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四株鳖源致病性嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)的表型、分子鉴定及其毒力基因检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用生态毒理学、表观分类学及分子生物学方法,对具白底板病典型症状濒死中华鳖内脏中分离获得的4株病原菌开展了以致病性、表型分析、分子鉴定及毒力基因检测为内容的实验研究,结果表明:(1)4株病原菌均具致病性,致死力由大到小依次为ZHYYZ-2、ZHYYZ-4、ZHYYZ-1、ZHYYZ-3;(2)4株病原菌均为呈短杆状、具溶血活性的革兰氏阴性细菌,VITEK2型全自动细菌鉴定与药敏系统和ATBExpression型细菌鉴定与药敏智能系统均显示为嗜水气单胞菌;(3)ZHYYZ-1、ZHYYZ-2、ZHYYZ-3、ZHYYZ-4的16SrDNA序列长度分别为1460、1464、1466、1461,经Blast同源性检索表明它们所扩增的16SrDNA序列与GenBank数据库中登记的71株嗜水气单胞菌的相似性均为99%;(4)经PCR特异性检测,各实验菌均含有Aha、AHH、AerA和OMP。根据4株实验菌的表型和分子生物学特征,判定它们均为气单胞菌属的致病性嗜水气单胞菌。 相似文献
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对虾养殖前期5种类型水体中细菌的组成和比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对天津和河北沧州地区的5种类型养虾水体(淡水、盐碱地水、浅层盐碱水、海水、高盐海水)养殖前期的细菌数量及组成进行比较研究。结果为:(1)5种水体中异养细菌、弧菌、氨化细菌、反硝化细菌、硫酸还原菌数量差异明显,异养细菌总数高低的顺序为:海水高盐海水浅层盐碱水盐碱地水淡水;弧菌总数:高盐海水海水浅层盐碱水盐碱地水淡水;氨化细菌总数:海水浅层盐碱水盐碱地水淡水高盐海水;反硝化细菌总数:盐碱地水淡水海水浅层盐碱水高盐海水;硫酸还原菌总数:浅层盐碱水=淡水海水盐碱地水高盐海水。(2)不同水体中细菌种类及相对数量存在差异,淡水中气单胞菌属、邻单胞菌属、肠杆菌科为主要菌群,分别占总数的21.34%,18.57%,17.14%;盐碱地水中产碱菌属、弧菌属、肠杆菌科、棒杆菌属为主要菌群,分别占总数的29.27%,19.51%,14.63%,14.63%;浅层盐碱水中弧菌属、气单胞菌属为主要菌群,分别占总数的23.08%,15.38%;海水中弧菌属、肠杆菌科为主要菌群,分别占总数的19.35%,16.13%;高盐海水中弧菌属、假单胞菌属为主要菌群,分别占总数的38.71%,12.90%。研究表明,养殖前期,5种类型养虾群体中的细菌组成结构存在明显差异。 相似文献
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苗期中国对虾幼体异养细菌区系及其变化与病害发生的关系 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
研究了2个育苗场不同发育期的中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)幼体的异养菌和弧菌种群变化的动态过程。以典型特征法、BIOLOGGN法和数值分类法对菌株进行鉴定。结果表明，对虾幼体样品中所分离的细菌，大多是革兰氏阴性杆菌。鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)和弧菌属(Vibrio)。弧菌属主要为溶藻弧菌(Vibrioal-ginozyticus)和哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)。在对虾幼体发育早期，假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)和气单胞菌(Aeromonas)占优势，随着对虾幼体的发育，弧菌(Vibrio)渐成为优势，其中溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)和哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)优势明显。二者的消长与苗期病害的发生相关，溶藻弧菌总是在虾幼体健康时出现或成为优势，而哈维氏弧菌成为优势时，苗期病害容易发生。 相似文献
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青岛近岸特征环境中海洋异养细菌的分布规律及其分子鉴定 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
研究海洋微生物特征,从青岛近岸养殖密集区、工业区、洁净区分离了428株海洋异养细菌,采用BIOLOG技术对其进行了鉴定和聚类,从中选出13株具有代表性的菌株,克隆其16SrDNA片段,进行分子鉴定。结果表明,它们分别属于弧菌属(Vibrio)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、海单胞菌属(Oceanimonas)、噬纤维菌属(Cellulophaga)、赤细菌属(Erythrobacter)和Rhodovirga。在3种特征环境中,海洋异养细菌的分布具有一定的规律性:其中洁净区的特征类群属于弧菌属(Vibrio),工业区的特征类群属于弧菌属(Vibrio)和不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter),养殖密集区的特征类群属于弧菌属(Vibrio)、假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)、假单胞菌属(Pseu-domonas)、海单胞菌属(Oceanimonas)、赤细菌属(Erythrobacter)、噬纤维菌属(Cellulophaga)和噬冷菌属(Algoriphagus)。 相似文献
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为研究与生物膜相关的海洋细菌的多样性,在青岛近海海域,选取黏管藻、裙带菜、囊藻和浒苔4种大型海藻,分离其附生海洋细菌。使用2216E、海水R2A、TCBS和海水琼脂4种培养基平板,分离纯化得到99株海洋细菌。16SrD-NA序列分析表明,变形菌门细菌在数量、种类等方面,均占主导地位。这些菌株绝大多数为变形菌门的γ-变形菌纲(94株)和α-变形菌纲(3株),仅有1株为放线菌门,1株为厚壁菌门。其中丰度最高的3个属分别为假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas,22株)、弧菌属(Vibrio,20株)和盐单胞菌属(Halomonas,15株),其次为食烷菌属(Alcanivorax,9株)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter,8株)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas,7株)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas,5株)、交替单胞菌属(Alteromonas,4株),其它9个属丰度较低。本研究为进一步探讨与生物膜相关的海洋细菌的多样性及其应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
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印度洋深海热液区可培养细菌的分子鉴定与系统发育分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用MMJHS寡营养培养基从印度洋深海热液区沉积物和热液硫化物中分离获得16株细菌,通过16S rDNA序列比对和生理生化分析,对它们进行了鉴定并构建了系统发育树.结果表明,12株细菌属于γ-变型菌(γ-Gammaproteobacteria),其中6株属于盐单胞菌属(Halomonas),4株属于嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter),2株属于食碱菌属(Alcanivorax);其余4株属于芽孢杆菌(Bacillus),其中1株为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis).分离获得的16株细菌中,4株为革兰氏阳性细菌,12株为革兰氏阴性细菌;H2S反应、吲哚测定反应、M.R和V-P均呈阴性.本研究为深入认识和开发利用深海热液区微生物资源奠定了基础. 相似文献
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为了探讨广泛存在于海中基质表面的微生物粘膜对鲍幼虫附着和变态的诱导作用,研究了不同年龄微生物粘膜 ( 1 ～ 6 d ) 对杂色鲍幼虫附着和变态的影响.结果表明:1 ～ 6 d微生物粘膜均显著地诱导幼虫附着,其中 3, 5 和 6 d 微生物粘膜还显著地诱导幼虫变态;幼虫的附着率和变态率分别与微生物粘膜中的藻类密度和细菌密度呈显著的正相关性,推测藻类和细菌可能在幼虫的附着和变态中起着重要作用.垂直基质选择性试验结果表明,90 % 以上的幼虫附着在具 23 d 微生物粘膜的载玻片表面且变态率达 70 % 以上,进一步证实了微生物粘膜可以诱导杂色鲍幼虫的附着和变态,同时也证实了幼虫具备选择附着基质的能力. 相似文献
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为研究长江口日本鳗鲡玻璃鳗肠道菌群的结构与多样性特征,初步探究野生鳗鲡仔鱼的营养需求,分别采集浙江台州市、舟山市以及江苏盐城市邻近海域的玻璃鳗样品,利用16S rDNA扩增子测序技术,分析三个采样点玻璃鳗肠道优势菌群及营养代谢相关的功能差异。结果显示,三个采样点的玻璃鳗肠道菌群均以变形菌门(Proteobacteria, 68.7%～82.0%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria,4.2%～19.0%)为主要优势菌门。在属分类水平上,不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter, 12.4%～17.3%)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas, 8.07%～13.03%)丰度较高,属固定优势菌属。此外,每个采样点样本中都含有丰富的独特细菌群,包括台州市的气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、舟山市的内生单胞属(Endozoicomonas)和丙酸杆菌属(Cutibacterium)以及盐城市的嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter)和稳杆菌属(Empedobacter),推测是受采样点不同水环境因素影响。不动杆菌、假单胞菌、内生单胞菌等菌属在多种鱼类肠道中有着消化蛋白质的功能,气单胞菌虽属于... 相似文献
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海洋附着细菌对冠瘤海鞘幼体附着和变态的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
从冠瘤海鞘、皱瘤海鞘及乳突皮海鞘的被囊表面及其附着基和附近的海水中分离到290株细菌,根据其形态和生理生化特征,将其鉴定至弧菌属、肠杆菌属和无色杆菌属等10个属.分析海鞘被囊表面及其附着基和海水中的细菌组成,并从各属中挑出的29株细菌中分离筛选出附着能力较强的9株.将这9株细菌分别制成不同的单种细菌黏膜及9种细菌混合黏膜,检测细菌黏膜对冠瘤海鞘幼体附着和变态的影响.结果表明不同细菌黏膜对冠瘤海鞘幼体的附着和变态起不同的作用.无色杆菌属H-13显著地促进海鞘的附着和变态;弧菌属的H-4对海鞘的附着和变态均起抑制作用;弧菌属H-9明显地促进附着却强烈抑制海鞘幼体变态;其余细菌仅仅对海鞘幼体附着或变态的一个过程起作用或是对两者都没有明显效果. 相似文献
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肠道细菌对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨肠道细菌形成的微生物被膜对贝类附着的作用,从厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)成体肠道中分离10株肠道细菌,调查厚壳贻贝肠道细菌形成微生物被膜特性,分析微生物被膜密度、细菌种属与厚壳贻贝稚贝附着之间的相互关系。所有肠道细菌均可有效促进稚贝附着。其中,Paracoccus sp.1微生物被膜诱导的稚贝附着率最高(61%),且微生物被膜膜厚较厚,细菌分布较密集;仅5株肠道细菌Roseovarius sp.1、Winogradskyella sp.1、Tenacibaculum sp.4、Bacillus sp.5和Nonlabens sp.1的被膜密度与附着显著相关(P0.05)。系统发育分析发现肠道细菌诱导附着率与其种属无关。本研究表明源于厚壳贻贝成贝肠道细菌可以促进其稚贝的附着,说明肠道细菌对厚壳贻贝的生长发育具有一定的作用。本研究结果为深入探讨肠道细菌与厚壳贻贝相互作用和推动该种规模化养殖提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Prevalence of bacterial species involved in biomineralization of manganese on titanium (Ti) surfaces in marine environment was revealed in this research work. This study involves one year sea water exposure of Ti and their periodical biofilm characterization was carried out to quantify the manganese oxidizing bacterial (MOB) presence in the biofilm formed on titanium surfaces. The total viable count study of Ti coupons exposed to sea water for one year resulted in 60% of the MOB in overall biofilm population. The biochemical characterization of MOB isolates were performed for the genus level identification of the seven bacterial isolates. Further, the seven strains were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Evolutionary analysis was performed using MEGA 7 to obtain closely related strains within the groups. The manganese oxidizing ability of the bacterial isolates were determined with Leucoberbelin Blue Assay (LBB) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy studies (AAS). The results show that among the isolated marine MOB species, Bacillus sp. and Leptothrix sp. have the maximum Mn oxidizing property. The microtitre plate assay was performed to determine the biofilm forming ability of the isolated marine MOB species. All the results have confirmed the prevalence of Bacillus sp. among the biofilm colonizers on Ti surfaces when exposed in sea water. 相似文献
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The role of biofilm proteins in modulating cyprid metamorphosis is not well understood. In the present investigation this possibility was explored by disrupting biofilm proteins using commercially available protease. The influence of natural biofilm and artificial biofilms of Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida and Bacillus brevis and their culture supernatants and exopolysaccharides obtained under different nutritional conditions was evaluated. Natural biofilm facilitated cyprid metamorphosis in Balanus amphitrite, whereas monospecies biofilms did not. The treatment of biofilms with protease resulted in a decline in metamorphosis, except in B. brevis, where although metamorphosis was negated initially, it increased with the protease concentration and observation days. As the response of cyprids to exopolysaccharides produced by A. salmonicida salmonicida was dependent on protein concentration, protease treatment resulted in a decrease in metamorphosis, whereas in case of B. brevis biofilms, protease hydrolysis products could be important in providing settlement cues. Thus, biofilm bacterial components play an important role in the cyprid metamorphosis of Balanus amphitrite. 相似文献
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Elisa Cenci Matteo PizzolonNicole Chimento Carlotta Mazzoldi 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
Deployed for diverse purposes, artificial substrata can, theoretically, act as fish attractors or as fish producers. We tested these hypotheses by comparing fish assemblages on two artificial hard substrata, the Ca’ Roman and Sottomarina jetties, before (1994 and 2003) and after (2005 and 2006) the deployment of a new breakwater in the area. Our results support the fish production hypothesis. A remarkable increase in richness and abundance of sedentary species was observed on the extant substrata with the presence of the new barrier. More mobile species showed less definite trends. The net result has been a total increase in abundance and richness in the area. While fish assemblage showed important temporal variation in composition before deployment (Ca’ Roman, comparison between 1994 and 2003), clear trends of increasing abundance were concurrent with the presence of the new barrier. This increase in abundance, particularly of sedentary species, may be attributed to enhanced connectivity and/or an improvement in larval retention due to the changes in water circulation connected with the new breakwater, or to an increase in juveniles and/or adults promoted by changes in environmental conditions. Indeed, changes in benthic cover were recorded, with an increase of uncovered rock and the appearance of previously unrecorded algae after breakwater deployment. 相似文献
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The nature of benthic biofilm was assessed in four streams in New Zealand, two flowing through native tussock grassland and two through exotic Pinus radiata forest. Components of the biofilm were described using epi‐fluorescent staining (DAPI) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of rock and wood substrata. DAPI and SEM analyses showed significantly more bacteria and fungi on rock and wood in tussock as opposed to pine streams. This emphasises the importance of the heterotrophic community even in systems which have abundant light available for primary production. The lack of a significant heterotrophic biofilm in pine streams was unexpected, and we speculate that chemical characteristics of the water may be responsible. 相似文献
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Experimental assessment of Posidonia oceanica‐associated gastropods grazing on an early‐successional biofilm community: nutrient availability and species‐specific effects 
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下载免费PDF全文 Although grazing is considered an essential process controlling epiphyte biomass on seagrass leaves, there is still a lack of fundamental knowledge about the species‐specific consumption rates of the most common grazers in Mediterranean meadows. This study experimentally assessed the effect of Posidonia oceanica‐associated gastropod grazing on early successional biofilm and the species‐specific relationship between biofilm consumption rates and biofilm biomass. Two biofilms on artificial substrata, both developed in situ (in a P. oceanica meadow), one under ambient conditions and the other under nutrient‐enriched conditions, were offered in aquaria assays to nine species of grazers found in P. oceanica meadows. Biofilm consumption rates and their association with biofilm biomass were assessed. It was found that: (i) there was a positive association between biofilm consumption and biofilm biomass up to 20 mg Chl a·m?2 for Bittium reticulatum, Gibbula ardens, Jujubinus exasperatus and Tricolia pullus; (ii) Alvania montagui, B. reticulatum and Jujubinus striatus showed the highest consumption rates and are thus expected to be amongst the leading consumers in early‐successional epiphytic communities; (iii) there was not an increase of consumption rate when a substratum colonized under nutrient‐enriched conditions was offered to any of the nine studied species. This study provides species‐specific consumption rates knowledge that is useful for the assessment of the strength of grazer–epiphyte interactions and trophic fluxes in P. oceanica meadows. 相似文献
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中华管鞭虾(Solenocera crassicornis)隶属于十足目、管鞭虾科、管鞭虾属, 主要分布于我国东南沿海。其富含多种必需氨基酸和矿物质, 高蛋白低脂肪, 但易受微生物污染而发生腐败变质, 需引用基于16S rRNA的高通量测序技术准确测定其微生物群落组成成分变化。以中华管鞭虾为试验材料, 采用高通量测序技术对虾肉的微生物群落碱基进行基因测序, 将产生的碱基序列通过OTU聚类、多样性及相关性分析手段研究了贮藏过程中电场处理后影响中华管鞭虾品质的微生物发育信息和群落组成变化规律。分组为新鲜样本(G0), 2 kV、3 kV及对照组贮藏中期(G1、G2、G3), 2 kV、3 kV、对照组贮藏末期(G4、G5、G6), 通过物种韦恩图、Alpha和Beta多样性以及物种组成分析, 研究不同强度电场环境对中华管鞭虾微生物群落组成的影响。结果表明, OTU聚类分析中优势菌群从属水平看为假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter)和热杀索丝菌属(Brochothrix)等, 其中假交替单胞菌属能够适应高盐浓度环境, 是中华管鞭虾微生物腐败主要致腐菌。贮藏中期微生物物种多样性顺序为3 kV组>2 kV组>对照组(0 kV), 电场能够有效抑制优势菌的生长; 贮藏末期3组物种结构相近, 此时电场对虾肉菌群结构无明显影响。PCoA主成分分析图中发现, 在坐标系中贮藏中期的G1、G2、G3组距离较为接近, 贮藏末期的G4、G5、G6组距离较为接近, 说明在同一贮藏期间的各组微生物种群结构类似。综上, 贮藏前中期低压静电场能够抑制优势菌的生长, 维持微生物物种间平衡并使其物种多样性较高, 且3kV更佳, 贮藏末期时由于优势菌更适应环境, 热杀索丝菌属和肉食杆菌属占比增加, 电场对物种多样性的影响不大。研究结果可为深入探讨影响中华管鞭虾贮藏保鲜效果的微生物群落组成和基础发育信息提供有效依据。 相似文献