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基于POM模式,以西北太平洋海域为试验海区,针对Nudging松弛项的差分方案及Nudging松弛系数进行了数值试验。结果表明,通过引入Nudging松弛项的潮波模拟结果明显优于未加Nudging松弛项的模拟结果;在松弛系数取值相等情况下,Nudging松弛项采用隐式差分方案的结果要优于采用显式差分方案的结果;Nudging松弛项差分方案不论是显式还是隐式,模拟结果的偏差都随着松弛系数的增加而逐渐减小,当松弛系数增加到最优值后,模拟结果的偏差将随着松弛系数的增加而加大;Nudging松弛项差分方案为显式时,松弛系数太大将导致模式溢出;而Nudging松弛项差分方案为隐式时,能够有效增大松弛系数的阈值。文中还给出了最优Nudging同化方案下西北太平洋海域M2分潮的同潮图。 相似文献
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马迹山港三期工程对附近海域泥沙淤积的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用海洋数值模式（FVCOM）建立马迹山港三期工程海域三维潮流模型,模拟港口建设前后的潮流场,研究工程后周边海域潮流场的变化。同时结合台风“灿鸿”的风场资料,在水动力的基础上添加台风气压场和风场,建立风暴潮数值模型,分析在极端天气下三期工程的建设对周边海域流场的影响。最后结合模型计算结果,根据现场调查资料以及历史试验成果进行工程周边海域泥沙回淤以及风暴潮骤淤的计算分析。结果表明：工程后流场的变化主要集中在工程区和附近海域,变化幅度约在0.3m/s~0.4m/s之间,对工程区以外大范围海域影响较小。工程后码头水流条件得到较好的改善,水流与码头走向趋于平行。工程周边海域泥沙回淤量较小,不会对船舶航行安全造成影响,另据骤淤计算结果分析,马迹山港周边海域在台风期间的短期淤强较小,两天的淤积量不超过5cm,不具备骤淤的可能性。 相似文献
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对威海九龙湾海域进行二维水动力-谱波和水动力-水质的耦合计算?分析,研究堤防建设工程前后潮流场、波浪场的变化,并对工程导致的水质变化进行数值计算、分析。潮流场的数值计算结果与实测潮位、流速、流向值进行对比,验证了该模型的准确性。计算结果表明,工程建设对海域潮流场的影响主要集中在距工程位置1.3km范围以内海域;工程建设改变了周边的波浪传播方向,使得掩护范围内的水域的波浪作用明显减弱,有利于后方岸滩的保护;施工期所产生悬浮泥沙对海洋环境的影响主要位于施工区1km范围内,其范围以外海域受到的影响不大。 相似文献
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运用三维海洋模型FVCOM(Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model),采用有限体积计算方法,引入了"干、湿"判断,建立了天海达工程附近海域的三维潮流和泥沙输移模型,预测分析了天海达工程建设后对附近海域水动力和地形冲淤的影响。结果表明工程建设后对其西侧潮流影响较大,东侧与南侧影响较小,且随着距离的增加,影响程度减小,在距离工程1200 m以外海域流速相对变化值大约在8%以内;工程建设前后,静风条件下,工程附近海域地形变化趋势基本一致,但由于岸线的改变,工程东西两侧500m范围内近岸海域淤积程度增大,淤积增大幅度范围为0.05～0.1 cm/a。 相似文献
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北仑港三期工程废水排放对比仑海域水质影响的数值分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用二维非恒定流的显式迎流有限元法模拟北仑海域的潮流，在潮位潮流验证的基础上计算了北仑三期工程与马后北仑港生活污水，船舶含油废水的排放引起该海域水质的变化，预测分析了北仑三期工程废水排放对北仑海域水质影响的程度和范围。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(12)
采用有限体积近岸海洋模型FVCOM,基于渤海2004和2014年的岸线地形数据,构建渤海2个年份的三维潮汐潮流数值模式;通过数值模拟研究,探讨了渤海岸线地形变化对潮波系统和潮流性质的影响。数值模拟结果表明:岸线地形变化后,半日分潮潮时在渤海湾、莱州湾和渤海中部东南海域提前,在辽东湾和渤海中部西北海域滞后;振幅在渤海湾及辽东湾增大,在莱州湾及渤海中部减小;位于秦皇岛和黄河口的半日分潮无潮点位置分别向西南和东南方向移动。渤海绝大部分海域全日分潮潮时提前,振幅增大,位于渤海海峡的全日潮无潮点位置向东移动。潮流性质系数在莱州湾增大,在渤海其他大部分海域减小,渤海规则半日潮流海区范围略有增加,不规则半日潮流海区范围相应减少。 相似文献
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采用潮流控制方程和湍封闭方程构建完整的三维浅海潮波定解方程组,建立涠洲岛附近海域的三维潮流数值模型来计算涠洲岛附近海域的潮流和潮位变化情况,采用大海域计算得出的调和常数值作为开边界的输入值,从潮位验证、潮流验证和流场的变化规律等多方面情况看,计算结果与实际监测符合良好,具有较高的精确度,模拟计算结果较真实地反映了涠洲岛附近海域的潮位变化和潮流运动状况.在潮流模拟验证正确的情况下,建立溢油预测模型,采用欧拉-拉格朗日追踪方法,进行油膜中心轨迹的预测,并预测了油膜漂移的扩展面积、扫海面积和残留量随时间的变化值. 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献