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1.
胶东郭家岭岩体固结冷却轨迹与隆升剥蚀 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
胶东郭家岭岩体位于华北克拉通东南缘,其详细的冷却固结条件缺乏系统研究,而对岩体形成与金矿之间的关系也存在争议。本文利用岩浆锆饱和温度计、角闪石全铝压力计、角闪石-斜长石温度计、角闪石-黑云母温压计、二长石温度计,结合已有的锆石U-Pb年龄和角闪石、黑云母40Ar-39Ar同位素年龄,探讨郭家岭岩体的冷却固结史及其隆升机制。花岗岩QAb-Or标准矿物共结压力图解、角闪石全铝压力计及角闪石-黑云母压力计均得到岩体就位压力约4~5kbar。锆饱和温度计、角闪石-斜长石温度计、角闪石-黑云母温度计、二长石温度计所获得温度分别为726~800℃、657~717℃、650~700℃、570~580℃,结合角闪石、黑云母的40Ar-39Ar封闭温度确定了郭家岭岩体最有可能的冷却轨迹。郭家岭岩体(130~126Ma)侵位深度约13±1.6km,侵入郭家岭岩体的艾山岩体(116±2Ma)侵位压力在1kbar左右,对应深度约2.7km,表明郭家岭岩体在约10Myr内,隆升剥蚀量达10km左右。这种快速剥蚀的机制可能与华北东部中生代岩石圈减薄导致的地壳浅部隆升有关。 相似文献
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綦村岩体是冀南邯邢地区典型的中生代高镁闪长岩杂岩体,主要由斑状黑云母角闪闪长岩、角闪闪长岩、闪长岩、二长岩和少量辉长岩组成。对綦村斑状黑云母角闪闪长岩进行了较为详细的成因矿物学研究,探讨了其成因及其地质意义。研究发现,綦村斑状黑云母角闪闪长岩中的角闪石多为镁铝钙闪石和镁角闪石;黑云母主要为富镁黑云母;斜长石发育环带结构,核部以中长石和拉长石为主,边部多为更长石。角闪石矿物温压计估算结果显示,角闪石斑晶的形成温度为930~970 ℃,压力介于300~340 MPa之间,深度10~15 km,氧逸度为ΔNNO+0.1~+2.3,平衡熔融体中的水含量4.8%~5.5%;与黑云母平衡的角闪石形成温度为684~760 ℃,压力降低至42~61 MPa,熔体中水含量降至3.1%~4.3%,氧逸度为ΔNNO+0.7~+2.4。黑云母温度计和氧逸度计获得的结果与角闪石温压计估算结果一致。该结果表明,研究区高氧逸度的铁镁质岩浆在中地壳曾经驻留,并发生了以角闪石为主的结晶分异,富含挥发分的分异岩浆在后期快速侵位形成高镁闪长岩和矽卡岩型铁矿。 相似文献
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研究区内广泛出露的太古代岩石属于迁西群麻粒岩,包括麻粒岩、紫苏花岗岩、辉石-斜长片麻岩、角闪岩等。对这些岩石中辉石、角闪石、黑云母等矿物的研究结果表明,这些矿物具有明显的麻粒岩相成因特征,角闪石、黑云母同辉石等平衡共存。紫苏花岗岩中矿物除有序度增高外,其他特征与麻粒岩、片麻岩中的矿物相似。 根据矿物对地质温压计计算得到:本区第一期变质作用p-t条件为770-870℃,7.2-8.4k bar第二期为740-760℃,6.6-8.4k bar;矿物氧同位素温度为470-570℃,代表另一次程度较低的变质作用。 相似文献
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安徽金寨县沙坪沟钼矿成矿岩体矿物学特征及其成岩成矿意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
安徽金寨县沙坪沟钼矿成矿岩体主要包括二长花岗斑岩、正长斑岩及花岗斑岩,主要矿物组成为石英、钾长石、斜长石、黑云母。本文利用电子探针技术对主要矿物的矿物学特征进行了研究,结果表明,岩石中斜长石为钠长石;钾长石以条纹长石为主;黑云母属于镁质黑云母,富Mg、Al、K,贫Ca,MF值变化于0.65~0.72之间。黑云母化学成分显示本区岩体为I型花岗岩,属于造山带钙碱性花岗岩类,其成岩物质具壳幔混合的特点。黑云母矿物温压计计算结果显示,岩体固结温度约500~580℃,氧逸度变化范围是10-14~10-15.8,其含铁指数对寻找钼矿具较好的指示意义。 相似文献
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新疆北山盐滩断裂南一带从原划奥陶-志留系地层中解体出古老的角闪岩相-麻粒岩相变质岩和变质侵入岩体,主要岩性为黑云母斜长片麻岩、条带状混合岩、斜长角闪岩、及少量变粒岩、麻粒岩等。其中首次发现了代表中、下地壳深变质作用的中-高压基性麻粒岩。详细的野外调查、岩相学及矿物学研究表明,该基性麻粒岩主要由透辉石、紫苏辉石、褐色普通角闪石及拉长石组成。其演化经历了由麻粒岩相岩石经退变质反应而成为角闪岩相变质岩的过程。研究表明,该区麻粒岩中的单斜辉石及角闪石矿物学成因均属于变质成因,其中单斜辉石形成环境为高压型,而角闪石形成环境为中低压环境。麻粒岩相变质岩形成于约1.25GPa(42km埋深)以下的中高压-高压环境,其形成温度约841℃;而退变质作用下的角闪岩相变质岩应形成于650~657℃的温度范围之内,压力为0.460~0.495GPa之间,相应的代表埋深约为16.5km的中低压型环境。该区高级变质岩及其基性麻粒岩的发现,将对该区地壳成分、麻粒岩的成因与变质作用以及所处的大地构造背景演化等研究无疑将起到非常重要的作用。 相似文献
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赣中变质岩带变质带的重新划分及变质作用P-T条件的确定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据随变质作用增强而出现的特征变质矿物及矿物组合,对赣中变质岩带重新划分出五个变质带,由低到高依次为绢云母一绿泥石带、黑云母带、铁铝榴石带、十字石带、夕线石带。在对各变质带变质矿物进行详细研究的基础上,采用石榴石-黑云母(Gt-Bi)、斜长石-角闪石(Pl-Hb)、石榴石-十字石(Gt-St)、石榴石-角闪石(Gt-Hb)、石榴石-斜长石-夕线石-石英(Gt-Pl-Sil-Q)、石榴石-斜长石-黑云母-白云母(Gt-Pl-Bi-Mu)等多种地质温压计确定了各变质带的形成温度、压力,绢云母-绿泥石带的形成温度为250-350℃,压力为0.25-0.35GPa;黑云母带的形成温度为350-450℃±,压力为0.25-0.40GPa±;铁铝榴石带的形成温度为450-550℃±,压力为0.40～0.60GPa±;十字石带的形成温度为550-600℃±,压力为0.50-0.60GPa±;夕线石带的形成温度为600-650℃±,压力为0.55-0.65GPa±,赣中变质岩带峰期变质作用已达到角闪岩相。 相似文献
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胶西北郭家岭花岗闪长岩侵位深度:来自角闪石温压计和流体包裹体的证据 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
本文应用角闪石地质温压计和流体包裹体对胶东西北部与成矿关系密切的郭家岭花岗闪长岩结晶的温压条件、侵位深度进行了讨论。郭家岭花岗闪长岩的矿物组合为斜长石、角闪石、黑云母、石英、碱性长石、铁-钛氧化物、榍石和次生绿泥石,符合角闪石温压计的使用前提。应用角闪石-斜长石温度计和角闪石全铝压力计所获得的温压条件分别为,郭家岭岩体为694~733℃,1.3~2.4kbar,丛家岩体为702~719℃,2.4~3.9kbar,北截岩体为723~727℃,3.8~4.2kbar。未变形岩石的石英中含有5种类型包裹体,其中CO2-H2O-NaCl包裹体广泛分布,最具有代表性。由CO2-H2O-NaCl包裹体等容线相图计算的温压范围与岩石所获得的温压范围一致,表明角闪石温压计获得的结果是比较可信的。岩体的侵位深度变化较大,其中郭家岭岩体平均为6km,丛家岩体平均为10km,北截岩体平均为13km,显示从东到西侵位越来越深结晶温度越来越高的趋势。不同侵位深度的岩体同时出露到地表暗示了早白垩世以来胶东地区的剥蚀抬升速率可能是不均匀的,西部相对东部抬升更快剥蚀更多。 相似文献
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断裂带基性构造岩中的角闪石变形行为及变形过程中成分变化是研究断裂带变形环境及构造演化的重要手段,也是研究中地壳角闪质岩石流变学特征的重要依据。本文通过对洛南-栾川断裂带庙子构造剖面中基性糜棱岩和构造片岩中角闪石的变质变形分析研究表明角闪石的显微变形特征以膨凸式和亚颗粒式动态重结晶为主,其变形环境应为角闪岩相。探针成分分析显示角闪石全部为阳起石,具有明显的成分环带,角闪石Al2O3-Ti O2图解显示其核部成分偏壳幔混合,边部成分偏壳源;(Na+K)-Ti变异图显示其形成环境主要为角闪岩相,核部偏麻粒岩相,边部偏绿片岩相。与角闪石共生斜长石也具有明显的成分环带,残斑核部成分偏基性,边部及基质中新生斜长石成分偏酸性。用斜长石-角闪石实验地质温压计计算结果指示了核部温压为620~640℃,0.4~0.7GPa;幔部的温压为490~520℃,0.15~0.65GPa;边部的温压为465~482℃;0.5~0.8GPa。所以,庙子基性糜棱岩中角闪石的核部形成于相对较高温的深部环境;边部是在断裂带剪切作用下,产生塑性变形和退变质偏壳源成分的环带,反映出在活动过程中有一定的抬升。所以,由断裂带角闪石的变质变形分析可以揭示断裂带的构造活动过程以及温压环境,对研究造山带中断裂带的活动条件及演化有重要意义。 相似文献
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西藏曲水碰撞花岗岩的混合成因：来自成因矿物学证据 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
西藏曲水碰撞花岗岩地处冈底斯构造-岩浆带中部,呈东西向平行雅鲁藏布缝合带分布.该岩体以花岗闪长岩、石英闪长岩为主,其次为石英二长闪长岩.岩体内普遍发育微粒镁铁质包体.对花岗闪长岩、石英闪长岩及微粒镁铁质包体的成因矿物学研究结果显示：（1）斜长石发育环带且边缘和核部偏基性,幔部酸性;（2）斜长石斑晶边缘常含有角闪石、黑云母等暗色矿物包体;（3）钾长石X射线结构分析显示自核部向边缘温度呈现逐渐升高的特点;（4）长石矿物中普遍含有较高的Cr、Ni、Co元素,明显不同于壳熔花岗岩;（5）角闪石、黑云母矿物MgO含量高于典型壳熔花岗岩;（6）包体中发育针状磷灰石和角闪石,显示为岩浆淬冷的结果.上述特征不可能用正常岩浆分异作用来解释,而更可能是壳-幔岩浆混合作用的结果.采用矿物温压计所得到的结果也符合混合后的岩浆演化特征. 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
19.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
20.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献