共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 719 毫秒
1.
秋季黄海WP2型网采浮游动物的群落特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(7)
中国传统的海洋浮游动物调查方法存在对中小型浮游动物数量低估的情况。为了较全面地掌握黄海浮游动物群落特征、弥补黄海浮游动物研究的有关不足,作者采用国际通用的WP2型浮游生物网,于2012年11月对黄海海域(121°00′E~124°30′E,32°00′N~39°44′N)的中型浮游动物的种类组成、丰度和优势种进行调查,并结合环境因子对浮游动物的群落结构进行分析。本航次共鉴定浮游动物成体119种,浮游幼虫25类。该海区浮游动物平均丰度(不含夜光虫)为4 331.0ind/m3。优势种以小拟哲水蚤和拟长腹剑水蚤小型桡足类为主。根据各站位间浮游动物组成的相似程度和地理分布,将黄海区域的浮游动物分为北黄海群落、黄海中部群落、苏北沿岸群落和东海近岸混合水群落。与以往大型浮游生物网采资料相比,本次调查的浮游动物丰度要高出一个数量级,体型较小的浮游动物的优势地位显著提升,但群落划分结果没有明显差别。 相似文献
2.
对2006年9月南黄海浮游生物网(孔径为70,160,505μm)采集样品内的浮游生物个体大小的粒径分布进行研究,确定各粒级大小的功能群组成,建立2006年秋季调查水域网采浮游生物的生物量谱,比较分析三个特征水域(黄海近岸、黄海中部及黄海和东海交汇区)的浮游生物生物量谱特征参数的异质性。结果表明:三种网采浮游生物粒级范围主要包括100 pg/个~70 ng/个的浮游植物和70 ng/个~62 mg/个的浮游动物。Sheldon型生物量谱为近似连续的波动曲线,标准型生物量谱为线型。总测区的标准生物量谱斜率和截距为-0.74和18.64,各个特征水域,黄海中部为-0.67和15.60、黄海近岸为-0.64和14.34、黄海、东海交汇区为-0.73和18.03。浮游动物种类多样性对标准生物量谱的特征参数具有较显著的影响。 相似文献
3.
用集成在移动船载温盐剖面仪(MVP)的激光型浮游生物光学计数仪(LOPC),于2012年7月底在南黄海35°N断面调查浮游动物丰度的水平和垂直分布情况,并对获得高时空分辨率的数据资料进行分析。结果表明,本次调查海域浮游动物的丰度为西高东低,浮游动物分布可能受温度、浮游植物分布、潮致涌升等因素影响,其中温度为最主要因素。该仪器可以作为中国近海浮游生物调查,特别是对浮游动物资源的走航大面调查、垂直分布及其生态学研究的一种有效的手段。 相似文献
4.
长江口及邻近海区浮游动物总生物量分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
依据1998年11月、1999年5月、2000年11月和2001年5月4个航次在长江口及其邻近海区调查所获得的大型浮游生物网垂直拖样品,对测区的浮游动物总生物量的总体水平,分布和种类组成进行了分析,并将研究结果与1958—1959年全国海洋普查的资料和1985—1986年“三峡工程对长江口及邻近海区生态与环境的影响”调查资料进行了同测区、同月份的对比。结果显示,测区1999年和2001年5月份浮游动物总生物量近几年比50年代末和80年代中期有明显增加,分别增加了1．43—1．76和0.95—1.22倍;11月份总生物量的分布格局和种类组成没有大的变化。这可能反映长江口及其邻近海区浮游动物的变动趋势,但仍需要更多的资料证实。 相似文献
5.
为验证运用浮游动物图像扫描分析系统(Zoo Scan Integrated System,Zoo Scan)研究浮游动物群落结构的可行性,作者利用Zoo Scan图像技术,对2013年8月在南黄海(30°—37°N,125°E以西)14个站位采集到的中型浮游生物网(孔径160μm)样品进行了处理,分析了浮游动物混合样品的体积生物量与实测干重、含碳量和含氮量的相关关系,在此基础上研究了南黄海夏季浮游动物群落结构,并与历史资料进行了比较。结果表明,浮游动物混合样品的总体积生物量与总实测干重、含碳量和含氮量具有极显著的相关关系,但在500—1000μm和2000μm粒径组相关关系不显著,这与粒径组的类群组成有关。南黄海夏季浮游动物可划分为四个组群:黄海中部组群、黄海近岸组群、黄东海交汇区组群1和2。其中,黄海中部组群和黄海近岸组群与历史研究中的稳定群落相一致。不同组群的地理分布受使用的浮游生物网型和季节变化的影响。研究表明,Zoo Scan图像技术为我国近海浮游动物群落结构的研究提供了一种快速、可行的方法。 相似文献
6.
7.
为研究浙北海域大中型浮游动物群落的生态特征及其主要影响因子,于2018年春(5月)、夏季(8月)对浙江北部近海海域大中型浮游动物进行了调查(采用浅水Ⅰ型浮游生物网),并监测了相关环境因子。结果显示,8月份浮游动物丰度均值略高于5月份,和生物量均值的季节变化趋势一致,8月份调查海域浮游动物多样性指数(H′)明显高于西侧杭州湾海域。综合来看,环境因子对浮游动物群落的生态特征产生了一定的影响。在上升流强盛的8月份,浮游动物丰度与DO呈现正相关;Spearman相关性分析表明,低DO降低了浮游动物丰度,然而DO对生物量和多样性指数(H′)均无显著影响。pH在5月份与浮游动物丰度及生物量呈负相关,而8月份趋势相反。 相似文献
8.
南沙群岛渚碧礁春季浮游动物群落特征 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
根据2002年5月的调查资料,对南沙群岛渚碧礁浮游动物的群落结构、平面分布、垂直分布和昼夜变化等进行了研究分析。浮游动物鉴定有72种,其中挠足类种数最多,其次是浮游幼虫、毛颚类。浮游动物种类中多数是终生浮游生物,少数是阶段性浮游生物,个别是暂时性浮游生物。渚碧礁浮游动物群落的热带特征非常显著,多数种类属于热带外海生态类群,少数属于暖水沿岸生态类群。优势种相当突出,其中奥氏胸刺水蚤Centropagesorsinii占主导地位。渚碧礁浮游动物平均密度达840个·m-3,礁坪区与湖内的浮游动物数量分布差异很大,湖为礁坪的7倍多,两者的优势种也有明显差异。浮游动物垂直分布不均匀,主要密集于5—10m水层,因种类不同其垂直分布也有差异。礁坪的浮游动物种类和数量昼夜变化显著,均呈白天减少、夜晚增加。浮游动物的数量分布与环境因子和浮游动物生态习性有关。 相似文献
9.
南麂列岛海洋自然保护区浮游动物丰度和生物量的时空分布 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据2004年5月、8月、11月和2005年2月南麂列岛海洋自然保护区海域调查资料,阐述了该海域浮游动物丰度和生物量的时空分布,探讨了其与环境因子的关系,并分析了保护区建区14a后丰度和生物量的变化以及不同季节生态类群丰度的组成特点。结果表明,浮游动物丰度和生物量季节变化明显,8月丰度最高,为(267.05±100.94)ind./m3,其他依次为11月、5月和2月;5月生物量最高,为(403.64±331.41)mg/m3,其他依次为8月、11月和2月;相关性分析表明,浮游动物丰度与生物量之间存在明显的正相关,相关系数为0.763,丰度、生物量与水温呈显著的正相关;与无机氮、活性磷酸盐表现为负相关;与浮游植物细胞丰度和叶绿素a含量未表现出相关性;与1990年相比,2004年春季浮游动物丰度和生物量均有所下降,秋季变化不大;不同季节各生物类群丰度和百分比均有差异。 相似文献
10.
根据2002年6～9月和2003年7—8月逐月在浮山湾海域进行的浮游动物调查资料,分析和讨论了该海域浮游动物的种类组成。结果表明：在浮山湾海域,2002年6—9月的调查样品中,共鉴定出浮游动物42种,隶属6门;在2003年7—8月的调查样品中,共鉴定出浮游动物34种,隶属5门;节肢动物门种类占所鉴定出的浮游动物种类的比例为76％～79％,节肢动物门占有所调查浮游动物种类的比例比较稳定。把浮山湾海域调查发现的浮游动物种类结构与胶州湾、南黄海和东海海域调查发现的浮游动物种类结构进行比较,结果表明：①以上4个海域调查发现的浮游动物共有种有16种,浮游动物不同种达71种;②浮山湾与胶州湾虽然都为近岸、近海海湾,但由于其所处地理位置的不同,调查发现有14种不同的浮游动物;③浮山湾和胶州湾与南黄海和东海海域,调查发现的不同种类浮游动物达41种;④浮山湾海域调查发现的独有种浮游动物有17种,与4个海域调查发现的相同种浮游动物的数量（16种）基本接近。沿着胶州湾、浮山湾、南黄海、东海的海域,研究随着区域的不同浮游动物种类结构的变化规律。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
14.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
15.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
16.
17.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
18.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
19.
20.
Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献