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应用滑动平均（5 d、7 d）、类卡尔曼滤波递减平均两种订正方法对哈尔滨地区国家级指导预报最高（最低）气温产品进行预报能力初步检验及偏差订正。结果表明：两种订正方法对最高气温与最低气温预报产品24-240 h预报时效大部分时段均有正的订正效果,最高（最低）气温预报准确率提高1-2%,平均绝对误差0.1-0.2℃,其中24-96 h预报时效预报能力稍好,120 h之后预报能力较差,订正后预报准确率也不足60%。气温预报偏差还表现为明显的季节变化特征,7-9月最高气温的预报效果优于冬春季,冬半年的订正幅度较夏季稍大。另外,不同天气状况下降水天气对气温预报有一定的影响,如果能进一步改进模式预报中降水带来的偏差,将进一步提高模式订正效果。 相似文献
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李珊珊张华龙陈玉梅黄晓莹 《广东气象》2021,43(4):37-39
对2020年广东省中期时效的主客观降水和气温预报进行检验,结果表明:省级网格和融合法MIX的降水预报评分总体上优于客观模式ECMWF和NCEP;总体上省级网格的降水预报偏差较客观产品更趋近1,即空漏报相对持平;省级网格对大雨和暴雨以上量级降水的192 h预报从提高预报稳定性的角度出发,预报趋于保守,漏报明显多于空报。气温预报方面,省级网格对模式订正有正技巧,最高气温的订正能力强于最低气温,其中盛夏季节(6—9月)对模式最高气温的订正效果最好。 相似文献
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基于TIGGE中欧洲中期天气预报中心和美国国家环境预报中心全球集合预报系统(EC_GEPS和NCEP_GEPS)的2016年1月1日—2017年12月31日连续2 a的预报资料,对两套系统在西南地区10 d以内的2 m温度和24 h定量降水预报进行检验评估和综合分析。2 m温度预报检验结果表明:EC_GEPS和NCEP_GEPS的2 m温度控制预报和集合平均预报的均方根误差均普遍偏高且NCEP_GEPS总体而言优于EC_GEPS;两套系统集合平均均方根误差相对于控制预报改进不明显;集合离散度均明显偏低;Talagrand分布均呈现出非常明显的"J型"分布特征,Outlier评分普遍偏高且EC_GEPS的Outlier评分明显低于NCEP_GEPS;从集合最小值到集合最大值,随着集合百分位的增大,各个预报时效的均方根误差逐渐减小,集合最大值预报技巧最高。降水预报检验结果表明:EC_GEPS和NCEP_GEPS的24 h定量降水预报的Talagrand分布总体而言均呈现出"L型"分布特征且NCEP_GEPS更加明显;NCEP_GEPS各个预报时效的Outlier评分均普遍偏高且明显高于EC_GEPS;EC_GEPS的降水概率预报技巧明显优于NCEP_GEPS;EC_GEPS的70%集合百分位预报技巧最高,NCEP_GEPS的80%集合百分位预报技巧最高。EC_GEPS和NCEP_GEPS在西南地区的2 m温度预报和降水预报均存在一定的系统性误差,进行相应的集合预报系统性偏差订正应该能较好地改进预报技巧。 相似文献
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安徽省ECMWF数值模式降水预报性能的检验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《气象与环境学报》2017,(5)
为了了解欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)数值模式对安徽地区降水预报的性能,提高订正技巧,本文应用风险评分(Threat Score,TS)、预报偏差(BIAS)和去除随机事件后的公平T评分(Equitable Threat Score,ETS)及真实技巧评分(True Skill Statistic,TSS)等方法,对2012年1月至2015年3月安徽省ECMWF数值模式降水场预报资料进行检验。结果表明:ECMWF模式对安徽地区降水的预报性能总体较稳定,年际变化幅度较小。安徽省降水预报的ETS评分总体呈南高北低的空间分布特征,所有气象站降水均存在预报过度的现象。降水预报分级检验表明,小雨量级降水预报评分明显高于其他量级降水,但预报偏差较大,预报过度现象严重;ECMWF模式对72 h时效内的暴雨量级降水预报技巧较小,对于72 h时效后的暴雨量级降水基本没有预报能力。季节降水预报的检验表明,春季、秋季和冬季的48 h时效内晴雨预报的准确率为88%以上,订正空间较小;夏季各时效及春季、秋季和冬季168 h时效以上降水预报的空报率超过60%,可以适度订正;秋季较其他季节降水预报的漏报率略高,尤其是120 h时效以上降水的预报需关注。四季均存在降水预报过度的现象,尤以夏季最突出。ECMWF模式对安徽省降水量为0.1—0.7 mm的格点降水预报空报率较高,订正后可以明显提升预报技巧,但增加了一定漏报风险。 相似文献
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基于ECWMF模式预报数据对2018年3—11月降水和2 m温度进行统计降尺度,利用先频率匹配法、再阈值法对插值后的降水订正,利用Kalman滤波型的递减平均统计降尺度法对插值后的温度订正,最终获得逐小时降水量和温度的预报。结果表明:(1)对于晴雨预报准确率,绝大多数预报时效频率匹配法和阈值法均对其有明显提高,前者最大改进幅度可达20%以上。对于相对误差,阈值法对空报现象有较显著改进。对于1 h降雨量大于等于20 mm的短时强降水,频率匹配法订正后的TS评分有明显提高。对2018年"安比"台风事件,除具有以上改进效果外,频率匹配法提高了降水主体形态和量级的预报水平,阈值法对空报站订正正确。(2)对于温度的ECWMF模式预报检验,几乎在任何预报时效内都是3月的绝对误差最大。通过Kalman滤波型的递减平均统计降尺度法后,各月的绝对误差都有不同程度减小。总体上,订正后的绝对误差曲线仍具有订正前的周期性波动,波峰、波谷位置也与订正前基本一致,且绝对误差越大,订正幅度越大。个例分析也表明订正后保留了温度预报空间分布的准确性,且绝对误差有明显下降。 相似文献
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《贵州气象》2021,(3)
利用2019年4月1日—7月31日的0～240 h欧洲中期天气预报中心2 m温度预报和2019年4月1日00时—7月31日00时贵州省境内364个自动气象观测骨干站点的温度观测资料,分别基于时间持续偏差订正(滑动平均)和类卡尔曼滤波的递减平均统计降尺度方法构建单模式的温度订正方案和客观算法模型,进而对欧洲中心2019年7月1日—7月15日的2 m温度预报进行客观订正。结果表明:时间持续偏差法构建的方案对订正效果不好,平均绝对误差值(MAE)均比原始数值预报大。相比之下,采用类卡尔曼滤波的递减平均统计降尺度方法构建订正方案对部分站点的预报有着非常显著的订正效果,平均绝对误差值在大多数时效上比数值预报本身小,且经过参数优化方案之后,又进一步提升了订正效果。订正模型的训练方案仍然有很大的改进空间,有望提高有效订正站点的数量。 相似文献
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采用中国T639预报模式提供的气温数值预报资料及两要素加密自动站气温资料,对贵州省内2 000多个乡镇站点进行气温精细化预报研究。结果表明,在对2013年1—3月预报时效为24~168 h的气温预报试验中,无论从均方根误差的角度还是按照贵州省的业务评分标准,进行降尺度技术处理后的精细化气温预报效果较直接的气温预报有着明显的改进。试验中,对于24 h的预报改进最明显,均方根误差减少达19.1%,预报业务评分改进达24.5%,全省平均评分均在70%以上,较大幅度地改进了T639预报模式直接提供的气温预报。 相似文献
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采用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)全球确定性预报模式地面气温和国家地面站点观测资料,对模式初值场误差、历史误差以及卡尔曼滤波预测误差与实况误差之间的相关性进行分析,设计了4种回归方案订正日最高、最低气温预报偏差,并与ECMWF、中央气象台和全国城镇的预报产品进行了检验对比。结果表明:采用了模式近1～3 d最高(最低)气温和模式最高(最低)气温历史平均误差、初值场误差以及卡尔曼滤波反演误差作为预报因子的改进方案效果最优,经对其2017年日最高和最低气温的预报检验,预报准确率较ECMWF原始模式预报有较明显提高,也明显优于中央气象台指导预报。在空间分布方面,其对地形较为复杂地区的改进效果更好。同时,与当前业务中质量最好的全国城镇预报相比,最高气温预报平均绝对偏差(Mean Absolute Error,MAE)较全国城镇预报低8.24%～13.97%,预报准确率提高1.24%～3.57%,日最低气温平均绝对偏差较城镇预报低9.43%～17.69%,预报准确率提高1.77%～2.72%。在3 d的预报中,对24 h时效内预报相对于48 h和72 h的改进幅度更大,订正效果更加明显。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献