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1.
基于多普勒天气雷达资料,结合中尺度数值模拟结果,对发生在黄淮流域的2次EF2级非超级单体龙卷风暴结构及低层流场结构特征进行了诊断分析。结果表明,2次龙卷过程都发生在副高边缘,低层存在较大的垂直风切变和强烈的水汽辐合;2次龙卷都有多次及地的特征,其母体风暴生命期都在2h以上;低层速度产品上有显著的小尺度涡旋特征,涡旋中心相邻像素之间的速度差＞20m?s-1,对EF2级龙卷预警具有6～20min的时间提前量;风暴后部中下层相对风暴的速度切变显著加强并迅速下传是诱发20100717龙卷涡旋的主因;风暴内部强烈上升气流导致低层涡旋发展,诱发20120818龙卷涡旋的产生。中尺度WRF模式模拟结果能够较好地再现风暴底部气流结构特征。 相似文献
2.
三次非超级单体龙卷风暴多普勒雷达特征对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用济南和烟台多普勒天气雷达资料,结合环境物理量和天气实况,对发生在山东境内的3次非超级单体龙卷风暴进行了分析。结果表明,三次龙卷过程发生在利于雷暴产生的环境形势下。低层湿度大,低层明显的垂直风切变和有利的地形是三次非超级单体龙卷发生的有利条件。三次龙卷都发生在风暴单体发展阶段,风暴顶高和强中心高度在1个体扫时间内迅速增高。上升气流的加强和复杂的地形是诱发小尺度强切变的主因。风暴单体的迅速发展,需要强的上升气流配合,上升气流将水平方向的旋转切变抬升为垂直方向,在复杂地形作用下可产生局部小尺度涡旋运动,诱发小尺度范围的强切变,从而导致龙卷发生。 相似文献
3.
利用济南和烟台多普勒天气雷达资料,结合环境物理量和天气实况,对发生在山东境内的3次非超级单体龙卷风暴进行了分析。结果表明,三次龙卷过程发生在利于雷暴产生的环境形势下。低层湿度大,低层明显的垂直风切变和有利的地形是三次非超级单体龙卷发生的有利条件。三次龙卷都发生在风暴单体发展阶段,风暴顶高和强中心高度在1个体扫时间内迅速增高。上升气流的加强和复杂的地形是诱发小尺度强切变的主因。风暴单体的迅速发展,需要强的上升气流配合,上升气流将水平方向的旋转切变抬升为垂直方向,在复杂地形作用下可产生局部小尺度涡旋运动,诱发小尺度范围的强切变,从而导致龙卷发生。 相似文献
4.
利用灾情调查、常规观测和雷达资料对比分析2018年6月8日佛山南海龙卷和2016年8月18日湛江雷州微下击暴流两次强风天气过程。结果表明:南海龙卷强度为F1级和EF1级,雷州微下击暴流强度为F2级和EF2级,且导致风灾的气流具有多尺度性以及时空尺度小的特征。两次过程均发生在低层辐合、高层辐散和中低层急流汇合有利的环流背景,但龙卷发生在台风环流内部,而微下击暴流发生在台风外围。环境参数表现为弱的条件不稳定、对流抑制能量小和抬升凝结高度低,但龙卷过程的0—1 km风垂直切变较强。导致风灾的风暴单体均伴有中气旋,但形成龙卷的微超级单体具有明显的钩状回波特征,低层存在中等强度中气旋,中气旋尺度较微下击暴流过程的小得多,底高较低,龙卷出现前中气旋底高降低,直径缩小。形成微下击暴流的为一椭圆形的β中尺度风暴单体,低层存在强中气旋,中气旋为辐散性气旋,底高较高,直径逐渐增大,垂直剖面图上存在中层径向速度辐合、强反射率因子核心下降特征。 相似文献
5.
2021年6月25日内蒙古锡林郭勒盟太仆寺旗发生了历史罕见的EF3级强龙卷,导致6人死亡,大量建筑物等严重损毁。利用常规高空和地面观测、区域自动气象观测站、FY4卫星云图、河北省张北CB型多普勒雷达等观测资料,以及NCEP(1°×1°)逐6 h再分析资料对这次强龙卷过程进行分析。结果表明:此次龙卷发生在前倾槽不稳定层结环境背景下,较强的对流层中低层条件不稳定(850 hPa与500 hPa温度垂直减温率约为7.7℃·km-1)、低层丰富的水汽、中等强度的对流有效位能和强的0～6 km垂直风切变为超级单体风暴形成提供了有利环境背景。此外,0～1 km风矢量差为8 m·s-1,抬升凝结高度为1.0 km,为超级单体龙卷的发生提供了相对有利的环境条件。与地面干线伴随的辐合线触发了产生龙卷的母风暴,随后演变为超级单体,其雷达反射率因子呈现典型的钩状回波、低层暖湿气流入流缺口、低层弱回波区和中高层回波悬垂,以及中等强度的中气旋等特征;龙卷的生成和消亡过程中有三个超级单体风暴相继形成,都呈现为孤立的对流风暴形态,龙卷发生在其中一个超级单体钩状回波的顶端,... 相似文献
6.
综合利用多普勒雷达、地面自动气象站以及风廓线等观测资料和ERA5再分析资料,对2019年7月3日发生于辽宁开原的超级单体风暴伴随EF4级强龙卷环境条件、多普勒雷达回波特征和形成机理进行详细分析。结果表明:本次过程发生于低层暖湿高层冷干强的热力不稳定环境条件下,在地面干线汇合流场形成地面辐合线附近触发湿对流并发展为伴有龙卷的超级单体风暴。龙卷发生于低层钩状回波附近,多普勒雷达上呈现经典超级单体风暴雷达回波特征,低层强的垂直风切变将水平涡度转化为对流风暴中垂直涡度,强上升运动使得顺流涡度倾斜拉伸,从而龙卷发生前17 min在多普勒雷达2.4°仰角首先出现中气旋结构,随后风暴向南移动过程中,风暴的后侧下沉气流(RFD)将中低层的涡度“压低”致使龙卷接地,因此龙卷发生后1 min在0.5°仰角也出现强中气旋并有类龙卷涡旋特征(TVS),中气旋最强时的旋转速度达到28 m·s^(-1)(强中气旋标准),因此本次龙卷符合“自上而下”I型龙卷特征。由于环境干燥空气夹卷造成水滴强烈蒸发和冷却,使得地面出现了1 h降温达10℃的强冷池,过强的冷池可能在促使龙卷消亡过程中起到关键作用,致使龙卷持续了约30 min后消亡。 相似文献
7.
2018年9月17日台风山竹（1822）外围螺旋雨带中发生EF2级龙卷。在高湿度、高不稳定、强垂直风切变的环流背景下,龙卷在台风外围雨带上微型超级单体右后侧钩状回波顶端的弱回波区中发展起来。具有高时空分辨率的广州X波段双极化相控阵雷达,不仅观测到超级单体的发展过程,还呈现出龙卷涡旋演变特征:单体风暴尾端在右后方入流加强作用下,逐渐形成钩状回波形态,此时对流层中低层2~3 km高度附近的中气旋强度率先达到最大,随着旋转强度进一步加强和旋转中心高度逐步下降,低层强旋转特征越来越明显,当低层旋转速度达到峰值（超过21 m·s-1）,旋转直径收缩到1 km范围,地面出现EF2级以上龙卷,旋转速度对区域出现清晰的弱回波龙卷眼区特征。X波段双极化相控阵雷达在龙卷观测中优势显著,弥补了多普勒天气雷达观测的不足。 相似文献
8.
2019年7月3日辽宁开原EF4级强龙卷形成条件、演变特征和机理 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
综合应用高时空分辨率多源观测资料,分析了2019年7月3日下午辽宁开原EF4级强龙卷的天气形势、环境条件、对流触发、对流风暴演变特征和龙卷的形成与消亡机制。开原龙卷发生在东北冷涡西南侧500 hPa西北气流、850 hPa切变线、地面强西南暖湿气流中;除了对流层中下层相对湿度低、抬升凝结高度较高是开原龙卷的不利环境条件外,其他有利于强中气旋龙卷的环境条件都具备。但风廓线雷达观测和天气雷达观测的径向速度场显示0～1 km垂直风切变的增强具有中尺度特征,表明边界层强风与中层急流相耦合形成了非常有利于龙卷的垂直风切变条件。形成开原龙卷的直接系统是一孤立超级单体,具有典型的超级单体雷达回波特征、强中气旋和龙卷涡旋特征等;其由地面干线辐合线与东侧的阵风锋辐合线共同作用触发。该对流风暴前部产生的降水先使得开原及周边地区大气快速饱和、显著改善了大气低层湿度条件,当对流风暴后部钩状回波部分移动到该区域时,有利于其不太强的下沉气流产生强度适宜的冷池,加之边界层强暖湿气流入流、强低层和中层垂直风切变与强烈上升气流的共同作用,从而产生了该次开原龙卷。地面自动站观测温度分布表明,开原龙卷超级单体的冷池与环境大气温度差异在2~4℃时有利于龙卷形成,而当对流风暴的强下沉气流使冷池温差加大到7℃时,不利于近地面垂直涡度维持,导致龙卷消亡。 相似文献
9.
2017年8月11日下午,三个EF4级龙卷袭击了内蒙古自治区赤峰市的地形复杂地区,造成5人死亡,58人受伤。这是1961年以来中国有记录的最强山地龙卷事件。首先给出了此次龙卷过程的灾情调查结果,接下来分析了此次龙卷母体风暴-龙卷超级单体产生的天气背景、关键环境参数以及多普勒天气雷达观测特征。本次龙卷事件发生在东北冷涡东南象限的地面锋前和干线向湿侧发展处,CAPE(对流有效位能)值为1 800 J/kg,0～6 km风垂直切变为12.9 m/s,0～1 km风垂直切变达到10.8 m/s;同时,0～1 km相对风暴螺旋度达到67.3 m2/s2,接近美国龙卷发生环境的中位数,有利于超级单体龙卷的发生。现场灾害调查发现,灾害路径具有多涡旋和不连续的特点,可能与当地的复杂地形有关。基于多普勒天气雷达相对径向速度图识别出三个龙卷涡旋特征(TVS),TVS径向速度差最大达到38 m/s。三个龙卷及对应TVS出自同一个超级单体的同一个中气旋,其中两个TVS出现时间重叠。 相似文献
10.
2018年8月19日受台风“温比亚”影响,山东省临沂市遭受龙卷袭击。通过实地灾情调查,给出了该龙卷的影响范围、灾害分布和强度评估等,综合考虑不同标识物和致灾过程,评估本次龙卷强度为EF3级。分析龙卷发生的环境和天气雷达特征,结果表明：龙卷发生在低抬升凝结高度(≤300 m)、强低层垂直风切变(≥18×10-3s-1)、强相对风暴螺旋度(≥350 m2/s2)和较低对流有效位能(≤400 J/kg)的有利环境条件下;龙卷超级单体嵌于台风右侧螺旋雨带内,龙卷发生在中气旋与风暴后侧下沉气流区相接一侧,与龙卷涡旋特征位置对应;龙卷及地时中气旋向下延伸加强,同时风暴顶及单体质心迅速下降;若探测到低层中等强度中气旋时应发布龙卷预警,则此次过程的龙卷预警时间提前量为15～20 min。 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
15.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
16.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
17.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献
18.
Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献