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1.
Takahito Mikami Tomoya Shibayama Miguel Esteban Koichiro Ohira Jun Sasaki Takayuki Suzuki Hendra Achiari Teguh Widodo 《Natural Hazards》2014,71(1):851-870
On October 25, 2010, a large earthquake occurred off the coast of the Mentawai islands in Indonesia, generating a tsunami that caused damage to the coastal area of North Pagai, South Pagai, and Sipora islands. Field surveys were conducted soon after the event by several international survey teams, including the authors’. These surveys clarified the tsunami height distribution, the damage that took place, and residents’ awareness of tsunamis in the affected islands. Heights of over 5 m were recorded on the coastal area of the Indian Ocean side of North and South Pagai islands and the south part of Sipora island. In some villages, it was difficult to evacuate immediately after the earthquake because of the lack of routes to higher ground or the presence of rivers. Residents in some villages had taken part in tsunami drills or education; however, not all villages shared awareness of tsunami threats. In the present paper, based on the results of these field surveys, the vulnerability of these islands with regards to future tsunami threats was analyzed. Three important aspects of this tsunami disaster, namely the geographic disadvantage of the islands, the resilience of buildings and other infrastructure, and people’s awareness of tsunamis, are discussed in detail, and corresponding tsunami mitigation strategies are explained. 相似文献
2.
卡里马塔海峡水体交换的季节变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Four trawl-resistant bottom mounts, with acoustic Doppler current profilers(ADCPs) embedded, were deployed in the Karimata Strait from November 2008 to June 2015 as part of the South China Sea-Indonesian Seas Transport/Exchange and Impact on Seasonal Fish Migration(SITE) Program, to estimate the volume and property transport between the South China Sea and Indonesian seas via the strait. The observed current data reveal that the volume transport through the Karimata Strait exhibits significant seasonal variation. The winteraveraged(from December to February) transport is –1.99 Sv(1 Sv=1×10~6 m~3/s), while in the boreal summer(from June to August), the average transport is 0.69 Sv. Moreover, the average transport from January 2009 to December2014 is –0.74 Sv(the positive/negative value indicates northward/southward transport). May and September are the transition period. In May, the currents in the Karimata Strait turn northward, consistent with the local monsoon. In September, the southeasterly trade wind is still present over the strait, driving surface water northward, whereas the bottom flow reverses direction, possibly because of the pressure gradient across the strait from north to south. 相似文献
3.
杜建国 王彦国 PERISTIWADY Teguh 廖建基 MAKATIPU Petrus Christianus HUWAE Ricardo 鞠培龙 LOH Kar Hoe 陈彬 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(12):63-72
本文以印尼北苏拉威西东部的潟湖为对象，研究了热带海草床鱼类群落的种类组成和时空变化。研究发现当地鱼类的香农-威纳指数在1.57-3.69之间多样性相对较高。在科水平，天竺鲷科的丰度（8.27 ind./（100 m2））和生物量（28.49 g/（100 m2））最高。在物种水平，侧带天竺鲷（Apogon lateralis）的丰度最高，环纹圆天竺鲷（Sphaeramia orbicularis）的生物量最大。对于物种的空间变化，潟湖湖顶、湖中和湖口首先聚类在一起，这可能是由于基质类型引起的。干季和湿季的鱼类种类、丰度和生物量均比转换季高，这可能是由较强的季风造成的，强季风为鱼类提供了更适宜的环境和食物。93.1%的鱼类的最大体长小于它们的性成熟体长，暗示了海草床是很多鱼类的育幼场。因此，保护海草床对渔业和资源的可持续利用至关重要。 相似文献
4.
Craig Leisher Sangeeta Mangubhai Sebastiaan Hess Hesti Widodo Tri Soekirman Salomina Tjoe Stevanus Wawiyai S. Neil Larsen Lukas Rumetna A. Halim M. Sanjayan 《Marine Policy》2012
Conservation organizations often invest considerable resources in education and outreach activities in and around marine protected areas (MPAs). The expectation is that such efforts will change local knowledge, attitudes and ultimately behavior. This is one of the first studies to assess the efficacy of using education and outreach activities to improve community knowledge and attitudes about an MPA. Random sample surveys in 2005 and 2010 (n=1213) before and after education and outreach activities are compared. Program budgets for the same period give the investment levels. With an investment level averaging US$24 per capita/year, the result was an average increase of 33% in “yes” responses across 15 indicators of knowledge and attitudes towards marine conservation. The increase in knowledge and positive attitudes was associated with a large decrease in “not sure” responses, suggesting that community members with fewer initial preconceptions are the most effective target for education and outreach activities. This study demonstrates that investments in MPA education and outreach can generate increases in local knowledge and positive attitudes, and changing knowledge and attitudes is expected to contribute to the long-term compliance with MPA regulations. 相似文献
5.
Shujiang Li Zexun Wei R. Dwi Susanto Yaohua Zhu Agus Setiawan Tengfei Xu Bin Fan Teguh Agustiadi Mukti Trenggono Guohong Fang 《Journal of Oceanography》2018,74(5):541-547
Using velocity profiles observed by bottom-mounted ADCPs, we identified strong intraseasonal variability in the Sunda Strait throughflow. This intraseasonal variability, with typical periods of 20–40 days and the strongest energy occurring in the boreal spring, can reverse the Sunda Strait throughflow. Further analysis showed this intraseasonal variability to be closely related to local zonal wind and the sea level gradient along the strait. These observations confirm for the first time the existence of Kelvin-wave-like signals in the Sunda Strait, propagating from the equatorial Indian Ocean. This study also provides new insights into the effects of Kelvin waves on the Sunda Strait throughflow. 相似文献
6.
Seasonal variability of Indonesian rainfall in ECHAM4 simulations and in the reanalyses: The role of ENSO 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary A study of the skill of the ECHAM version 4 atmospheric general circulation model and two reanalyses in simulating Indonesian
rainfall is presented with comparisons to 30 years of rain gauge data. The reanalyses are those performed by the European
Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction jointly with National Center
for Atmospheric Research. This study investigates the skill of the reanalyses and ECHAM4 with regard to three climate regions
of Indonesia, the annual and interannual variability of rainfall and its responses to El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
events. The study is conducted at two spectral resolutions, T42 and T106.
The skill of rainfall simulations in Indonesia depends on the region, month and season, and the distribution of land and sea.
Higher simulation skills are confined to years with ENSO events. With the exception of the northwest region of Indonesia,
the rainfall from June (Molucca) and July (south Indonesia) to November is influenced by ENSO, and is more sensitive to El
Ni?o than La Ni?a events. Observations show that the Moluccan region is more sensitive to ENSO, receives a longer ENSO impact
and receives the earliest ENSO impact in June, which continues through to December. It is found that the reanalyses and the
climate model simulate seasonal variability better than monthly variability. The seasonal skill is highest in June/July/August,
followed by September/October/November, December/January/February and March/April/May. The correlations usually break down
in April (for monthly analysis) or in the boreal spring (for seasonal analysis). This period seems to act as a persistent
barrier to Indonesian rainfall predictability and skill. In general, the performance of ECHAM4 is poor, but in ENSO sensitive
regions and during ENSO events, it is comparable to the reanalyses. 相似文献
7.
The tsunami event generated by the great Sumatra–Andaman earthquake on 26 December 2004 was simulated with the recently developed model TsunAWI. The model is based on the finite element method, which allows for a very flexible discretization of the model domain. This is demonstrated by a triangulation of the whole Indian Ocean with a resolution of about 14 km in the deep ocean but a considerably higher resolution of about 500 m in the coastal area. A special focus is put on the Banda Aceh region in the Northern tip of Sumatra. This area was heavily hit by the tsunami and the highest resolution in this area is about 40 m in order to include inundation processes in the model simulation. We compare model results to tide gauge data from all around the Indian Ocean, to satellite altimetry, and field measurements of flow depth in selected locations of the Aceh region. Furthermore, we compare the model results of TsunAWI to the results of a nested grid model (TUNAMI-N3) with the same initial conditions and identical bathymetry and topography in the Aceh region. It turns out that TsunAWI gives accurate estimates of arrival times in distant locations and in the same mesh gives good inundation results when compared to field measurements and nested grid results. 相似文献
8.
PERISTIWADY Teguh DU Jianguo HUKOM Frensly Damianus MAKATIPU Petrus Christianus LOH Kar Hoe 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(12):73-77
Three specimens of the serranid fish(Serranidae), Plectranthias kamii Randall, 1980 were collected from fish market, Bitung, North Sulawesi on May and June 2010. Some morphological characters P. kamii is closely related to P. sheni, P. megalophthalmus, P. retrofasciatus, P. rubrifasciatus, P. knappi, P. helenae, P. pelicieri, P. jothyi, P.retrofasciatus and P. randalli in sharing of body width, upper jaw length, pelvic spine length and orbit diameter.Meristic count characters of P. kamii differ from P. sheni, P. pilicieri, P. megalophthalmus, P. retrofasciatus and P.rubrifasciatus in having more numerous dorsal spine(18 vs. 15–17) and below lateral line(33–34 vs. 29–33) and differ from P. megalophthalmus and P. rubrifasciatus in having more numerous pored scales in lateral line(13 vs.14–15) and shorter of anal spine. The present anthiine fish collected from Bitung, Indonesia was described as new record and bringing the total number of species of this genus known in Indonesia to seven. 相似文献
9.
The distribution of aromatic hydrocarbons and stable carbon isotope ratios of organic matter in a series of nine Miocene Embalut coal samples obtained from nine coal seams of Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia were studied. The rank of the Embalut coals ranged from lignites to low rank sub-bituminous coals (0.36–0.50% Rr), based on measurements of huminite reflectance. The aromatic hydrocarbon fractions of all coal samples were dominated by cadalene in the lower boiling point range and picene derivatives in the higher boiling point range of the gas chromatograms. Cadalene can be attributed to the contribution of Dipterocarpaceae and various hydrated picenes to the contribution of additional angiosperms to the coal forming vegetation. The picenes originate from alpha- and beta-amyrin. However, in some coal samples minor amounts of simonellite and retene were also detected which argues for an additional contribution of gymnosperms (conifers) to coal forming vegetation preferentially in the Middle Miocene and at the beginning of the Late Miocene. The results of stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) in most of the coal samples are consistent with their origin from angiosperms (δ13C between ?27.0‰ and ?28.0‰). During the Miocene the climate of Mahakam Delta was not uniformly moist and cooler than the present day climate. This would have been favourable for the growth of conifers, especially in the montane forests. The contribution of conifers to the Embalut coals might be a result of the cool Middle/Late Miocene climate during peat accumulation in the Kutai Basin. 相似文献
10.
Lilik Eko Widodo Tedy Agung Cahyadi Zuher Syihab Sudarto Notosiswoyo Irwan Iskandar Heru Cahya Rustamaji 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(20):721
High rainfall in equatorial regions leads to high groundwater levels or pore pressures and a high risk of landslides on the slopes of open pit mines, hindering mining operations. To lower the groundwater level surrounding a slope, a drainage system is needed. A drain hole is a part of a drainage system which utilises gravity to drain groundwater. Drain hole installation in fractured media requires the determination of the number, location, length and other parameters of the drain holes. Drain holes are frequently installed in uniform configurations or in layouts with uniform spacing, which are often ineffective and uneconomical, as some holes are not in the right positions or directions within the fractured media. This paper attempts to develop a conceptual model of an optimised configuration of drain holes by setting the drain hole parameters, or decision variables, such as number, location and length, in such a way that it produces the most effective and efficient outcome by maximising groundwater lowering and minimising cost. The optimisation is supported by the multi-stage genetic algorithm method in combination with a groundwater simulator, hereafter called the multi-stage GWSim-GA SO method. The procedure of the conceptual model will be further developed and used as a framework in the groundwater management of fractured media of an open pit mine slope. 相似文献