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利用2010—2019年江西省闪电定位监测数据、地理信息数据和社会经济数据,基于GIS技术、自然灾害风险评估方法和层次分析法等方法,从致灾因子、孕灾环境、承灾体3个方面,开展雷电灾害风险区划的研究,并形成江西省雷电灾害风险区划。结果表明：江西省雷电灾害的极高风险区和高风险区主要分布在南昌市、宜春市、新余市、上饶市、吉安市大部分地区和赣州小部分地区,中风险区和低风险区主要分布在九江市、萍乡市和抚州市大部分地区,该区划结果与江西省近10 a雷灾造成的人员伤亡情况大致吻合。 相似文献
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根据 2007-2011 年浙江省雷电灾害事故调查资料、浙江省地闪监测资料,选取地闪密度、灾害频数、经济（GDP）损失模数、生命易损模数、雷灾经济损失、人员伤亡等作为浙江省各市雷电灾害易损性评估指标,对浙江省各市进行雷电灾害易损性综合评估,并结合 GIS 方法对浙江省进行了雷电灾害易损性风险区划,为有针对性做好防御雷电灾害规划提供科学依据. 相似文献
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在分析国内雷电灾害风险区划发展现状进行的基础上,从区域雷电灾害事前风险评估的角度出发,采用灾害评估的承灾体、致灾体模式,引入雷电风险、地域风险和承灾体风险作为评估指标,针对每个指标选取与其发生紧密度较高的参数作为2级评价标准,对区域雷电灾害风险进行基于事前致灾因子的区域雷电灾害风险评估研究,并以福建省为例,应用该模型进行了计算。结果表明,基于承灾体、致灾体模式的区域雷电灾害风险评估模型能较好地反应出区域雷电灾害发生的损失程度,对于行政区域范围的雷电灾害风险度区域与政府决策支持具有积极的指导意义。 相似文献
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基于GIS的徐水县干旱灾害风险区划 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以河北省保定市徐水县干旱灾害为例,对其干旱灾害风险区划进行研究。利用GIS技术,建立气象数据库,集成基础地理数据、气象观测数据和人口经济等资料;选择适当指标,实现干旱灾害致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体脆弱性和防灾减灾能力栅格化的计算。通过建立干旱灾害风险评估模型,完成干旱灾害风险区划的绘制,并分析了徐水县干旱灾害风险区划的分布特点。结果表明,徐水县干旱灾害风险分布呈地区性差异,中部地区发生干旱灾害的风险较高,西南地区风险较低。 相似文献
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程丽丹 《南京气象学院学报》2019,11(2):234-240
根据自然灾害风险评估理论,利用闪电定位资料、地理信息数据、社会经济数据以及雷电灾情等数据,采用层次分析法（AHP法）,从致灾因子的危险性、承灾体的暴露度和承灾体的脆弱性方面,研究雷电灾害风险评估及区划方法,建立起评价指标与风险评估的定量关系,形成了河南省雷电灾害风险评估的方法.同时,结合GIS技术,形成了致灾因子危险性分布图、承灾体的暴露度分布图和承灾体的脆弱性分布图,最终叠加形成河南省雷电灾害综合风险区划图.区划结果表明：高风险区主要位于豫东和豫西北大部分地区,低风险区主要位于豫北和豫西南部分地区. 相似文献
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为了加强暴雨相关的防灾减灾工作的科学性,本文基于云南省126个国家气象站2010—2019年10年的逐时降水资料和基础地理信息数据,从暴雨灾害致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性和承灾体易损性3个方面,建立暴雨灾害风险评估模型,利用熵值法、自然断点法、ArcGIS插值和栅格分析方法,实现云南省暴雨灾害风险的区划评估。结果显示:(1)暴雨灾害高风险区主要集中于云南南部,包括西双版纳州、普洱市、红河南部、德宏州及北部地区;(2)迪庆州、怒江州、丽江市北部等地暴雨灾害风险等级较低;(3)全省暴雨灾害高风险区、次高风险区面积占比分别为7.05%、25.22%,低风险区、次低风险区面积占比分别为10.32%、21.86%。使用2020年暴雨灾害次数、暴雨日对区划评估结果进行检验表明,区划评估结果具有科学合理性。 相似文献
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用桂林市13个气象观测站点50年的雷暴观测资料,以及近13年的雷电灾害记录,分析桂林市雷电变化特征及分布规律,利用灾害风险评估方法,选择雷电日数作为致灾因子,气候背景和地形地貌作为孕灾环境,人口及经济发展情况作为承灾体,对桂林雷电灾害进行评估.结合GIS提供的地理信息,完成桂林市雷电灾害风险区划.研究结果:东北方雷电风险等级低,西南方风险等级高;近年来雷电日数有降低的趋势. 相似文献
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为了明确不同区县雷电灾害风险的高低程度、防御措施和减轻雷灾损失,利用地闪资料、雷电灾情数据、社会经济资料和地理信息数据,采取归一化法、层次分析法和加权综合评价法,考虑致灾因子的危险性、孕灾环境的敏感性和承灾体的易损性3个评价指标,选择地闪密度、地闪强度、海拔高度、地形起伏、地表覆盖类型、人口密度、地均GDP、生命损失指数、经济损失指数和耕地比重等10个影响因子建立雷电灾害区划模型,绘制出新疆雷电灾害风险区划图。结果表明:雷电灾害风险极高区主要集中在阿勒泰地区北部、塔城地区大部、博州、伊犁州、喀什市和天山北坡经济带南部部分地区,而古尔班通古特沙漠和塔克拉玛干沙漠地区属于一般风险区。通过与新疆历史雷电灾情数据比较发现,雷电灾情次数空间分布与风险区划分布趋势大致吻合。 相似文献
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文中从台风灾害的致灾危险性和承灾体脆弱性两方面选取评价指标,利用最小鉴别信息原理计算组合权重,采用模糊数学方法得到台风致灾危险性和承灾体脆弱性的评价指数。基于云模型和风险矩阵,构建一个新的台风灾害等级评估模型。以1984—2016年登陆华南的50个台风为例,对华南台风灾害风险进行综合等级评估,结果与实际相符。与基于云模型—权重分配、模糊数学的台风灾害综合风险等级评估模型的结果进行比较,发现基于云模型—风险矩阵的台风灾害综合等级评估模型,不仅利用了云模型的优点,充分考虑了台风灾害的模糊性和随机性,还利用风险矩阵合成了台风致灾危险性和承灾体脆弱性的评价结果,比单一的模糊数学模型更合理可靠,在一定程度上也比云模型—权重分配模型结果更符合实际。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
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Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献
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Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献