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1.
甜水海地块寒武纪安山岩的地球化学和年代学研究:对西昆仑-喀喇昆仑造山带原特提斯洋演化的启示 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
甜水海地块作为西昆仑-喀喇昆仑造山带重要的组成部分,夹持于麻扎-康西瓦板块缝合带和洪山湖-乔尔天山板块缝合带之间,其构造属性的探讨对认知西昆仑地区早古生代地质演化具有重要的科学意义。笔者在甜水海地块中部麻扎地区通过野外填图新发现并厘定出一套火山岩-沉积岩组合,主要由安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩及其火山碎屑岩和少量沉积岩组成;与安山岩互层产出的英安岩和流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄为519~513Ma,表明这套火山-沉积地层形成于中寒武世。该火山岩套的地球化学特征为：安山岩SiO2含量为57.0%~67.2%,具有高MgO（1.91%~7.17%）含量和Mg#值（39.1~65.3,平均值为55.0）,较高Cr（31.0×10-6~190×10-6）和Ni（12.2×10-6~121×10-6）含量,低FeOT/MgO比值（1.12~3.26）,低Al2O3（13.7%~17.3%）和K2O（1.12%~5.52%）含量的特征,属于低铁钙碱系列高镁安山岩-镁安山岩;英安岩较安山岩SiO2含量高（63.8%~71.8%）,具有相似的Al2O3（13.4%~15.4%）含量,低MgO（0.28%~1.19%）含量和Mg#值（9.98~36.5,平均值为25.3）,低Cr（11.5×10-6~25.2×10-6）和Ni（4.33×10-6~11.8×10-6）含量,高FeOT/MgO比值（3.64~18.9）和K2O（4.84%~9.27%）含量的特征,属于高钾钙碱性系列。安山岩和英安岩总体表现出右倾轻稀土富集分配模式,富集Rb、Ba、K、Th等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti高场强元素,具有典型的岛弧岩浆岩特征。野外调查表明,安山岩与英安岩在空间上相邻,呈互层产出,且它们都出露于中寒武系地层中,暗示了二者在成因上紧密相联。岩石地球化学特征指示了安山岩和英安岩可能源于富集地幔楔不同比例的部分熔融作用,所产生的岩浆在上升过程中又遭受了不同比例的地壳混染。推测麻扎地区寒武纪火山岩形成于原特提斯洋向南俯冲消减机制下的岛弧构造环境,同时结合区域资料,认为在寒武纪甜水海地块存在两期岩浆作用,在早寒武系末期（~520Ma）原特提斯洋发生双向俯冲,甜水海地块北缘转化为活动大陆边缘。 相似文献
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在柴北缘东段识别出早古生代埃达克岩-富Nb玄武岩的火山岩组合。埃达克岩富Na2O、贫K2O,K2O/Na2O比值介于0.14~0.43之间;高Sr（614×10-6~1043×10-6）,但亏损Y（3.26×10-6~14.1×10-6）和Yb（0.33×10-6~1.46×10-6）,具有高的Sr/Y比值（44~282）;富集Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素及Cr、Ni、Co、V等相容元素。富Nb玄武岩富Na2O、贫K2O、高TiO2,其Nb含量较高,介于16.9×10-6~17.9×10-6之间,具有高的Nb/Ta、Nb/U、（Nb/La）N比值,同时富集高场强元素。埃达克岩锆石U-Pb定年得到453±4Ma和457±4Ma的结晶年龄。锆石εHf（t）范围较大,介于3.40~13.23之间,对应的二阶段模式年龄tDM2介于1059~566Ma之间,显示以新生物质为主的特征。综合研究表明柴北缘东段埃达克岩可能为岛弧环境下俯冲的南祁连大洋板片部分熔融的产物。板片来源的埃达克质熔体交代或与上覆地幔楔橄榄岩反应,导致被交代的地幔橄榄岩部分熔融而形成富Nb玄武质岩浆。柴北缘东段埃达克岩-富Nb玄武岩火山岩组合的厘定表明南祁连洋可能直到~455Ma之前并未完全闭合,同时表明俯冲大洋板片的部分熔融可能是柴北缘早古生代地壳增生的一种重要方式。 相似文献
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对班戈县北部马前乡地区的早白垩世安山岩和英安岩进行了详细的地质填图及岩石学、年代学、地球化学和Hf同位素研究。锆石U-Pb定年获得安山岩年龄分别为（108.0±1.5）Ma和（113.6±0.9）Ma;英安岩年龄为（106.7±1.9）Ma和（113.6±0.8）Ma。安山岩富集Th和U,亏损Nb、Ta和Ti,具有变化范围较大的Mg#值（25~63）,锆石εHf（t）值（-8.6~+1.5）以负值为主,应当为幔源镁铁质熔体与壳源熔体的混合产物。英安岩具有与安山岩类似的微量元素成分特征及负的锆石εHf（t）值（-12.3~-8.1）,应当是地壳部分熔融的产物。结合前人研究成果认为,这些早白垩世岩浆岩是约110 Ma沿班公湖-怒江缝合带岩浆大爆发的产物,可能与班公湖-怒江洋闭合之后的拉萨与羌塘地块陆-陆碰撞有关。 相似文献
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西准噶尔巴音达拉地区发育一套酸性火山岩,被称为卡拉岗组,岩石组合以流纹岩、英安岩、流纹质熔结凝灰岩等酸性火山岩为主。本文对卡拉岗组火山岩进行高精度锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,获得英安岩和流纹岩的加权平均206Pb/238U年龄分别为（294.4±1.3）Ma（n=9,MSWD=0.8）和（298.4±2.5）Ma（n=9,MSWD=3.4）,其形成于早二叠世。岩石地球化学特征表明,卡拉岗组火山岩岩具有高硅（66.69%~75.21%）,富碱（Na2O+K2O：6.98%~8.35%）,低MgO（0.18%~1.32%）,贫钙（0.24%~2.49%）的特征,均属过铝质（A/CNK：1.14~1.33）及高钾钙碱性系列。微量元素数据显示,稀土总量为∑REE为83.82×10-6~197.61×10-6,（La/Yb）N=3.15~12.50,轻、重稀土元素分馏比较明显,轻稀土元素（LREE）较为富集,重稀土元素分布相对平坦,球粒陨石标准化配分模式为右倾型。微量元素富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）Rb、Th、U、K,并亏损高场强元素（HFSE）Nb、Ta、P、Ti。综合最新区域资料及本文研究成果,文章认为研究区早二叠世卡拉岗组火山岩岩浆来源于壳源物质不同程度的部分熔融,残留相中有少量斜长石和角闪石,为后碰撞伸展阶段的产物。 相似文献
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沂沭断裂带内发育了大量的中生代火山岩,其成因研究对剖析断裂带活动规律具有重要意义。本文对断裂带北段潍坊、安丘、鄌郚地区中生代火山岩进行了详细的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和主量元素、微量元素、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素分析。探讨了沂沭断裂带中生代火山岩成因及其形成的地球动力学过程。断裂带北段火山岩年龄集中在131~124Ma之间,喷发于早白垩世。岩石为一套高钾钙碱性火山岩,包括玄武安山岩、粗安岩、粗面岩、英安岩。火山岩富集Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。稀土元素含量高（∑REE=140.5×10-6~433.1×10-6）,富集轻稀土、亏损重稀土（∑LREE/∑HREE=9.8~31.0）,无明显的Eu负异常。火山岩具有富集且变化范围较大的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成,（87Sr/86Sr）i=0.708054~0.711692,εNd（t）值为-15.3~-7.4,（206Pb/204Pb）i=17.213~17.962,（207Pb/204Pb）i=15.425~15.590,（208Pb/204Pb）i=37.597~38.365。研究表明,高钾钙碱性火山岩的源区与区域基性岩源区一致,均为富集岩石圈地幔。玄武安山岩、粗安岩、粗面岩经基性岩浆分离结晶作用形成,英安岩则遭受了华北下地壳强烈混染。三叠纪末期,由于扬子板块向华北克拉通俯冲,扬子地壳析出的流体/熔体交代了华北古老岩石圈地幔,形成富集岩石圈地幔。早白垩世,受古太平洋板块俯冲和后撤作用,富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成基性岩浆,岩浆在上升过程中发生分离结晶作用,受沂沭断裂深切作用影响,部分地区遭受华北下地壳混染,最终形成区内各类高钾钙碱性火山岩。 相似文献
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本文以华北陆块东部早白垩世滁州闪长玢岩和管店石英闪长岩为研究对象,报道了新的全岩地球化学（主量元素、微量元素以及Sr-Nd同位素）以及锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素的综合研究结果,进而约束其岩石成因和构造意义。滁州闪长玢岩中锆石发育振荡环带,管店石英闪长岩中锆石具条痕状吸收的特点,它们均为岩浆成因。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示,滁州和管店闪长质锆石年龄分别为128±1Ma和130±2Ma,表明二者均形成于早白垩世。地球化学特征显示,滁州和管店闪长质岩石具有类似的主量元素和微量元素组成,整体具中等的SiO2含量（58.55%~60.12%）和富MgO（4.43%~5.10%,Mg#=57~61）的特征,Na2O/K2O比值为1.20~1.47,属于高钾钙碱性系列岩石;富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素（如Rb、Ba）,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素（如Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf）,并具不同程度的Eu负异常（δEu=0.85~0.93）。它们具高的Sr（575×10-6~1035×10-6）和低的Y含量（10.2×10-6~15.3×10-6）以及高的Sr/Y比值（57~69）,属于埃达克质岩石。此外,滁州和管店闪长质岩石具有类似的Sr-Nd以及锆石Hf同位素的特征,滁州闪长玢岩的87Sr/86Sr初始比值介于0.7061~0.7066之间,εNd（t）值为-17.7~-16.9,锆石εHf（t）值变化于-23.1~-19.1之间,而管店石英闪长岩的87Sr/86Sr初始比值为0.7046~0.7059,εNd（t）值为-18.7~-15.8,锆石εHf（t）值为-25.6~-20.0。综合上述,滁州和管店闪长质岩石均属于高镁埃达克质岩石,起源于拆沉的加厚下地壳部分熔融的熔体与地幔橄榄岩反应的产物,形成于早白垩世华北东部陆块拆沉作用下的伸展背景。 相似文献
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辽西义县盆地早白垩世义县组陆相湖盆沉积中常发育多个薄层碳酸盐岩沉积层,碳酸盐岩地球化学的研究对揭示湖盆沉积古环境具有重要理论意义。义县组砖城子层英窝山剖面湖相碳酸盐岩分析结果显示,岩石δ13C值为-3.44×10-3~0.27×10-3,均值为-1.21×10-3;δ18O值为-15.73×10-3~-9.93×10-3,均值为-10.88×10-3。盐度Z值变化范围114.78~122.39。碳酸盐岩主量元素分析表明,w（CaO+MgO+LOI）=53.38%~97.04%,均值71.15%;陆源组分w（Al2O3+SiO2+Fe2O3）=2.19%~44.87%,均值为27.77%;x（Mg）/x（Ca）摩尔比介于0.92~1.01。碳酸盐岩微量元素地球化学提供了古湖泊学的古盐度、氧化还原和古气候证据。w（Sr）=110.4×10-6~1360.2×10-6,w（Ga）=0.152×10-6~14.13×10-6,w（Sr）/w（Ba）=0.34~131.49（多数>1）,指示沉积湖泊水体为咸水环境;氧化-还原指标w（V）/w（V+Ni）＝0.51~0.83,w（V）/w（Cr）＝1.59~8.28（多数>2.0）,w（U）/w（Th）=0.39~10.24,且变化范围较大,指示为半封闭—封闭的缺氧还原强分层水体沉积环境;w（Sr）/w（Cu）=54.94~1260.71,均值为213.79,反映炎热干旱气候类型。义县组砖城子层沉积期湖泊为干旱古气候背景下的半咸水—咸水、缺氧还原强分层的半封闭—封闭型。 相似文献
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【研究目的】查明松潘—甘孜地块东南部花岗岩地球化学及构造演化特征,对在该区寻找稀有金属矿产具有重要意义。【研究方法】在野外地质调查基础上,采集了地块东南部前人研究未涉及的苏地岩体二长花岗岩样品开展了镜下鉴定、岩石地球化学及锆石LA-(MC)-ICP-MS U-Pb和Lu-Hf同位素测试工作。【研究结果】结果表明,苏地岩体二长花岗岩SiO2含量为63.72%~66.48%,中—高钾、富钠、贫钙,AR值为1.44~1.83,A/CNK值为0.98~1.16,为中—高钾钙碱性系列;岩石相对富集K、Rb、Cs等大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素（HFSE）;岩石稀土总量为157.16×10-6~187.88×10-6,LREE/HREE为6.26~9.46,δEu为0.62~0.74,具有弱—中等的负铕异常;锆石U-Pb定年结果为（221.1±1.5）Ma（MSWD=0.30,n=22）和（214.5±1.5）Ma（MSWD=0.22,n=22）,表明苏地岩体原始岩浆初始结晶时代为晚三叠世中期;锆石Lu-Hf同位素εHf(t)和TDM2分别为-6.56~-4.12和1.67~1.51 Ga。【结论】综合分析认为苏地二长花岗岩为较为典型的I型花岗岩,其可能为源于下地壳的初始岩浆于晚三叠世中期在造山碰撞闭合转入伸展体制下上升侵位过程中形成。松潘—甘孜地块东南部在晚三叠世中期处于后碰撞造山环境。 相似文献
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曲林岩体位于冈底斯带中段的南缘,为渐新世-中新世复合岩体,主体为粗粒花岗斑岩,被后期煌斑质、花岗闪长质和花岗质岩脉切割,是多期岩浆作用的产物,出露面积约8km2。花岗斑岩两组样品（T0849-PG和T0849-G）的锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为29.7±0.1Ma和30.0±0.2Ma。花岗斑岩为高钾,准铝质,低MgO,高度富集轻稀土元素（LREE）和大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损重稀土元素（HREE）和高场强元素（HFSE）。此外具有高Sr、Sr/Y、（La/Yb）N;低Y和Yb,弱Eu负异常等特征。岩体内发育一系列近南北向展布的花岗闪长玢岩脉,其中两组样品的锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为15.5±0.1Ma（T0848-PY）和14.4±0.1Ma（T0850）。两条花岗闪长玢岩脉具有与岩体主体相似的稀土和微量元素分布模式,同样富集轻稀土及大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土及高场强元素。花岗斑岩的87Sr/86Sr（i）=0.706102~0.706202,εNd（t）=-0.6~+0.6,锆石εHf（t）=+4.9~+7.9;花岗闪长玢岩脉的87Sr/86Sr（i）=0.705429~0.705474,εNd（t）=-1.4~-0.2,锆石εHf（t）=+2.6~+7.6。本文数据和文献数据结果表明：曲林花岗斑岩与花岗闪长玢岩脉均来源于加厚南拉萨下地壳的部分熔融,很可能与增厚的深部岩石圈的拆沉或俯冲印度岩石圈的撕裂诱发软流圈上涌有关。 相似文献
10.
塔里木克拉通前寒武纪构造演化,特别是早前寒武纪构造演化一直是地质学家讨论的焦点。本文通过对阿尔金北缘新太古代TTG片麻岩进行详细的野外调查、岩相学观察、地球化学分析以及锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年来揭示该岩石的成因以及探讨塔里木克拉通早前寒武纪构造演化。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果显示阿尔金北缘TTG片麻岩的形成年龄为2740±19Ma,而后经历了新太古代（2494±53Ma）混合岩化作用和古元古代（1962±78Ma）麻粒岩相变质作用。阿尔金北缘英云闪长质片麻岩显示低的MgO含量（1.33%~3.08%）和Mg#（37~52）,具有高Sr（469×10-6~764×10-6）含量、低Y（4.72×10-6~13.5×10-6）和Yb（0.37×10-6~0.99×10-6）含量的特点,它们的Sr/Y比值可达到41~99。岩石的这些特征与基性下地壳部分熔融形成的TTG相同。并且,该新太古代TTG片麻岩还具有正的εNd（t）值（0.2~3.6）、高的Nd同位素初始值（0.509088~0.509260）和古太古代两阶段模式年龄（3.62~3.70Ga）。因此,阿尔金北缘新太古代TTG片麻岩可能来源于基性下地壳部分熔融,并且岩浆源区有石榴石、角闪石和金红石的残留。综合前人的研究成果,对比相邻区域TTG的形成时代,变质事件的记录以及太古宙地壳增生差异都指示阿尔金北缘和敦煌-库鲁塔格地区可能来源于不同的大陆块体。 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
14.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
15.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
18.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
20.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献