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1.
在三亚天涯海角潮间带沉积物中发现了一定量的海洋趋磁细菌,最大丰度可达100个/cm3。透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察发现该区域趋磁细菌绝大多数为趋磁球菌。磁小体形状单一,皆为棱柱形;磁小体排列方式多样,以链状排列为主,包括单链、双链,也有少数成簇排列。高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)与X-射线能谱仪(EDXS)结果表明,磁小体成分为Fe3O4。趋磁细菌的铁含量平均为2.05%(0.70%~7.53%)。通过16S r RNA基因文库的构建与测序,在78个阳性克隆中得到了16个趋磁细菌序列,分属9个OTU。系统发育分析结果表明,其中8个OTU属于α-变形菌纲,1个OTU属于γ-变形菌纲。在全部9个OTU中,有8个OTU与已知趋磁细菌序列的相似性低于97%,有5个OTU与已知趋磁细菌序列的相似性低于93%,说明该区域存在可观的趋磁细菌资源。 相似文献
2.
荣成月湖是一个典型天然潟湖,潮间带沉积物中存在多种形态趋磁细菌。通过Roche454高通量测序平台,对沉积物样品(B_S)和磁收样品(B_M)进行16SrRNA基因高通量测序,认识荣成潮间带沉积物的细菌群落结构,并了解趋磁细菌多样性及系统进化地位。研究结果表明沉积物样品中主要的细菌类群为δ-变形菌纲,占总细菌数的26.4%,其次是γ-变形菌纲和α-变形菌纲;而磁收样品中细菌多样性和种类明显降低,以α-变形菌纲占绝对优势,相对比例达72.6%。在磁收样品和沉积物样品分别发现了1 612条和186条reads与趋磁细菌相关,分别占细菌总数的5.76%和0.85%,磁收样品中趋磁细菌数是沉积物样品的6.8倍。对两个样品中获得的趋磁细菌序列进行系统进化分析,发现这些序列多数属于变形菌门的α-变形菌纲,以趋磁球菌占绝对优势,少数属于δ-变形菌纲,与多细胞趋磁原核生物亲缘关系最近。海洋趋磁螺菌属仅在B_M样品中检出,趋磁弧菌属在B_M样品优势度高于B_S样品,而多细胞趋磁原核生物和趋磁螺菌属在B_S样品中优势度更高。通过分析样品间的差异OTUs,认为荣成潮间带沉积物中可能存在大量未知的趋磁细菌新类群。研究结果为下一步培养和开发趋磁细菌这一功能菌群,发现趋磁细菌新类群及趋磁细菌生态功能提供了基础资料。 相似文献
3.
采用正交试验的方法优化磁小体培养条件,结果使趋磁细菌OD600达到0.440(生物量为1.166×109cells/ml),同时运用磁收集传代法,使趋磁细菌Cmag值稳定在1.9—2.0。培养时用透射电镜观察磁小体形成过程,结果发现培养24h细菌体内已有较小晶体形成且沿长轴分布;48h晶体长大且形成分段链沿长轴排列;72h晶体进一步成熟仍以分段链沿长轴排列;随后细菌逐渐衰亡磁小体变小,168h可见部分自溶细菌中仍有磁小体链;192h细菌自溶磁小体链分散到环境中。还观察到磁小体在细菌分裂时采用两种分离方式,一种为磁小体分配到两个子细胞;另一种为磁小体只分配到一个子细胞。无磁小体的子细胞,一部分逐渐产生磁小体,另一部分不产生磁小体。 相似文献
4.
趋磁细菌能够形成纳米级的磁小体,磁小体排列成链作为生物磁针使细菌沿氧化还原梯度在地磁线上移动。磁小体独特的晶体和磁性特征使其在生物技术、医药和地质生物学应用等领域有巨大的潜力,磁小体的细胞生物学特征也使其成为原核生物细胞器研究的理想模型。本文介绍了近年来在趋磁细菌基因组和磁小体链形成机制方面的研究进展。 相似文献
5.
趋磁细菌(magnetotactic bacteria,MTB)是一类能够沿着磁力线运动的特殊细菌。MTB在胞内磁小体的导向下借助自身鞭毛进行趋磁趋氧运动,以到达适宜的生境。本研究在青岛潮间带沉积物中发现大量的趋磁球菌,通过光镜与透射电镜对其运动方式与显微结构进行观察。结果显示优势趋磁细菌为卵球形,大小为2.5μm×2.1μm,宽长比为0.85,将其命名为QH-3。QH-3为趋北型(North-seeking)MTB,运动速度88μm/s,细胞内两侧各有一条由棱柱形颗粒组成的磁小体链。QH-3在菌体同一侧有两个由直径62 nm±9 nm的鞘包裹7根鞭毛组成的鞭毛束。这种特殊的鞭毛结构与已报道的致病菌的不同,而与法国地中海趋磁球菌MO-1的相似。 相似文献
6.
首次在长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)中克隆得到一种新的贝壳基质蛋白nacrein-like protein F3的全长c DNA序列。nacrein-like protein F3基因c DNA全长1499bp,其中编码区长度为1242bp,编码一条含413个氨基酸残基的多肽链。氨基酸序列比对和结构域分析均表明其为合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)nacrein的同源蛋白,含有1个保守的α-碳酸酐酶结构域,但由于重复结构域的插入,α-碳酸酐酶结构域被间隔成2个亚结构域。系统进化分析显示nacrein-like protein F3与贻贝(Mytilus californianus)nacrein-like protein进化关系最近。此外,在软体动物中,双壳纲nacrein-like proteins进化速度相对较快,推测与寒武纪时期剧烈的环境变化有关,如影响贝壳形成的海水化学变化。 相似文献
7.
紫红笛鲷线粒体全序列与笛鲷属鱼类分化年代的贝叶斯分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规 PCR 未纯化产物直接测序的方法,获得紫红笛鲷(Lutjanus argentimaculatus)全长为16543 bp 线粒体 DNA 全序列, GenBank 登录号为 JN182927.结合 GenBank 中的已有数据比较分析表明:紫红笛鲷与笛鲷属(Lutjanus)线粒体基因组成基本一致,符合脊椎动物的特征,各基因间进化速率差异显著;13个蛋白编码基因拼接序列贝叶斯建树的后验率显著高于单基因或全序列,更适用于笛鲷属的贝叶斯法系统分化分析和年代推断;13个蛋白编码基因及其拼接序列进行的系统进化分析均支持紫红笛鲷与勒氏笛鲷(Lutjanus russellii)及海鸡母笛鲷(Lutjanus rivulatus)亲缘关系较近;基于13个蛋白编码基因拼接序列的贝叶斯松散分子钟推算出笛鲷属鱼类两个主要支系大约在61.5Ma 前古新世的达宁阶与蒙蒂阶交界时期发生分化. 相似文献
8.
从迟缓爱德华氏菌（Edwarclsiellatarda）LSE40 fosmid文库克隆到编码寡肽透过酶的opp基因簇。该基因簇全长6741bp，含有5个ORF，依次编码OppA—B-C-D-F5个蛋白；位于oppA翻译起始住点上游385bp处有一个推测的转录起始位点，在该转录起点的-35和-10区分别有TAGACA和TATATT两个特征性启动子序列；位于oppA和oppB的间隔区和oppF之后的非编码区各有一个茎环结构，推测分别为oppA和opp基因簇的转录终止子。氨基酸序列分析表明该基因簇编码的各个蛋白与同属细菌鲶鱼爱德华氏菌（E．ictaluri）对应的各个蛋白高度相似，相似性在96％～98％；与其他革兰氏阴性菌相似性在56％～89％；与革兰氏阳性菌的相似性在27％～53％。以细菌OppA的保守结构域SBP_bac_5构建系统发生树，结果显示E．tardaLSE40与同属细菌E．ictaluri的亲缘关系最近，与肠杆菌科细菌的亲缘关系较近，与革兰氏阳性细菌的亲缘关系较远，表明oppA的SBP_bac_5结构域可作为细菌分类鉴定的依据。opp基因簇的获取为深入了解E．tarda适应环境和宿主的生存机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
9.
采用体外克隆技术获得来自节旋藻6个品系的cpcB基因的257 bp的上游序列和217 bp的编码区序列,并和来自FACHB341的cpcB基因序列对应部分进行比较分析。结果表明,所获得的上游序列和编码区序列都有高度的保守性,而编码区所推导的氨基酸序列的保守性更高。启动子软件预测,在每一上游序列中都存在5条启动子序列,其中,FACHB439的启动子种类和结构与其他品系存在一定的差异。同时,FACHB439的翻译起始区mRNA二级结构与其他品系也有所不同。因此推测,在大多数品系节旋藻中藻蓝蛋白基因存在相同的表达调控机制,而品系FACHB439则可能存在一定程度的差异。 相似文献
10.
采用RT-PCR技术和RACE技术成功克隆淡水鱼类斑鳢sGST基因cDNA全序列,推测得到氨基酸序列,初步分析其结构功能域及系统进化关系。结果表明,斑鳢sGST基因cDNA序列全长为898bp,编码225个氨基酸。斑鳢sGST与真鲷、金头鲷、鲽、黑头鲦、川鲽、大口黑鲈等最新定名为ρ型的sGST氨基酸同源性较高,ρ型sGST为水生生物所特有并共同占据进化树上独立的分枝;与大鼠、小鼠、人等哺乳动物sGST现有所有类型同源性均很低,并且在进化树上距离也较远,表明本研究成功克隆的sGST基因应属于ρ型,可能在鱼类等水生生物对水栖环境的适应上有重要作用。 相似文献
11.
荣成月湖潮间带单细胞趋磁细菌的多样性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Marine magnetotactic bacteria were collected from the intertidal sediments of Yuehu Lake(China), where their abundance reached 103–104 ind./cm3. Diverse morphotypes of magnetotactic bacteria were observed, including cocci and oval, vibrio-, spirillum-, rod-, elliptical-, handle- and bar-shaped forms. The magnetococci were the most abundant, and had flagella arranged in parallel within a bundle. The majority of magnetosomes were arranged in one, two or multiple chains, although irregular arrangements were also evident. All the results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) analysis show that magnetosome crystals were composed of Fe3O4, and their morphology was specific to particular cell morphotypes. By the 16 S r RNA gene sequence analysis, we found fourteen operational taxonomic units(OTUs) which were related to magnetotactic bacteria. Among these, thirteen belonged to the Alphaproteobacteria and one to the Gammaproteobacteria.Compared with known axenic and uncultured marine magnetotactic bacteria, the 16 S r RNA gene sequences of most magnetotactic bacteria collected from the Yuehu Lake exhibited sequence identities ranging from 90.1% to96.2%(97%). The results indicate that microbial communities containing previously unidentified magnetotactic bacteria occur in the Yuehu Lake. 相似文献
12.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):689-693
Commercial fishermen in many parts of the world perceive marine mammals as competitors for a scarce resource: fish. The importance of predation by marine mammals can be evaluated crudely by considering the marine mammal as a rival fishery whose operation is constrained by physiology and energetic requirements, rather than by catch limits and gear restrictions. Evidence collected from grey seals Halichoerus grypus in the United Kingdom, southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina and beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas shows that published information on distribution, based on the location of breeding sites and sightings in shallow water, may give an unrealistic picture of foraging distribution. Studies of diet and distribution can give an impression of the static nature of the inter-action between a marine mammal and the fishery. However, it is the dynamics of the interaction which are important. A critical question to be posed is how will the consumption of a particular prey species vary with its availability to the predator? 相似文献
13.
Chapter 17 of Agenda 21 requires new approaches to marine and coastal area management and development, approaches that are integrated in content and precautionary in ambit. With this understanding, Korea is moving in the direction of a more sustainable society along the general action plans outlined in Agenda 21. This paper describes how Korea has transformed its marine environmental policies at different economic development stages, examines how Korea follows up the UNCED's recommendations, and reviews how various domestic and international strategies for marine and coastal management are being prepared. 相似文献
14.
The proposed concept of the “marine coastal zone” (MCZ) is substantiated with considering the role of the neotectonics in
the formation and evolution of the corresponding morphologic system using the Antarctic Peninsula as an example. For this
purpose, the results of the immediate geologic-geomorphologic observations are correlated with an original schematic neotectonic
map compiled for the region in question. It is shown that neotectonic movements are responsible for the block structure of
the coastal zone representing its most stable element, which is complicated by subsequent regional exogenic coast-forming
processes with the glacial one being dominant. Other aspects of the marine coastal zone influenced by neotectonics are also
considered. A new (near-polar) type of the marine coastal zone is defined. 相似文献
15.
红纤维虾海藻作为海洋沉水高等植物具有重要的生态与渔业价值。该物种目前已经处于濒 危状态, 且研究资料十分匮乏。本研究通过实地生境调查, 对其进行了形态学与解剖学研究, 并在此 基础上对其海洋环境的结构适应性进行了较为深入的探讨。研究结果表明: 红纤维虾海藻须根末端 膨大并密生根毛, 有利于增强植株的抓附能力和吸收能力; 表皮细胞细胞壁具有类似栓化细胞初生 壁性质的六面加厚现象, 与外部多层皮层厚角组织形成机械组织区, 叶鞘内侧含有丰富的机械组织, 使结构的抗性加强, 能承受较强的海流冲击; 雄花序中无退化雌蕊, 雌花序兼具雌蕊和退化的雄蕊, 花序轴两侧着生数枚桨状小苞片, 花粉丝状, 利于授粉, 传粉方式为水媒和半水媒传粉; 小坚果密 生倒向长鬃毛, 便于果实在海流中固着锚定。该研究弥补了目前对海洋沉水高等植物适应性进化特 征理解的不足, 也为该物种在生态修复中的应用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
16.
Marine fine-grained soils are well known for their compressibility, which is typically measured and reported in terms of compression index, Cc. The difficulties associated with measuring Cc have resulted in growing research interest in statistics-based estimates (i.e., correlation equations). Although many empirical and semiempirical correlations exist for estimating Cc, most available correlations are based on either data from nonmarine soils or data collected from Japanese and Korean marine clays. Thus, there are few correlations for marine clays from other parts of the world. In the present study, two independent databases which contain a total of 1,000 data points from 170 different sites worldwide are used to build and validate statistically significant correlations for estimating compression index of marine soils. The results of this study suggest that (1) the proposed correlation equations provide quite good estimates of Cc for marine soils with different stress histories and sensitivities and (2) most of the existing models have unacceptable performance when they are applied to marine soils. 相似文献
17.
桡足类是海洋生态系统中初级生产者和较高营养级消费者之间的关键联系环节,掌握桡足类的现场食物组成对于准确评估海洋食物网中的营养关系和能量转移至关重要。本研究中,我们以中华哲水蚤这一在中国、日本以及韩国近海具有重要生态地位的大型哲水蚤属桡足类为研究对象,应用之前开发的基于PCR的克隆技术,通过分析中华哲水蚤所摄食生物的18S rDNA序列,研究了中华哲水蚤的现场食物组成。结果揭示了南黄海（Y19站位）和渤海（B49站位）中华哲水蚤食物组成的多样性。共检测出43个操作分类单元（OTUs）,分别隶属于13个类群：硅藻（Bacillariophyta）、甲藻（Dinoflagellata）、硅鞭藻（Dictyochophyceae）、金藻（Chrysophyta）、Katablepharidophyta、浮生藻（Pelagophyceae）、无根虫（Apusozoa）、水螅水母（Hydrozoa）、栉水母（Ctenophora）、棘皮动物（Echinodermata）、被囊动物（Tunicata）、毛颚动物（Chaetognatha）以及海洋真菌。结果还表明,当发生藻类暴发时,中华哲水蚤可以摄食引发藻类暴发的藻种。当周围海域浮游植物的丰度相对较低时,中华哲水蚤可以选择摄食各种后生动物尤其是水螅水母和栉水母的卵、幼虫或者有机碎屑。我们的研究结果表明中华哲水蚤是一种杂食性桡足类,它对食物的选择依赖其生活海域中食物的可获得性。 相似文献
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The solitary ascidian, Ciona savignyi (Ascidiacea, Enterogona) is a notorious marine invader still expanding its habitat range worldwide. This species is considered native to the North West Pacific, but its indigeneity in Korean coastal waters has been questioned because of outdated taxonomic records and its inhabitation of oceanographically marginal areas. To clarify their cryptic invasion state, 247 individual C. savignyi samples were collected from 12 harbors and marinas on the Korean coast, and a 744 bp region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene was sequenced and analyzed. Our analyses of population genetic structure and demographic history provided considerable pieces of evidence supporting their long-term establishment on the Korean coasts: differentiated population genetic structure, sequentially arrayed star-shape haplotype network, neutrality test results of past population expansions, and post-glacial colonization pattern of demography. Consequently, we concluded that C. savignyi populations on the Korean Coast are indigenous rather than exotic. These results could be used as reference data for further phylogeo graphic and demographic studies of problematic Ciona species, and to clarify and resolve similar cryptic invasion states of the other Korean coastal marine organisms. This study is the first to resolve the cryptic in vasion state of Korean marine organisms using genetic analysis.
相似文献