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1.
张大力 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1983,(1)
原生质体是研究植物遗传工程的好材料。自从Cocking(1960)首次用酶解法从蕃茄根尖分离出大量原生质体以来,高等植物原生质体的研究已经开展得比较广泛,但由于技术上的原因,目前从原生质体诱导出完整植株的还只限于烟草、矮牵牛、石刁柏、油菜和马铃薯等十余种。而藻类方面的工作则报道甚少。Miroslav(1970)用蜗牛消化腺提取液处理尾丝藻(Uronema gigas)得到了原生质体。用含有葡萄糖和果胶的培养基培养,观察到了细胞壁的再生和细胞分裂。Rietema(1973)由枝丝藻(Derbesia tenuissima)挤压出原生质体,并得到了再生植株。 近年来,植物原生质体已被广泛地用来研究体细胞融合。Callson(1972)首次 相似文献
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张全启 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1991,(1)
从角叉菜(Chondrus ocellatus Holm)的孢子体和雌配子体中,分离了大量的成活原生质体。分离的最适条件为:纤维素酶3％,粉红鲍鱼酶8％,山梨醇1.2mol/dm~3,pH6.0,温度为15℃。细胞壁的完全解离,已用荧光增白剂的染色不着色和原生质体在低渗溶液中的易碎性证实。培养后再生的细胞,经均等分裂,随后发育成实心球状体;或出芽后不等分裂,发育成丝状体和愈伤组织状细胞团。在PES培养基中,经30～40d培养,部分球状体和愈伤组织状细胞团分化出完整植株,但丝状体未能分化。低浓度的IAA、6—FA和C—751对球状体和愈伤组织状细胞团的生长和分化都有促进作用。由原生质体培养获得完整的再生植株,这在真红藻纲(Florideophyceae)中为首例报道。 相似文献
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钝顶螺旋藻部分原生质体及单细胞的制备与培养 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
于1992年1月-1994年4月，进行超声波处理方法制备钝顶螺旋藻部分原生质体以作为基因工程受体，以及制备单细胞用于固体平板克隆化培养的研究。研究结果表明：超声波以20kHz频率、15W功率作用30s，可使藻丝体断裂成15．0±1．6个细胞长度；延长作用时间，至2－6个细胞长度时，细胞壁结构遭到破坏，形成部分原生质体；继续作用，可形成少量原生质体和大量单细胞。断裂藻丝体、部分原生质体、单细胞以及原生质体均可涂布于固体培养基上再生或生长。以一定密度涂布单细胞与原生质体，能够形成彼此分开的单个克隆，可用于筛选及遗传分析。本文提供了一种节省溶菌酶的制备螺旋藻透性体的方法，超声波作用利于外源基因的导入，而涂布培养利于进一步的筛选和形成克隆。 相似文献
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在青岛近海潮间带,有三种常见的海螺(朝鲜花冠小月螺、单齿螺和疣荔枝螺).从这三种海螺的消化道和内脏中,提得粗酶液,对三种海藻1)(袋礁膜、条斑紫菜和裙带菜,分属于绿、红和褐藻)都有明显的分解胞壁作用[1],故称解壁酶.其中朝鲜花冠小月螺酶的解壁效果最好,疣荔枝螺酶最差,解壁酶的发现,为海藻细胞生物学研究、单细胞或原生质体育苗、通过细胞融合培养新的杂交藻种、研究和提取亚细胞成分等提供了一种有用的工具. 相似文献
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综合考虑酶混合液处理时间和初始细胞密度两个因素,选取终浓度为4%半纤维素酶和2%崩溃酶的酶混合液对一株海洋经济微藻——微拟球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)进行原生质体的制备与再生,Calcofluor White染料染色可在荧光显微镜下观察到完整的原生质体细胞。实验结果表明:同一初始密度藻细胞酶处理1～3 h制备率较高;酶处理相同时间较高初始密度(2×107～3×107cells/mL)的藻细胞制备率较高,并且原生质体在再生培养基上可再生,生长趋势与野生型细胞一致。考虑到酶处理时间过长或者密度过大会对原生质体的再生产生影响,本实验选择最适酶处理时间为1h,初始细胞密度为2×107cells/mL。 相似文献
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利用琼胶作为唯一的碳源从青岛太平角海域的海水和红藻样品中筛选分离得到一株高产琼胶酶的海洋菌F-6,对其最适的产酶条件,利用琼胶酶分离条斑紫菜的原生质体和原生质体的培养进行研究。结果表明,通过单次单因子和正交实验确定琼胶降解菌株F-6最适产酶培养基配方为(W/V):琼胶0.7%;酵母粉0.3%;蛋白胨0.5%;NaCl2.0%;K2HPO40.1%;CaCl20.02%;MgSO4·7H2O0.05%;FeSO4·7H2O0.002%;起始pH=7.5,最适的发酵产酶条件为:26℃培养36h。经条件优化后,粗酶液的酶活高达631.6U/ml。发酵液经过6000g离心30min得到粗酶液,粗酶液经过8k分离膜超滤,加入1mol/L渗透剂,0.22μm滤膜过滤除菌后降解条斑紫菜组织块,成功地分离得到大量的紫菜原生质体,其产率为3×106个原生质体/g新鲜紫菜组织。原生质体经初步培养发育成愈伤组织,其成活率为60%。 相似文献
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唐延林 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1982,(4)
前言 六十年代初,Cocking(1960)采用酶法大量分离植物原生质体获得成功。二十多年来,植物单细胞和原生质体的分离、培养的研究,得到了广泛的开展,并取得很大成就。这些成就的取得,为植物遗传育种和遗传学理论的研究开辟了广阔前景。 但是,大型藻类的单细胞和原生质体的分离和培养工作开展的比较少。关于单细胞的分离工作,仅见到几例,主要用机械的方法分离单细胞并进行培养。用酶 相似文献
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海藻解壁酶研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海藻生物技术始于50年代初期,其发展较陆生高等植物要缓慢得多。在海藻中缺乏特殊的海藻解壁酶是制约海藻生物技术发展的重要因素,因此在今后的研究中,迫切需要解决海藻解壁酶问题[14]。海藻解壁酶的种类很多,但主要有两个类源[1,2,10,12,14,18,21,22,27～30]。1 动物源的海藻解壁酶研究1980～1984年刘万顺等[23]从海螺消化系统中制备了海螺酶,并用于紫菜、海带、裙带菜和江蓠的单细胞和原生质体分离,为开辟海洋动物源的海藻解壁酶奠定了基础,同时也是酶法制备红藻和褐藻原生质体的首次成功。1982年,唐延林[7]用海螺酶制备紫菜原生质体并再… 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献