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1.
利用NECP 1°×1°6 h再分析资料和WRF中尺度数值模式对2006年7月2-3日豫北区域性大暴雨过程进行数值模拟,并用模拟结果对该过程作中尺度分析.结果表明:暴雨中尺度系统发展和维持期间,基本上是强涡度区对应强辐合区,使得垂直对流运动发生发展,为强降水发生和持续提供了动力条件;θse值大小和实况降水强弱演变对应关系很好,θse值越大,实况降水越强,反之,实况降水越弱;豫北地区出现强降水时,水汽通量中心位于豫南且分布在西南急流轴上,豫中南部始终维持一条明显的水汽输送带,水汽被源源不断地输送到豫北地区;豫北地区处于明显的水汽辐合区,强辐合区有一自西向东的移动过程,与实况强降水过程演变趋势一致;大暴雨区域上空从低层到对流层顶层垂直螺旋度均为正值,且强降水时段与螺旋度最强时段对应关系很好,降水峰值与正螺旋度中心出现时间吻合. 相似文献
2.
一次长江中下游梅雨锋暴雨过程的诊断分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、FY-2C卫星云顶亮温(TBB)和中尺度模式WRF输出的15 km高分辨率资料,对2008年影响浙皖赣地区的一次梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了诊断分析.结果表明,青藏高原东侧西风槽和副热带高压之间的相互作用、对流层中低层切变线的维持以及低涡东移、发展是暴雨发生的天气尺度背景.TBB数据显示,在切变线附近不断有中尺度对流云团生成并东移、发展.与暴雨区相对应,在低空西南急流左侧存在多个β中尺度强水汽通量辐合中心,高空西风急流人口区右侧排列着一系列的辐散中心,表明该地区存在较强的水汽辐合上升运动.对流层低层高温高湿、中高层冷空气侵入,导致大气层结处于极不稳定状态.湿位涡的分布与中心位置对暴雨落区及强度具有较好地指示意义.暴雨区附近对流层高、低层都存在较明显的位涡水平平流,导致位涡扰动不断地自上游向下游地区移动.锋区前暖区的对流层中低层存在强垂直位涡柱,引发气旋性环流的发展,从而促进了辐合上升运动. 相似文献
3.
区域中尺度模式对西南地区一次强降水过程的预报分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了认识区域数值模式对西南地区降水预报能力,探索降水预报误差原因,本文应用MICAP资料,NCEP再分析资料,FY-2E辐射亮温资料,自动站资料,西南涡加密观测资料等,针对2012年7月2～5日西南地区一次强降水过程,分析了西南区域中心运行的WRF模式和GRAPES中尺度模式的预报能力,得到：（1）两模式不同程度反映了本次强降水过程.相对而言,WRF模式的预报略好于GRAPES,得益于WRF模式对对流层中低层温度、水汽、流场等演变的较好反映.（2）两模式预报对流层中低层温度偏差总体呈现正偏差,GRAPES模式呈现较大的温度偏差,正偏差特征更显著.两模式不同程度出现空报降水,特别是在高原东南坡.GRAPES模式空报雨区特征更明显.（3）两模式预报近地层湿度较实况大,都预报高原南坡,特别是高原东南坡风场辐合、水汽场辐合偏强,可能是造成虚假降水的主要原因.（4）较实况,WRF模式预报对流层高层的高压和对流层中低层的低压系统偏强,GRAPES模式预报西南低空急流偏强（可能是引起温度正偏差的原因）,两个模式预报的对流层正涡度较深厚,辐合上升运动强,这些可能是造成降水预报偏差的原因. 相似文献
4.
以2012年7月15日凌晨榆林地区一次短时强降水过程为研究对象,利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、FY-2E卫星资料及常规气象观测资料,通过卫星水汽图像和大气动力场相结合的方法揭示冷涡影响下降水过程中干侵入的特征及其对短时强降水发生、发展的作用机制。结果表明:此次短时强降水过程中干侵入特征明显,卫星水汽图像上的黑体亮温高值区与干冷区相对应,干冷区的伸入使得对流云团边缘亮温梯度增大,同时对流云团发展;干侵入与对流层高层的下沉运动、高值位涡以及干冷区相对应,因干冷空气叠加在暖湿气流之上,在强降水区上空出现了对流不稳定层结,为短时强降水的发生创造了有利的环境条件。另外,此次降水过程水汽条件主要集中在对流层低层,风场辐合带来的短时间水汽辐合为短时强降水集聚了一定的水汽条件。在地面中尺度辐合线的触发作用下,将不稳定层结中包含水汽的气块抬升,从而形成降水。 相似文献
5.
2006年8月海河流域暴雨过程的成因分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在当前气候日趋变暖的大背景下,极端天气事件频发,为了认识暴雨的形成机理,提高海河流域暴雨的预报能力,利用NCEP 1°×1°的6小时再分析资料和常规观测资料以及FY-2C卫星云图资料,对2006年8月25-26日海河流域的暴雨过程,尤其是河北东部的大暴雨进行了天气学诊断分析.分析结果表明,暴雨是产生在前期大气对流不稳定区域里,25日20时到26日02时6小时雨量超过20mm的站点基本分布在对流层中低层湿位涡的负值区内,低空急流为暴雨区输送大量的不稳定能量、热量以及动量,为暴雨的产生提供了充足的能量条件和水汽条件;流域东部的大暴雨区处在正螺旋度大值中心以西地区,暴雨区上空有较强的旋转上升气流;暴雨期间中低层辐合、高层辐散,高层辐散强于中低层辐合的抽吸作用,有利于加强低层辐合和对流上升运动,为大暴雨的产生提供了动力条件;对流层中高层的水汽对强降水云团的发展起了重要作用. 相似文献
6.
利用WRF模式对2010年8月21日发生在雅安地区的一次暴雨过程进行了数值模拟。对比分析模拟和实况发现,WRF模式较好的模拟了此次降水过程的时空分布,人而利用模式输出的高时空分辨率模拟资料对此次暴雨进行诊断分析。结果表明,青藏高原地形的阻挡作用使副热带高压西南缘的暖湿气流持续向四川盆地输送,在雅安地区上空700 hPa形成气旋性环流中心;主要降水时段内强降水中心从低层到高层均出现了强烈的上升运动,以及暴雨中心上空维持着高层辐散、低层辐合,高空为负涡度、低空为正涡度,且随暴雨过程发展对流层正涡度的加强作用为暴雨的生成和维持提供了有利的动力条件;对流层中低层接近饱和的空气、强烈的水汽输送以及水汽通量散度高低层的配置,为本次暴雨提供了充足的水汽条件;对流层低层大气存在明显的不稳定层结,中层为中性层结,这种对流性不稳定的维持为暴雨天气的发生提供了热力条件,有利于强降水过程的形成。 相似文献
7.
一次东北冷涡过程的数值模拟与降水分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本文利用WRF模式对2007年7月8日至12日的东北冷涡过程进行模拟。通过分析天气尺度背景场可知, 在对流层中高层出现干侵入过程, 干空气主要来源于我国内蒙古西部和东北冷涡的西北部, 随着东北冷涡一起呈涡旋状运动, 在对流层中层的干侵入更加明显; 东北冷涡的东部为水汽通量辐合区, 说明此处水汽丰沛, 该处的暖湿空气与干冷空气相汇, 有利于降水的生成。通过分析中尺度对流系统的地面和对流层中下层的风场结构可知, 中尺度对流系统易发生在东北冷涡东南侧和东北侧的气旋性曲率最大处, 此处的对流层低层易形成强辐合区, 而风场的水平辐合运动激发出垂直上升运动, 在对流不稳定区配合着强上升运动, 有利于对流系统发展而产生降水, 因此在低压系统东南侧及东北侧的 “气旋曲度” 区易形成降水。从对流涡度矢量的垂直分量可知, 在东北冷涡中的东南侧和东北侧, 对流涡度矢量的垂直分量对于中尺度系统的发生位置和降水区域有很好的指示作用。 相似文献
8.
利用中尺度数值模式WRF V3.2模拟分析2012年7月21日发生在北京特大暴雨过程的天气形势与中尺度系统特征,并结合干侵入理论分析了暴雨过程中的干冷空气活动及其对暴雨的影响。结果表明,此次暴雨过程发生在高空槽引导冷空气南下与强盛的西南暖湿气流在华北一带剧烈交汇的天气形势下,西太平洋副热带高压阻碍了高空槽东移,使北京地区的降水过程维持较长时间。暴雨过程伴随着明显的中尺度对流复合体MCC活动,MCC的持续活动与降水中心在时空上具有一致性。WRF模式对暴雨过程有较好的模拟能力,降水发生之前的24 h内不断有来自35°N对流层顶附近的高位涡、低湿的干冷空气,沿着倾斜向北向下的路径侵入大气中低层39°N附近的700 h Pa高度。干侵入在降水开始前24 h到降水前10 h强度变化不大,随后略有减弱,在降水开始之后迅速减弱消失。干侵入对暴雨的影响主要通过在降水开始前及降水初期影响北京地区的大气热力与动力环境来完成。干侵入可以增大暴雨落区大气的位势不稳定,为对流发展储备充沛的对流有效位能,为MCC的发生、发展提供有利的环境条件。同时,干侵入增大了大气中低层的气旋性涡度,有利于中低层空气辐合上升运动,是引发北京地区局地的强对流天气,如MCC及其伴随的暴雨过程可能的触发机制。 相似文献
9.
利用NCEP/NCAR1°×1°再分析资料和多种加密观测资料,对2013年7月18～19日和2017年7月19～20日发生在昆明城区局地性大暴雨进行诊断分析。结果表明:这两次昆明局地性强降水过程既有相同点,也有不同点。相同点有,两次过程的主要大尺度影响系统是青藏高压与西太平洋副热带高压之间的辐合区以及低层切变线。来自南海和孟加拉湾洋面的水汽在辐合区交汇,产生强烈的水汽辐合,并在昆明地区附近形成深厚的水汽辐合层,是这两次局地大暴雨天气的主要水汽特征。两高辐合区对暖湿不稳定气流辐合抬升作用,触发昆明地区产生中β尺度对流系统(MβCS)云团,强降水出现在TBB等值线梯度比较大的区域。MβCS云团不断生消,也引发了两次过程中短时强降水的发生。不同点有,2013年过程由于登陆台风影响,使得水汽辐合更持久,加之上升运动也较强,因此过程降水持续时间也较长,达17小时。在强降雨开始前,昆明地区上空存在明显的对流不稳定能量的积聚过程。2017年过程降水对流性更强,最大雨强70mm·h-1以上。 相似文献
10.
为了进一步考察持续性暴雨发生机制,针对2010年7月下旬川、陕、甘地区的一次持续暴雨过程,应用MICAPS资料,FY-2E辐射亮温资料,TRMM卫星降水资料,NCEP每6 h 1°×1°分辨率的分析资料,主要分析了暴雨发生的环流背景,暴雨直接影响系统-高原低涡、热带气旋、中尺度对流系统、冷暖平流等对持续性暴雨的影响。结果表明:(1)本次持续性暴雨过程发生在对流层高层南亚高压由纬向型转为经向型,对流层中层副热带高压东退西进,热带气旋登陆西行,高原低涡东移受阻,中尺度对流系统不断生消的有利条件下。(2)高原低涡与热带气旋相互作用使两者移速减缓,涡区切变流场加强,正涡度平流输送使低涡加强与维持。(3)低涡为暴雨发生提供了有利的抬升条件,使降水期间涡区呈现较强的正涡度和辐合上升运动,降水最大值出现时间对应辐合上升运动最强时,降水过程中对流层中低层为垂直正螺旋度,有利于低涡系统维持和降水持续,垂直正螺旋度大值区及出现时间对强降水发生及落区有一定的指示性。(4)对流层低层暖平流输送使暴雨区能量持续积累,同时也使暴雨区中尺度对流系统生肖不断,降水得以发生和持续。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献