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1.
江西省村前夕卡岩＋斑岩复合型铜铅锌矿床产于燕山中期超浅成花岗斑岩与上石炭统黄龙-船山组白云质灰岩、白云岩接触带及其附近,具有接触带、斑岩体内成矿的特点。NE向村前倒转倾伏背斜轴部及倒转翼与岩体接触部位是矿区有利的成矿部位。矿体形态总体为不规则似层状,沿走向、倾向皆有膨大与收缩现象,倾角15°～68°。矿化主为铜铅锌。花岗斑岩、接触面的产状、围岩的夕卡岩化蚀变是矿化富集的主要控制因素。研究表明,含矿热液主要来自于上地幔,矿床成因类型属“夕卡岩＋斑岩复合型”。 相似文献
2.
《矿物学报》2016,(3)
浅成低温热液系统可能是深部斑岩成矿系统的表征。在澜沧裂谷,喜山期花岗斑岩隐伏侵入裂谷中部下石炭统依柳组玄武质火山岩地层,形成了与老厂大型钼铜银铅锌多金属矿床有关的斑岩-夕卡岩型热液蚀变体系,在浅表的碳酸盐岩地层中则形成脉状银铅锌矿化。裂谷西部的大黑山勘查区下石炭统地层为南段组碎屑岩,深部隐伏的花岗斑岩可能形成不同于老厂的热液蚀变体系,对大黑山勘查区一个综合垂直剖面的初步研究表明:(1)深部热液体系在南段组中以形成具有明显Eu正异常(δEu=1.58)的石英网脉为特征,并且具有与老厂蚀变斑岩相似的Pb-Bi-Ag-Zn-Cu富集模式但Mo明显亏损,暗示深部可能存在与老厂矿区相同的花岗斑岩及Mo的矿化。(2)深部热液体系在C_(1n)/C_(2+3)岩性界面与低温天水系统混合,在C_(2+3)白云岩中形成具有突出Eu正异常(δEu最高达5.71)的铁锰方解石化,并在近40 m的蚀变带内显示出Pb-Zn-Ag矿化异常;蚀变过程中Mg的带出与Ca-Fe-Mn的带入具有良好的相关性,并形成继续向上运移的低温Mg-Mn热液。(3)低温Mg-Mn热液在上覆二叠系生物碎屑灰岩中形成热液角砾白云岩化蚀变,大黑山勘查区地表以线型正地形的黑山梁子为代表;热液角砾白云岩化表现为弱的Eu正异常、Sr-U明显亏损和强烈的Mn富集,是地表锰银矿化的重要物源。大黑山综合剖面的研究确证了地表灰岩中广泛存在的各种形式的热液角砾白云岩化是深部岩浆热液活动的具体体现,是非常有利的找矿标志。 相似文献
3.
云南省马厂箐Cu-Mo-Au矿床花岗斑岩成矿地质证据 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
马厂箐铜钼（金）矿床是金沙江-哀牢山构造带内与喜马拉雅期富碱侵入岩有关的典型的斑岩型矿床之一,其铜钼（金）矿（化）体在空间上与花岗斑岩紧密相伴,且主要位于花岗斑岩脉（体）的上、下盘。花岗斑岩内发育有具斑岩型矿化特征的细网脉状、浸染状矿化,其上盘的（似）斑状花岗岩和下盘的向阳组围岩内均发育有脉状、细脉状矿化,且总体表现出向接触带附近花岗斑岩倾斜的特点。（似）斑状花岗岩中的矿化脉体北倾,围岩地层中的矿化脉体南倾。花岗斑岩脉（体）上、下盘的矿化脉体表现出越靠近接触带（花岗斑岩脉体）蚀变矿化越强、矿化体的规模越大、出现的频率越高,而远离接触带（花岗斑岩脉体）则蚀变矿化越弱、矿化体的规模越小、出现的频率越低。铜钼（金）的成矿时代与花岗斑岩的成岩时代较为一致,其同位素年龄集中在34～36 Ma。花岗斑岩含有源于富集地幔的镁铁质暗色微粒包体,并发育浸染状的黄铁矿化、磁铁矿化。暗色微粒包体及其寄主岩（花岗斑岩）具有同源性,且与壳_幔岩混合作用及成分分异有关,具有提供成矿物质、成矿流体的基础。因此,该区的铜钼（金）成矿与花岗斑岩有关。 相似文献
4.
新疆土屋斑岩铜矿床火山-侵入杂岩体、 成矿岩石及其蚀变 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
土屋斑岩铜矿床位于新疆东天山晚古生代大南湖-头苏泉岛弧中.矿区出露地层为石炭系企鹅山群火山-沉积岩.文章提出矿区出露的火山-沉积岩以及浅成侵入岩为一火山-侵入杂岩体,发育2个旋回4个岩相:第一旋回包括溢流相玄武岩和安山岩、爆发相集块角砾熔岩和爆发-沉积相凝灰岩;第二旋回包括次火山相闪长玢岩和玄武玢岩.斜长花岗斑岩侵入到火山机构断裂系中.矿体赋存于斜长花岗斑岩和闪长玢岩中.斜长花岗斑岩为成矿斑岩,次火山岩相闪长玢岩为容矿岩石,火山岩为围岩.土屋斑岩铜矿床可分为前成矿期和主成矿期.前成矿期形成于火山活动的晚期,发育青磐岩化;主成矿期形成于斜长花岗斑岩侵位时期,发育钾硅酸盐蚀变、绿泥石-绢云母蚀变和黄铁绢英岩化蚀变及与之有关的矿化,形成了土屋斑岩型矿化的主体.矿化阶段包括钾硅酸盐阶段、绿泥石-绢云母阶段和黄铁绢英岩化阶段等. 相似文献
5.
湘南黄沙坪多金属矿床花岗斑岩的矿物化学及其对矽卡岩白钨矿成矿的指示意义 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
黄沙坪多金属矿床是湖南最大的铅锌生产基地,并且在与矿床内花岗斑岩接触的矽卡岩带产有隐伏的大型矽卡岩型白钨矿和中型规模的辉钼矿。钨-钼矿化的时代为晚侏罗世,与矿床内花岗斑岩侵入时代一致。然而,已有研究认为,由于该花岗斑岩规模很小,矽卡岩型白钨矿的成矿热液应来自深部岩浆房而非此花岗斑岩。为此,我们对花岗斑岩进行了仔细的镜下观测,并且对其中的副矿物和黑云母以及矽卡岩中的白钨矿进行了电子探针成分分析,应用原位LA-ICP-MS方法测定了矽卡岩中白钨矿的稀土元素含量,试图对白钨矿矿化的物质和流体来源提供确切的证据。通过研究,首次在矿床内花岗斑岩中发现了与未蚀变黑云母伴生的黑钨矿和铌铁矿,表明花岗斑岩至少在岩浆结晶作用晚期或岩浆-热液过渡阶段早期就已发生钨的矿物富集,为确定花岗斑岩是控制钨矿化的成矿岩体提供了依据。此外,发现花岗斑岩中的黑云母(属铁叶云母)含有极高的氟含量(3%),指示其应形成于富含氟的高分异岩浆。研究进一步揭示,矽卡岩中白钨矿的轻稀土元素配分模式与花岗斑岩十分一致,而重稀土元素则显著亏损,而且Eu的含量较花岗斑岩更为富集。这暗示形成白钨矿的成矿流体应直接来自花岗斑岩,即:在早期无水矽卡岩阶段,石榴子石的沉淀导致流体中的重稀土亏损而Eu相对富集;白钨矿随后再从这种流体中沉淀。此外,白钨矿的Eu含量与Sm、Gd含量具有负相关关系,表明Eu的分配是相对独立的行为,主要以Eu2+存在,从而指示沉淀白钨矿的流体具有还原的性质。结合前人的研究成果及本文所提供的新证据,我们认为,形成矽卡岩型白钨矿的钨和成矿热液应来自高分异且富F的花岗斑岩,而所需的钙则可能来自于碳酸盐围岩,即矿床内花岗斑岩应是形成钨钼矿床的物质来源,驱动热液活动的能量来源,和寻找隐伏钨矿床的重要找矿标志。 相似文献
6.
从区域尺度和矿床尺度两个方面论述了斑岩铜矿系统的特点.区域尺度上：1）斑岩铜矿多呈矿带或成矿域出现,带内众多斑岩铜矿呈簇或组合呈线状产出,这是构造作用控制下不连续岩株呈线状侵入就位的表现; 2）主要产于俯冲作用形成的岛弧和陆缘环境,构造应力属挤压但与中等拉张作用也有关,最近的研究证实大陆碰撞造山带也是斑岩型矿床产出的重要环境;3）其形成是通过具氧化性,S饱和,富含金属的岩浆熔体侵入所致,岩浆侵入作用为成矿提供了物质来源; 4）围岩的物理性质以及化学组成对矿床的规模、品位以及矿化类型具有极强的控制作用,碳酸盐岩围岩主要赋存近源Cu-Au夕卡岩矿床,少量远程Zn-Pb或Au夕卡岩矿床,在夕卡岩前缘还形成交代型Cu和Zn-Pb-Ag±Au矿床.矿床尺度上：1）含矿斑岩与斑岩型矿床时空相依,成因相联,是斑岩铜矿重要的含矿母岩和金属-S的可能载体;2）火山角砾岩筒在深部与矿化体平行或斜交,其与围岩的接触带,一般也是富硫金成矿带的一部分;3）与矿化有关的斑岩成矿系统内的角砾岩主要有爆发角砾岩、侵入角砾岩、爆发侵入角砾岩、热液角砾岩和热液卵石脉;4）斑岩铜矿系统中的热液蚀变自下而上可分为不含矿的早期钠质-钙质蚀变→含矿的钾化→绿泥石化-绢云母化→绢云母化→高级泥化,热液蚀变互相套合,矿化互相叠加;5）岩帽是斑岩型热液-成矿活动-蚀变体系的重要组成部分,是重要的找矿标志. 相似文献
7.
安徽铜陵桂花冲斑岩铜矿围岩蚀变与矿化作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
桂花冲铜矿为安徽铜陵地区新发现的斑岩型铜矿,斑岩体为准铝质高钾钙碱性的花岗闪长斑岩。围岩蚀变与矿化作用是斑岩型矿床成矿过程研究的一项重要内容,对蚀变带岩石开展元素地球化学成分的迁移研究,是分析热液交代蚀变过程的基础。桂花冲铜矿区内围岩蚀变作用比较强烈,蚀变类型主要有钾化、绢云母化、硅化、绿泥石化和碳酸盐化等。蚀变分带比较明显,由内向外依次为钾化带、绢英岩化带和青磐岩化带,矿体主要产于绢英岩化带内。矿化蚀变自早至晚划分为钾长石、石英-绢云母、石英多金属硫化物和碳酸盐4个阶段。蚀变带物质组分迁移结果表明,在蚀变过程中,岩石的主量元素除TiO2、MnO、MgO外,其他元素迁移量发生了明显改变;微量元素除Sr和Cu外,迁移量变化较小,稀土元素在矿化强的部位亏损,在矿化弱的地带富集。岩体及蚀变带岩石稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式一致,说明岩体与蚀变岩石经历了相同来源流体的交代蚀变,是岩浆流体连续作用的结果。 相似文献
8.
乌兰乌珠尔斑岩铜矿位于柴达木盆地西缘,为受花岗斑岩脉控制的斑岩型铜矿。岩石化学、稀土和微量元素特征表明:控矿花岗斑岩与围岩(似斑状)斜长花岗岩为钙碱性系列,具轻稀土富集、显著的δEu负异常和Sr、Ba、Ca亏损特征,形成于同碰撞造山环境,与华力西晚期—印支期松潘—甘孜古特提斯洋俯冲碰撞闭合有关。控矿花岗斑岩及其围岩热液蚀变强烈,显示良好的蚀变分带。主要蚀变有钾硅化、绢英岩化和青磐岩化,控矿斑岩内部为钾化和硅化叠加绢英岩化带,近斑岩两侧围岩为绢英岩化带,外侧为青磐岩化带。铜矿化强度与蚀变强度有显著正相关关系。铜矿体空间分布、产状及规模受控矿花岗斑岩体控制。矿床的矿物组合、热液蚀变、硫、氧同位素和流体包裹体测温结果显示矿床形成于中高温环境,流体和成矿物质主要来源于岩浆,乌兰乌珠尔铜矿属与高中温岩浆热液作用有关的斑岩型铜矿。 相似文献
9.
10.
《矿物学报》2016,(4)
都龙锡锌超大型矿床是中国第三大锡石硫化物矿床。矿区内铜矿化除主要的夕卡岩型、石英-萤石脉型外,近期的勘查工作还在曼东矿段南部揭露了燕山晚期花岗斑岩内的铜矿化,不少达到了工业要求,是该矿区内新发现的一种铜矿化类型。该类矿化以铜为主,共-伴生锡、锌等,矿体受花岗斑岩脉规模以及贯通岩脉与围岩的构造裂隙控制,具收缩膨胀、分支复合、尖灭再现等现象。成矿元素分布特征指示铜、锡等成矿物质主要来源于燕山晚期第三期岩浆活动。含矿花岗斑岩LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年,获得成岩-成矿年龄为88 Ma。上述研究结果表明,该类矿化具有比较典型的岩浆热液成矿特征。与夕卡岩型、石英-萤石脉型相比,该类型铜矿化具有成因明确、找矿标志明显、空间分布范围确定的优点。曼东矿段及其周边,具有黑云母等暗色矿物含量较高、结晶程度稍差、蚀变及破碎程度较强等特点的燕山晚期花岗斑岩是有利的找矿对象。 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
12.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
13.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献