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该文首先介绍了大面积降水的多普勒天气雷达径向速度PPI图像识别技术, 包括:①冷暖平流与大尺度辐合辐散运动叠加的图像特征; ②由零线的朝向和正负速度面积、径向速度值的大小判断风向风速辐合辐散的图像特征, 然后介绍了利用EVAD技术由雷达基数据定量计算大气平均散度和平均垂直速度的方法, 最后应用图像识别技术和EVAD方法对石家庄2004年冬季的一次大面积降雪过程进行了详细分析, 发现:此次大面积降雪过程有明显的辐合辐散图像特征, 径向速度值小, 辐合辐散弱, 始终存在暖平流。另外, 降雪强度和散度、垂直速度关系密切:辐合层厚度加大, 辐散抬高, 则降雪加强; 辐合、辐散层高度降低, 则降雪减弱。同时, 由EVAD技术定量计算的散度和相同时刻由径向速度图像产品定性分析的辐合、辐散基本一致。 相似文献
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利用常规资料和大同多普勒雷达产品,对2009年11月9日一10日发生在大同地区的大到暴雪天气过程进行综合分析。结果表明：地面回流和高低空急流是产生强降雪的主要原因;较大降雪回波与连续性降雨回波存在相同特点;利用大面积降水的多普勒天气雷达径向速度PPI图像识别技术,定性分析此次降雪的冷暖平流与大尺度辐合辐散运动叠加的图像特征和由零线的朝向和正负速度面积、径向速度值的大小判断风向风速辐合辐散的图像特征,与根据零速度线的弯曲程度以及一定距离圈上零速度点与雷达中心连线的夹角推导出的定量计算大气辐合辐散值的算法计算出的大气平均散度值相比较,表明两种方法具有很好的一致性,可以在实际工作中对辐合、辐散快速判断。由重新处理雷达原始资料求得每半小时的雷达风廓线资料,可以清楚地展示强降雪的风场的垂直结构及其变化特点,直观地反映出降水过程中的风场变化特征。 相似文献
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利用高空、地面环流形势图、欧洲数值预报产品和大同地区C波段单多普勒雷达产品中的反射率因子、径向速度和VWP产品,对2009年 11月9-10日发生在大同地区的大到暴雪天气过程进行综合分析。结果表明：地面回流和高低空急流是产生强降雪的主要原因;较大降雪回波与连续性降雨回波存在相同特点;利用大面积降水的多普勒雷达PPI径向速度零线的朝向、正负速度面积和径向速度值的大小定性判断辐合辐散图像特征与根据零速度线的弯曲程度、一定距离圈上零速度点与雷达中心连线夹角计算出的辐散值相比较,表明两种方法具有很好的一致性,可以在实际工作中对辐合、辐散快速判断。由重新处理雷达原始资料求得每30 min的雷达风廓线资料,可以清楚地展示强降雪的风场的垂直结构及其变化特点,直观地反映出降水过程中的风场变化特征。 相似文献
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利用高空、地面环流形势图、欧洲数值预报产品和大同地区C波段单多普勒雷达产品中的反射率因子、径向速度和VWP产品,对2009年11月9—10日发生在大同地区的暴雪天气过程进行综合分析。结果表明：地面回流和高低空急流是产生强降雪的主要原因;较大降雪回波与连续性降雨回波存在相同特点。利用大面积降水的多普勒雷达PPI径向速度零线的朝向、正负速度面积和径向速度值的大小定性判断辐合辐散图像特征与根据零速度线的弯曲程度、一定距离圈上零速度点与雷达中心连线夹角计算出的辐散值相比较,表明两种方法具有较好的一致性,可以在实际工作中对辐合、辐散快速判断。由重新处理的雷达原始资料求得每30 min的雷达风廓线资料,可以清楚地展示强降雪风场的垂直结构及其变化,直观地反映降水过程中的风场变化特征。 相似文献
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用雷达反演资料诊断江苏地区一次暴雨过程 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对2010年7月12日发生在江苏中部地区一次暴雨天气过程产生的原因、多普勒雷达图像产品特征及由雷达数据反演的物理量场进行了诊断分析和定量评估,得出如下结论:雷达径向速度图像特征变化反映了风场辐合辐散特征的变化,有助于了解雨势增减情况。多普勒雷达径向速度提取的散度数据与NCEP散度数据整体趋势上是一致的,但辐合辐散中心区位置及强度存在差别,雷达反演散度强度较NCEP大4~5倍,天气过程变化期间两者散度在垂直高度场的配置调整均能反映降水动力场变化;400hPa及以下高度反演的平均散度更可信;对于雨强小于等于16mm/h的降水天气过程效果更好。由雷达基数据定量计算得到的平均散度特征和垂直速度随时间和高度的变化,能较好的反映出强降水过程的动力学特性;雷电频次与强降水出现时次有一定相关性,约有1~2h提前量,雷电发生随时间演变与雷达回波强度时空分布较为吻合,云底动能施力参量一定程度可以描述闪电增长情况,较降雨量约有40min左右的提前量,有一定预警能力。 相似文献
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多普勒雷达速度图像识别及散度提取方法研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
大尺度风场往往是冷暖平流与大尺度辐合辐散运动相结合的结果,因此将大尺度风场的多普勒雷达速度特征提炼成以下4种类型:(1)暖平流与辐合迭加;(2)冷平流与辐合迭加;(3)暖平流与辐散迭加;(4)冷平流与辐散迭加。不同类型的风场引起零速度线不同的弯曲特征,对判断大尺度风场的辐合辐散有着指示作用。根据零速度线的弯曲程度以及一定距离圈上零速度点与雷达中心连线的夹角等,首先推导出定量计算大气辐合辐散值的算法,然后提出利用逐个调整法识别零速度点的方法。根据该算法,结合零速度点的识别技术,提出了图像识别原理与方法步骤。据此,能够从多普勒雷达基数据中提取出大气平均散度,得到大尺度天气系统不同高度的散度值,并进一步提出了散度平面位置显示(divergence PPI)的概念。通过实例,根据散度PPI与速度PPI的对比,分析了图像识别的效果,并将图像识别法提取的散度值与EVAD技术提取的散度值进行了对比分析。 相似文献
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针对2007年3月2日-4日出现在黄土高原干旱地区的一次大范围较强降雨过程,利用常规气象观测资料和多普勒雷达监测资料进行了分析,发现：这次降雨为积层混合云降水,在强度PPI上具有回波范围大,分布较均匀、连续,边缘不规则等连续性降雨回波特征;VIL的变化与降水发生有明显的正相关,对降水过程的发生有一定的指示意义;多普勒径向速度的PPI图像中各个圈层正、负速度值的大小和同一风速值所对应的面积大小可以判断各个高度层风向、风速的辐合辐散;由零速度线的走向可以定性判断辐合辐散与冷暖平流,进而推断降水的生消。通过对此次降水个例的分析,探讨了春季强降雨过程的雷达图像特征,为干旱区春季大面积降水预报积累经验、提供一定的参考依据。 相似文献
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一次暴雨的湿位涡分析及EVAD技术应用 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：2
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和实测资料对2004年6月24-25日的一次江苏暴雨过程进行了分析,并且根据湿位涡守恒原理和倾斜涡度发展理论,对这次暴雨过程中的湿位涡进行了诊断分析,结果表明:此次暴雨由中尺度低涡、切变线直接触发产生;西南低空急流的稳定维持为这次暴雨的发生提供了重要的水汽条件;当负湿位涡向上的扰动高度增加、强度增强,高低空正负湿位涡区配合较好时常会出现强降水.另外,利用EVAD技术由多普勒雷达基数据定量计算了这次过程的平均散度场,通过分析其演变情况,发现:低层散度场由辐散逐渐向辐合过渡、高层散度场由辐合逐渐向辐散过渡时,预示着强降水将要发生,如果出现相反的变化趋势,则降水减弱或停止;低层由辐散向辐合、高层由辐合向辐散的转折出现时间早于强降水出现的时间,对强降水产生有预示作用,对预报员准确作出短时临近预报预警具有重要实际应用价值. 相似文献
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暴雨的多普勒天气雷达速度辐合风场特征 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
多普勒天气雷达探测大范围强降水时,其多普勒速度回波特征既不同于单纯的暖(冷)平流的特征(S或反S形)也不同于纯粹的大尺度辐合(散)运动特征(弓状), 而是暖(冷)平流和辐合(散) 两种运动相结合的风场(称之为复合风场)所产生的多普勒速度特征.应用天津塘沽新一代天气雷达资料,并结合自动气象站资料和改进的EVAD 技术,分析2005年8月16日发生在海河流域的一次大范围、长时间的强降雨天气过程的多普勒天气雷达资料.结果表明:(1)当低层出现暖平流和辐合运动相结合的复合风场特征时,即多普勒天气雷达速度场产品表现为自雷达中心开始,在同一距离圈上,一侧的零速度线弯向正速度区的顺转程度明显大于另一侧的零速度线弯向负速度区的顺转程度,即负速度区面积大于正速度区的面积时,降水就增强或维持.(2)当低层出现暖平流和辐散运动相结合的复合风场特征时,对应降水减弱或停止.这种对雷达速度场的辐合辐散分析将对大范围强降水的形成、发展、维持和消散具有很好的临近预报指示作用. 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
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Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献
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Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献