion in a HPA‐S was as efficient as in pressure bombs, but some elements displayed higher blank levels following HPA‐S treatment. Pressure bomb digestion yielded precise data for volatile S, Se and Te, but may result in high blanks for W.  相似文献   

微波消解-原子吸收光谱法测定岩芯中的8种金属元素   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

赵雷  邱会东  原金海 《岩矿测试》2011,30(4):461-464

岩芯分析是油气田开采前期必须开展的必要研究工作。岩芯样品常见金属元素钾(12.30 mg/g)、钠(15.04 mg/g)、铝(28.83 mg/g)、铁(11.13 mg/g)含量较高,且含有大量有机物,文章首次提出以微波消解方式,用浓硝酸和过氧化氢分解有机物,盐酸和氢氟酸处理二氧化硅等无机物,分解稠油油藏岩芯样品效果明显,原子吸收光谱法测定样品中钾、钠、钙、镁、铝、铁、锰、钡8种金属元素的含量。分析结果表明,方法线性相关系数良好(相关系数为0.9949～0.9998),回收率在92.2%～101.6%。建立的微波消解技术无样品损失,操作简单,消解过程节省试剂,减少了环境污染,测定方法准确、可靠,检出限低。  相似文献   

王水溶矿-等离子体光谱法测定砷矿石和锑矿石中砷锑硫铜铅锌   总被引：7，自引：7，他引：0  

马新荣  马生凤  王蕾  温宏利  巩爱华  许俊玉 《岩矿测试》2011,30(2):190-194

建立了王水溶矿-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定砷矿石和锑矿石中主、次量元素砷、锑、硫及含量范围在100μg/g以上的铜、铅、锌等元素的方法。研究了放置时间、溶液酸度、氧化剂与络合剂对砷、锑、硫及其他元素测定的影响。不同王水浓度酸度对可同时测定的其他元素的影响不明显;当溶液酸度较小时,不能放置,应及时测定;如需放置,应在溶液定容前加入酒石酸防止水解。样品中砷、锑、硫的含量在0.74%～39.7%时,相对误差(RE)在-0.17%～7.74%,5次独立测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于2%;含量在100～500μg/g以下的Sb,RE在-2.5%～4.79%,5次独立测定的RSD均小于2%。由于稀释倍数较大(DF=1000),不能准确测定含量在100μg/g以下的铜、铅、锌;含量在100μg/g以上的铜、铅、锌的RE在-10.3%～10.3%,5次独立测定的RSD基本小于5%。经标准物质验证获得满意结果。方法也可应用于砷、锑含量较高的硫化矿的测定。  相似文献