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1.
利用逐5 min地面观测资料、探空资料、风云四号卫星云图以及NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,分析2020年2月1—2日出现在榆林市的一次浓雾天气成因及维持机制。结果表明：此次浓雾属于辐射雾,发生在500 hPa为较平直纬向气流,700 hPa和850 hPa盛行弱偏北风,地面处于均压场中的大尺度环流背景下。大雾出现前雾区有降雪,降雪后空气湿度达到饱和,地面维持3 m/s以下弱偏北风,夜间辐射降温,气温下降至露点温度,饱和水汽凝结成小水珠,大雾得以形成和发展;雾区上空850 hPa上逆温层稳定存在,影响动量的垂直交换,使得水汽在近地层长时间集聚,是浓雾得以维持12 h的主要原因;日出后地面气温回升,近地面动量下传和冷空气入侵,垂直扩散增强,浓雾得以快速消散。分析浓雾期间动力和水汽条件发现,大雾出现前,水汽在雾区上空辐合,为大雾的形成提供了水汽基础;大雾维持阶段,雾区上空层结稳定,近地面有逆温层存在;大雾消散阶段,逆温层被破坏,低层转为辐散气流,浓雾快速消散。 相似文献
2.
冀中南连续12天大雾天气的形成及维持机制 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、常规观测资料和加密观测资料,对2007年12月17-28日冀中南地区连续性大雾过程的天气背景和雾长时间维持的原因及热力、动力结构特征进行了分析。结果表明,大雾期间我国中高纬地区冷空气活动偏弱,500hPa受稳定的暖性宽广高压脊控制,为维持数日不散的大雾天气提供了有利的环流背景;850hPa及以下多以偏东风和偏南风为主,偏东风不仅使雾区近地层温度降低,而且还将海域水汽送至雾区;同时偏南风也为雾区源源不断地输送水汽,特别是东北风的维持有利于强浓雾的形成,这是大雾持久不消散的主要原因;低层弱辐合、正涡度区、弱水汽辐合和900hPa以上的暖脊有利于雾的稳定维持和发展;由于强冷空气的到来导致大雾消散,破坏了稳定的逆温层结。 相似文献
3.
利用常规高空地面、机场跑道自动观测系统(AWOS)、微波辐射计及FY4A新一代静止气象卫星等资料对2019年12月9～13日发生于北疆沿天山一带的一次持续性浓雾天气进行观测特征及演变分析，结果表明：（1）此次大雾天气过程是发生在500 hPa高空脊区控制，低层不断有暖平流东伸，地面位于蒙古冷高压后部均压场的大尺度环流背景下。（2）大雾发生前，地面明显升温有利于地表融雪、水汽蒸发，这为浓雾的形成和维持提供有利的水汽条件。浓雾维持期间，地面风速维持1 m.s-1左右的弱风场，温度露点差≤2℃，空气接近饱和，准噶尔盆地低洼地形均为浓雾维持提供有力环境条件。浓雾消散期间，风速增大，急剧降温，快速增湿，有利于雾滴凝结为米雪，使得浓雾消散。（3）Brunt-Vaisala（布伦特-维萨拉）指数能较好的反映浓雾期间边界层稳定度，并能提炼出相关稳定度阈值。浓雾期间相对湿度≥85%高度层主要集中在100米以下的贴地层，持续深厚的湿度层为浓雾形成和持续提供较好水汽条件，大雾期间强逆温层顶主要维持在600 m高度，当逆温层顶高度抬升时，有利于雾滴粒子、水汽粒子向上扩散，能见度好转。（4）FY4A卫星的多通道可见光及红外通道差图像能较好的监视白天及夜间大雾的形成、维持及生消变化，对于业务中短时临近预报有较好的帮助。 相似文献
4.
利用常规气象观测数据、NCEP再分析资料和WRF4.0中尺度数值模式，对2019年12月8—15日新疆天山北坡出现的一次持续性大雾天气的成因进行分析。结果表明：此次大雾天气出现在500 hPa新疆脊控制、850 hPa暖中心维持、地面蒙古冷高压影响的环流背景下。雾开始和维持阶段，地面1 200 m存在逆温强度为0.9℃/100 m的强逆温层，为大雾的形成和维持提供了静力稳定条件；大雾一般出现在辐射降温最明显的傍晚前后；大雾天气出现后2 m气温和地面温度温差始终维持在5℃左右，地、气温差使地面积雪一直升华，为大雾天气持续提供了充足的水汽条件；近地层大气一直存在2.0 m/s以下的微风，形成的湍流维持了雾滴悬浮的平衡状态。当逆温层中上层出现6～10 m/s偏东风时，雾层厚度增加；中上层风速过大或地面～600 m风向一致时，雾减弱或消散。 相似文献
5.
选用气象自动观测站5 min加密观测资料、探空秒级资料、风廓线雷达资料及欧洲中心ERA5逐小时再分析资料,对2019年1月10—12日陕西关中平原一次持续性浓雾天气的环流形势、生消演变特征及其爆发性增强成因进行分析。结果表明：此次浓雾过程具有强度大、持续时间长、多地爆发性增强的特征。雨后的高湿环境,为此次浓雾过程提供了有利的水汽条件;稳定维持的强逆温层,使大量水汽积聚在近地表不易扩散,为此次浓雾的爆发增强和持续提供了有利的层结条件;关中平原特殊地形作用形成的风场辐合,使水汽充分凝结,有利于强浓雾的发展。触发因子是此次浓雾多地短时爆发性增强的可能原因,如风向的突然转变和近地面冷空气回流等。浓雾爆发增长前静稳指数的提前跃增,静稳天气背景条件下925 hPa高度以下近地面东风回流,可作为该地区大雾爆发增强的参考指标。 相似文献
6.
2008年12月20-21日和2010年1月3日天津地区分别出现了历史同期罕见的暴雪天气。为了提高对这种极端天气发生机理的认识,利用多种资料对这两次天气过程进行了分析。结果表明：两次暴雪过程均属于回流型降雪,但环流形势和影响系统的演变却不尽相同。影响系统分别为高空横槽（高空槽）、850 hPa切变（850 hPa低涡切变）、地面倒槽（地面气旋）,水汽源自700 hPa西南气流和边界层东风的水汽输送。由于两次过程均与边界层东风相伴,特别对渤海西岸边界层东风对降雪天气的影响和作用作了探讨,表明偏东风不仅为本地输送一定量级的水汽,同时这种具有冷湿特征的东风还会与内陆具有暖湿结构的偏南风形成地面辐合线,加强地面的动力抬升作用,产生上升运动,有利于雨雪天气的加强和维持,因此可以认为边界层东风对暴雪的发生发展起到了显著的作用。 相似文献
7.
2008年12月20—21日和2010年1月3日天津地区分别出现了历史同期罕见的暴雪天气。为了提高对这种极端天气发生机理的认识,利用多种资料对这两次天气过程进行了分析。结果表明：两次暴雪过程均属于回流型降雪,但环流形势和影响系统的演变却不尽相同。影响系统分别为高空横槽（高空槽）、850 hPa切变（850 hPa低涡切变）和地面倒槽（地面气旋）,水汽源自700 hPa西南气流和边界层东风的水汽输送。由于两次过程均与边界层东风相伴,特别对渤海西岸边界层东风对降雪天气的影响和作用进行探讨,表明偏东风不仅为本地输送一定量级的水汽,同时这种具有冷湿特征的东风还会与内陆具有暖湿结构的偏南风形成地面辐合线,加强地面的动力抬升作用,产生上升运动,有利于雨雪天气的加强和维持,因此可以认为边界层东风对暴雪的发生发展起到了显著的作用。 相似文献
8.
一次罕见冬季强浓雾天气成因分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用加密观测资料和NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°的6 h再分析资料,对2006年12月25~27日发生在我国中东部地区的一次罕见强浓雾天气过程从大尺度背景、动力和热力机制等方面进行了诊断分析。结果表明:①本次过程大雾发生阶段近地面风速很小,在0.3~2.9 m/s之间变化;浓雾发生阶段风速在0.3~2.4 m/s之间变化;15 m能见度维持阶段风速在0.8~1.1 m/s之间变化;②虽然浓雾发生前的很长一段时间内水汽条件差,而且后期西风槽影响时也无降水,但是槽前西南气流的持续水汽输送使得强浓雾形成所必须的水汽条件得到满足;③在大雾发生前,稳定层结逐渐建立并在大雾期间稳定维持,稳定层结的建立和维持对浓雾的形成、持续有重要作用;日出后首先在较高层出现不稳定层结,继而下传到底层,稳定层结被破坏,大雾减轻或消散;④第1阶段(25日夜里至26日上午)强浓雾出现前,能见度出现多次急速大幅振荡,在第2阶段(26日傍晚至27日上午)则未出现类似现象。 相似文献
9.
一次罕见的辐射-平流雾研究(I)——生消物理过程分析 总被引：8，自引：7，他引：1
2006年12月份在南京市郊进行了雾的综合外场观测.本文通过对12月24-27日持续4 d的大雾过程进行分析,揭示了南京市郊雾生消过程中宏观物理演变特征,并在此基础上分析了产生这些特征的原因.这次大雾为辐射平流雾,其边界层温、湿结构特征与以往研究的辐射雾存在明显的不同;大雾维持时间久,尤其是强浓雾天气(能见度<50 m)持续时间长达约37 h;逆温深厚,雾层厚,雾顶高,多在450 m以上.研究表明:逆温层深厚、大气层结稳定、风向风速适宜,暖湿气流的不断补充,是这次大雾长时间稳定维持且雾顶高的主要原因. 相似文献
10.
民勤干旱区冬季浓雾形成的边界层条件分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用民勤县气象站过程地面小时观测资料、逐日08时和20时每隔50 m探空资料和NECP再分析资料,对2015年11月9—13日出现在干旱区民勤县的一次罕见浓雾天气过程进行了研究分析。结果表明:前期降水后地面相对湿度增大,为大雾形成提供了必要的水汽条件,稳定的高低层环流配置提供了大雾形成的稳定层结和弱风条件。雾层的厚度和强度与近地面逆温层的强度和厚度、边界层高度、水汽垂直运动以及夜间地气温差绝对值密切相关,边界层高度越高,逆温层越厚,雾层越厚;逆温层越强,夜间地气温差绝对值越小,雾层越强。高空环流形势稳定少动,近地层强逆温层、稳定等温层以及饱和湿层长时间维持,导致此次大雾强度和持续时间异常罕见。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献