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1.
北黄海海域虾夷扇贝体内脂溶性藻毒素分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
海洋中有毒藻类产生的藻毒素能够经由食物链在滤食性贝类体内累积,危及人类健康。高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术(HPLC-MS/MS)可以对多类脂溶性藻毒素进行同步分析,是贝类中脂溶性藻毒素检测的首选方法。本文应用液-质联用方法,对北黄海虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)中的脂溶性毒素进行了分析。虾夷扇贝样品于2011年采自北黄海海域,并解剖为闭壳肌、外套膜、内脏团和性腺四部分。在虾夷扇贝中共检测到大田软海绵酸(Okadaic acid,OA)、鳍藻毒素-1(Dinophysis toxin 1,DTX1)、扇贝毒素-2(Pectenotoxin 2,PTX2)和虾夷扇贝毒素(Yessotoxin,YTX)四种脂溶性毒素成分。在扇贝各组织中,内脏团毒素含量最高(OA:1.97—2.99μg/kg;DTX1:4.97—77.29μg/kg;PTX2:1.12—50.08μg/kg;YTX:825—6680μg/kg),其次是性腺和外套膜,闭壳肌中毒素含量最低。各组织之间的毒素组成情况没有明显差异,均以YTX含量最高,占脂溶性藻毒素总含量的90%以上。除YTX外,扇贝体内还存在一定量的OA、DTX1和PTX2毒素,虾夷扇贝中检出PTX2在我国系首次报道。北黄海海水样品中存在较高密度的渐尖鳍藻(Dinophysis acuminata)和倒卵形鳍藻(D.fortii),可能是虾夷扇贝体内OA,DTX1和PTX2的潜在来源。为防范虾夷扇贝中藻毒素造成危害,应进一步强化对北黄海海域贝类中藻毒素及海水中有毒藻类的监测。 相似文献
2.
建立了水产品中四环素(Tetracycline)、土霉素(0xytetracycline)、金霉素(chlortetracyline)和强力霉素(Doxycycline)4种四环素类抗生素残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定方法.以MTC缓冲液提取水产品中的四环素类残留物,经HLB固相萃取柱净化,采用LC-MS/MS选择反应监测(SRM)正离子模式测定,可一次对水产品中的四环素、土霉素、金霉素和强力霉素进行定性和定量.4种物质定量下限均可达到2.0μg/kg.适用于水产品中四环素类抗生素多残留的同时确证检测. 相似文献
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使用热处理、震摇、超声波等手段改善水产品中的河鲀毒素提取率,利用多种固相萃取柱纯化提取液,采用高效液相色谱-紫外检测法进行检测,重点对河鲀毒素的提取和固相萃取纯化进行了研究。试验发现,结合振荡和加热双重作用的索氏提取法和超声波加热辅助提取法具有较高的提取能力,其中超声波(35kHz,强度100%,60℃)提取10min即可达到最好效果,耗时短,效率更高;比较SCX、PRS、WCX、C18、SAX 5种固相萃取柱对河鲀毒素的吸附作用,SCX、PRS、WCX柱则能够将河鲀毒素完全保留在其上。样品纯化试验结果显示,C18-WCX小柱的组合纯化样品的效果最好,回收率在75%—82%之间,相对标准偏差小于15%。研究结果对河鲀毒素的提取、纯化和检测工作具有重要的参考意义。 相似文献
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采用电压箝和膜片箝技术,观测河北河鲀毒素对神经和肌肉细胞的电生理效应,并与日本河鲀毒素进行比较.结果表明阻断钠电流的ED50的河北河鲀毒素浓度是3.68 nmol/L,对钠电流阻断的回复率为75%～92%;阻断钠电ED50的日本河鲀毒素浓度是4.1 nmol/L,对钠电流阻断的回复率为70%～80%.河北河鲀毒素比日本河鲀毒素的有效性和可逆性约高10%. 相似文献
6.
液相色谱法测定鱼肌肉中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
孔雀石绿(MG)和结晶紫(GV)曾作为渔药使用,在鱼体内可分别代谢为无色孔雀石绿(LMG)及无色结晶紫(LGV),具有潜在的致癌性,已被许多国家禁用。本文研究了同时检测孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物无色孔雀石绿和无色结晶紫的液相色谱方法,建立了检测前处理方法及色谱条件。经过液液萃取和丙基磺酸阳离子树脂纯化,采用C18分离柱后串联二氧化铅柱氧化衍生的方法,同时检测母体药物及其代谢物,回收率>70%,重复性的相对标准偏差<15%,定量限分别为2μg/kg及1μg/kg。经样品实测,在一份鲈鱼样品中检测到无色孔雀石绿残留97μg/kg。 相似文献
7.
建立了利用高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法测定鳗鱼(Anguilla japonica)中三聚氰胺残留的方法.采用乙腈和三氯乙酸溶液沉淀蛋白,MCX固相萃取柱净化,提取目标分析物,经SCX-C18均匀混合填装的反相色谱柱分离,选择反应监测(SRM)正离子模式测定.三聚氰胺的定量限为20μg/kg,在20～500μg/kg时,峰强度与质量浓度的线性关系良好(r＞0.99).方法的平均回收率为84.82%～91.42%. 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(10)
建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)同步定性定量检测海水中3类12种抗生素的分析方法。通过改变去簇电压和碰撞能量,对HPLC-MS/MS的灵敏度进行优化;通过改变上样流速和洗脱剂种类,对水样的固相萃取方法进行优化。采用乙腈和0.1%甲酸-10 mmol·L~(-1)甲酸铵水溶液体系作为流动相,经过梯度洗脱进行分离,在HPLC-MS/MS多反应监测模式下进行目标抗生素定性定量分析。结果显示,12种抗生素的方法定量限范围为0.24～5.93 ng/L,加标回收率为62.8%～106.6%。采用该方法对莱州湾海域21个海水样品进行检测,除四环素、强力霉素和金霉素外,其余9种抗生素均有不同程度的检出。结果表明,本方法灵敏度高,可用于海水中多种抗生素的同步分析。 相似文献
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采用液相色谱-四极杆/线性离子阱复合质谱,建立了双壳贝类中13种麻痹性贝类毒素的定性确证和定量分析方法。样品经乙酸水溶液提取,石墨化碳黑固相萃取净化,亲水性液相色谱柱(hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography,HILIC)分离;质谱采集使用独有的多反应监测-信息依赖性采集-增强子离子扫描模式。13种目标物线性范围相关系数不低于0.99,检出限为62.0μg STX eq/kg,其中石房蛤毒素(Saxitoxin,STX)、新石房蛤毒素(Neosaxitoxin,NEO)、脱氨甲酰基石房蛤毒素(Decarbamoylsaxitoxin,dc STX)、脱氨甲酰基新石房蛤毒素(Decarbaoylneosaxitoxin,dc NEO)以及N-磺酰氨甲酰基类毒素5(Gonyautoxin-5,GTX5)为10.0μg/kg,膝沟藻毒素12(Gonyautxins-1-2,GTX12)为12.0μg/kg,膝沟藻毒素34(Gonyautxins-3-4,GTX34)、N-磺酰氨甲酰基类毒素2(N-Sulfocarbamoylgonyautoxin-2,C2)和脱氨甲酰基膝沟藻毒素3(Decarbamoylgonyautoxins-3,dc GTX3)为4μg/kg,N-磺酰氨甲酰基类毒素1(N-Sulfocarbamoylgonyautoxin~(-1),C1)和脱氨甲酰基膝沟藻毒2(Decarbamoylgonyautoxins-2,dc GTX2)为13μg/kg。基质加标平均回收率为(79.6±10.4)%—(98.8±6.54)%。该方法能够有效降低贝类基质抑制效应,简化前处理过程并通过减少样品稀释倍数来显著提高方法灵敏度,使同分异构体达到基线分离,适用于双壳贝类中麻痹性贝类毒素的监控分析。 相似文献
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采用反相高效液相色谱-紫外检测法测定了黄颡鱼血浆、肝脏中儿茶素EGCG含量,并研究了不同水温(10℃和20℃)下EGCG在黄颡鱼体内代谢动力学和肝组织消除特征。结果表明,高温下黄颡鱼腹腔注射EGCG后体内吸收较快,T1/2ka为0.21h,T1/2α为2.07h,T1/2β为22.89h,AUC为5195.41μg·h/ml,Tp为0.95h,Cmax为257.75μg/ml;低温下分别为5.67h、9.53h、207.49h、17283.03μg·h/ml、12.56h和117.16μg/ml。同时在0.5、1、2、4、8、12、24、48、96h各时间点检测了肝脏组织中EGCG浓度,并计算得出高温下EGCG在肝组织中的T1/2β为24.15h,低温下肝组织中T1/2β为64.17h。对不同水温下代谢动力学和肝组织消除规律的研究表明,EGCG在黄颡鱼体内吸收、分布和消除速度与水温关系密切,高温下均较低温下迅速。 相似文献
11.
四种重金属对刺参幼参的急性致毒效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用静水试验法,在水温18.5℃~20℃的条件下,用Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 和Cr6 四种重金属对刺参幼参进行了单一急性毒性试验。结果表明:Cu2 对刺参幼参的24h,48h,72h和96hLC50分别为0.299,0.176,0.133和0.120mg/L;Zn2 的24h,48h,72h和96hLC50分别为6.700,3.624,2.577和1.951mg/L;Cd2 的24h,48h和72hLC50分别为4.246,2.588和2.137mg/L;Cr6 的24h,48h和72hLC50分别为31.974,7.499和3.808mg/L;Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 和Cr6 对刺参幼参的安全浓度分别为0.018,0.362,0.259和0.750mg/L。四种重金属对刺参幼参的毒性大小依次为Cu2 >Cd2 >Zn2 >Cr6 。 相似文献
12.
Apparent oxygen utilization (AOU), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption spectra, and CDOM fluorescence characteristic of aromatic amino acids (excitation/emission 280 nm/320 nm; F(280/320)) and marine-humic like substances (320 nm/410 nm; F(320/410)) were measured in full depth during a cruise in the temperate Eastern North Atlantic (ENA). An optimum multi-parameter (OMP) inverse method was run to calculate water mass proportion-weighted average (archetypal) concentrations of these chemical parameters for all water masses and samples. Archetypal concentrations retain the variability due to water mass mixing and basin scale mineralization from the water mass formation sites to the study area. Conversely, the difference between measured and archetypal concentrations, retain the variability due to dissimilarities in mineralization processes within the study area. Our analysis indicates that DOC supported 26±3% of the AOU in the dark temperate ENA and that basin scale processes occurring at and from the formation area of the water masses explained 63% of the total DOC variability. Our data also suggests that DOC remineralized at the basin scale was of lower molecular weight, and with a lower proportion of fluorescent aromatic amino acids than found within the study area. The relationship between the absorption coefficient at 254 nm (aCDOM(254)) and AOU indicates that aCDOM(254) was consumed during organic matter remineralization in the dark ocean, with 55% of the variability being explained by basin scale processes. The relationships of F(320/410) with AOU and DOC confirmed that marine humic-like substances are produced by microbial degradation processes, at a rate of 6.1±0.9×10−3 mg equivalents of QS mol AOU−1. Our results also indicate that basin-scale remineralization processes account for 85% of the total variability of F(320/410), emphasizing that large scale processes control the formation of humic-like substance in the dark ENA. 相似文献
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二甲基硫(DMS)是海水中一种最重要的、含量最丰富的还原态挥发性生源有机硫化物,前体β-二甲基巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)的降解过程受各种因素影响。其中主要包括温度、DMSP的浓度、氧气、盐度、酸度、颗粒粒度、藻类生长期、季节变化、氧化压力、抑制剂等。它们均与DMSP降解速率呈一定的函数关系,并对DMSP的降解产物产生影响。藻类是DMSP的主要来源,因此着重讨论了温度、盐度、酸度等对不同浮游植物细胞内DMSP与DMS生物生产和转化过程的影响。结合海洋硫循环的研究现状和海洋化学发展的趋势,探究了用颗粒态DMSP与Chla的比率来量化碳和硫通量的方法及DMSP裂解酶活性的检验技术。大气中CO2压力持续增加导致的海洋酸化对藻类中DMSP降解过程的影响也是进一步研究的重点。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2015
Non-indigenous species (NIS) can create significant risks when introduced to foreign ecosystems. One of the many vectors facilitating the global transport of NIS is ballast water, and as commercial shipping increases so does the threat of ballast water-mediated introductions. Despite Canadian regulations, consistent with international guidelines put forth by the International Maritime Organization in the early 1990s, ballast water remains a potential vector for the introduction of many NIS to Canadian marine ecosystems: there have been no new introductions in the Laurentian Great Lakes Region since 2006, yet marine ecosystems continue to see the introduction and establishment of NIS. This paper details and analyzes the development of Canadian ballast water management (BWM), in the context of marine ecosystems, and identifies issues therein. BWM in Canada has a number of management gaps that have persisted since large-scale BWM began in the late 1980s. These include BWM exemptions for vessels not exiting the North American continental shelf, and limitations of effectiveness of mid-ocean exchange as the predominant management method in marine ecosystems. In addition, ballast water regulations for the Canadian Arctic may require additional consideration as the Arctic will likely continue to see an increase in both warming and commercial shipping in the future, thereby increasing the potential risk of NIS. In order to adequately protect all Canadian marine ecosystems, it is recommended that the current BWM regime: fill gaps in management to help prevent further introduction and spread of NIS; focus equally on both marine and freshwater regions, and; look to other aggressive BWM strategies such as those being developed by the state of California. 相似文献
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Fernandes Dearlyn Wu Ying Shirodkar Prabhaker Vasant Pradhan Umesh Kumar Zhang Jing 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(4):18-32
Transitional ecosystems,estuaries and the coastal seas,are distinctively affected by natural and anthropogenic factors.Organic matter(OM)originating from terrestrial sources is exported by rivers and forms a key component of the global biogeochemical cycles.Most previous studies focused on the bulk biochemical and anthropogenic aspects affecting these ecosystems.In the present study,we examined the sources and fate of OM entrained within suspended particulate matter(SPM)of the Zuari River and its estuary,west coast of India.Besides using amino acid(AA)enantiomers(L-and D-forms)as biomarkers,other bulk biochemical parameters viz.particulate organic carbon(POC),δ13C,particulate nitrogen(PN),δ15N and chlorophyll a were analyzed.Surprisingly no significant temporal variations were observed in the parameters analyzed;nonetheless,salinity,POC,δ13C,PN,δ15N,glutamic acid,serine,alanine,tyrosine,leucine and D-aspartic acid exhibited significant spatial variability suggesting source differentiation.The POC content displayed weak temporal variability with low values observed during the post-monsoon season attributed to inputs from mixed sources.Estuarine samples were less depleted than the riverine samples suggesting contributions from marine plankton in addition to contributions from river plankton and terrestrial C3 plants detritus.Labile OM was observed during the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons in the estuarine region.More degraded OM was noticed during the pre-monsoon season.Principal component analysis was used to ascertain the sources and factors influencing OM.Principally five factors were extracted explaining 84.52%of the total variance.The first component accounted for 27.10%of the variance suggesting the dominance of tidal influence whereas,the second component accounted for heterotrophic bacteria and their remnants associated with the particulate matter,contributing primarily to the AA pool.Based on this study we ascertained the role of the estuarine turbidity maximum(ETM)controlling the sources of POM and its implications to small tropical rivers.Thus,changes in temporal and regional settings are more likely to affect the natural biogeochemical cycles of small tropical rivers. 相似文献
16.
Considering the characteristics of seabed ground in coastal reclamation area, ultra soft clay improvement method by heavy tamping after rockfilling displacement was proposed combined with a case study. The improvement mechanisms of the method can primarily be attributed to rockfilling displacement (RD), dynamic compaction (DC), dynamic replacement (DR) and dynamic replacement and mixing (DRM). For the case study given in this article, heavy tamping construction program was proposed based on field pilot tests. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed ground improvement method was verified through in situ plate load test, sand fill test and the analyses of observed settlement data. Thus, the method of heavy tamping after rockfilling displacement is applicable for the improvement of seabed ground in coastal reclamation area. It is proposed for similar projects that heavy tamping of fills may be performed by layers and correspondingly tamping energy increased to further enhance the improvement effect of DC, DR and DRM. In addition, delayed improvement effect or time effect of soil mass after heavy tamping is still an issue to be further studied. 相似文献
17.
莱州湾海域水体中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的浓度水平和分布特征 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
以固相萃取/气相色谱法测定了莱州湾海域水体中22种有机氯农药和多氯联苯类化合物的浓度水平和分布特征。结果表明,莱州湾海域表层水体中有机氯农药浓度范围为N.D.~32.7ng/L,底层水中的浓度范围为N.D.~11.7ng/L。在该海域水体中共检出有机氯农药3种,β-666是水体中主要的有机氯农药污染物。多氯联苯类在底层水样中检出2种,总浓度范围在4.5~27.7ng/L之间。该海域有机氯农药和多氯联苯的分布特征是近岸高,离岸低,由近岸向湾外延伸方向依次递减。并对莱州湾表层水中总有机氯农药与海水盐度、氯度、溶解氧和pH间的关系作了初步探讨,得出总有机氯农药与盐度、氯度间有一定的相关关系,相关系数均为0.59。方法测定5种有机氯农药化合物的空白加标回收率为97.3%~126.0%,相对标准偏差为2.8%~8.6%;测定5种多氯联苯类化合物的空白加标回收率为88.6%~151.8%,相对标准偏差为6.7%~10.4%。 相似文献
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In this work, the possible exploitation of fiber-reinforced composites in the context of maritime transportation of compressed natural gas (CNG) is investigated. In addition to a more conventional steel configuration, two different fiber materials, carbon and glass, are considered as construction materials for pressure vessels (PVs) to be stored on board ships, with thickness optimized by FEM analysis.The considered scenario is represented by the transportation of CNG from an offshore well to a terminal on shore. Fleets of ships carrying CNG in pressure vessels manufactured with the investigated materials are generated by means of a ship synthesis model (SSM) software and compared on the basis of technical and economical indicators.The choice of the construction material influences considerably the weight of the PVs, which represent a major item of total ship weight and reflects directly on the general transport performances in terms of resistance, seakeeping and reliability in the service. On the other hand, capital as well as operating expenditures are considerably affected by the choice. When exploring the design space, the ship synthesis model is able, at a preliminary stage of the design, to account for the various technical and economical aspects, their implications and relationships. Results are presented of computations carried out in a specific case, identified by the annual gas production and other characteristics of the well terminal and a cruising route for the ships. The comparison is carried out on the basis of the cost per transported unit of gas and of the percentage of success in the transportation process. The computations show that the choice of the PV material has a key influence on the results in terms of optimal number, dimensions and speed of the ships. 相似文献
20.
基于EMD与神经网络的机械故障诊断技术 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
经验模式分解 (EMD)是分析非线性、非平稳信号的有力工具 ,它将信号分解为突出了原信号的不同时间尺度的局部特征信息的内在模函数 (IMF)分量。本文通过将各 IMF分量输入到 BP网络中进行训练学习和故障诊断 ,比直接输入原信号可以提高 BP网络对故障诊断的准确率 ,而且减少了训练时间。 相似文献