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1.
综合应用高时空分辨率多源观测资料,分析了2019年7月3日下午辽宁开原EF4级强龙卷的天气形势、环境条件、对流触发、对流风暴演变特征和龙卷的形成与消亡机制。开原龙卷发生在东北冷涡西南侧500 hPa西北气流、850 hPa切变线、地面强西南暖湿气流中;除了对流层中下层相对湿度低、抬升凝结高度较高是开原龙卷的不利环境条件外,其他有利于强中气旋龙卷的环境条件都具备。但风廓线雷达观测和天气雷达观测的径向速度场显示0~1 km垂直风切变的增强具有中尺度特征,表明边界层强风与中层急流相耦合形成了非常有利于龙卷的垂直风切变条件。形成开原龙卷的直接系统是一孤立超级单体,具有典型的超级单体雷达回波特征、强中气旋和龙卷涡旋特征等;其由地面干线辐合线与东侧的阵风锋辐合线共同作用触发。该对流风暴前部产生的降水先使得开原及周边地区大气快速饱和、显著改善了大气低层湿度条件,当对流风暴后部钩状回波部分移动到该区域时,有利于其不太强的下沉气流产生强度适宜的冷池,加之边界层强暖湿气流入流、强低层和中层垂直风切变与强烈上升气流的共同作用,从而产生了该次开原龙卷。地面自动站观测温度分布表明,开原龙卷超级单体的冷池与环境大气温度差异在2~4℃时有利于龙卷形成,而当对流风暴的强下沉气流使冷池温差加大到7℃时,不利于近地面垂直涡度维持,导致龙卷消亡。  相似文献   

2.
2018年6月8日在距台风“艾云尼”中心80 km、160 km的广州市南沙区横沥镇、佛山市南海区大沥镇两地罕见地先后出现了龙卷天气。利用X波段双偏振雷达组网、广州S波段双偏振雷达、风廓线雷达和区域加密自动站等观测资料对两次近距离台风龙卷过程的环境条件和雷达特征进行了分析。环境条件分析表明,两次龙卷发生地位于低层西南急流和东南急流辐合区,所处环境为弱的对流有效位能(CAPE)、低的抬升凝结高度和强的低层垂直风切变环境中,0~1 km垂直风切变值超过15×10-3 s-1。中小尺度雷达特征分析表明:(1)两地龙卷由台风外围微型超级单体引起,超级单体在发展强盛阶段有钩状回波、入流缺口、中层回波悬垂等典型特征,最强反射率因子55~60 dBz,强度≥50 dBz强回波发展高度在4 km以下,微型超级单体有水平尺度2~3 km的中气旋,由于速度模糊影响,仅在南海龙卷发生前9 min广州S波段雷达能自动识别中气旋。(2)与南沙龙卷相联系的中气旋核心高度低,强度进一步加强紧缩导致龙卷发生;而与南海龙卷相联系的中气旋从中层发展,中气旋加强紧缩下降到更低导致龙卷发生。(3)两地弱龙卷发生时广州和南海双偏振雷达没能捕捉到龙卷碎片(TDS)特征,南海X波段雷达能提前30 min监测到入流急流,提前27 min探测出钩状回波等特征,并通过分析ZDR弧和KDP弧可判断低层强盛的上升气流和强的垂直风切变利于风暴的发展。(4)佛山四部X波段组网雷达反演的1 km水平风场可分析出小尺度涡旋结构,对应钩状回波尾端有强的风向切变,这对龙卷发生地点的判断和风暴的流场结构有较好指示意义。   相似文献   

3.
利用X波段双极化相控阵雷达等多源观测资料,分析了2022年6月19日早晨广东佛山超级单体龙卷的环境条件和对流风暴的结构及演变特征。龙卷母体风暴是在强西南季风天气背景下的一条东北-西南向飑线南端发展起来的。环境条件具备较大对流有效位能、低抬升凝结高度和强垂直风切变等有利于超级单体龙卷发生发展的热力和动力条件;低空风暴相对螺旋度、超级单体复合指数和强龙卷指数的显著增强对超级单体龙卷的发生有较好指示意义。具有高时空分辨率的佛山南海X波段双极化相控阵雷达探测到了龙卷母体微型超级单体的发展过程和龙卷涡旋的演变特征:对流单体在前侧低层入流的加强下逐渐形成钩状回波和反射率弱回波空洞;中气旋首先在2.5km附近高度形成后向低层伸展,随着后侧下沉气流的加强,低层涡旋旋转增强,当低层中气旋旋转速度超过22m·s-1(强中气旋)且直径紧缩至1.5km以内时,龙卷即将触地,龙卷涡旋特征(TVS)和龙卷碎片特征(TDS)出现是龙卷触地的主要特征,龙卷发生在反射率弱回波空洞、TVS和TDS附近。  相似文献   

4.
2013年3月20日广东东莞罕见龙卷冰雹特征及成因分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用常规观测、NCEP/NCAR再分析、多普勒天气雷达及自动气象站资料等,对2013年3月20日发生在东莞的一次罕见龙卷、冰雹等致灾性强对流天气过程进行分析。结果表明:1)龙卷过境时的单站气压、温度、风向风速与雷雨大风过境时明显不同,前者具有较典型的龙卷特征。2)华南地区高低空强的风随高度增大的垂直变化、上干下湿的位势不稳定层结以及低层高湿、增温为对流天气发展提供了有利的环境条件,冷空气南压和近地面边界层中小尺度辐合系统为其提供了触发机制。3)中等强度的对流有效位能(CAPE)、强的0-6 km深层垂直风切变以及较强的0-1 km低层垂直风切变为龙卷产生提供了可能性。4)龙卷、冰雹强对流风暴的发展加强与近地面边界层中小尺度辐合系统加强有密切关系。5)同时出现冰雹、大风、龙卷时,最强回波为72 dBz;龙卷出现在超级单体的钩状回波附近,更靠近后侧V形缺口;多时次观测到三体散射(TBSS)回波,与降雹对应;反射率垂直剖面图上可见明显的低层弱回波区、中高层回波悬垂,有界弱回波区(BWER)先于龙卷20多分钟出现。径向速度图上,龙卷出现时超级单体风暴同时具有龙卷涡旋特征(TVS)和中气旋特征。  相似文献   

5.
广东两次台风龙卷的环境背景和雷达回波对比   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
利用常规气象观测、广州多普勒天气雷达及NCEP/NCAR再分析等资料对比广东省佛山市2015年10月4日EF3级和2006年8月4日EF2级台风外围强龙卷过程。结果表明:两次强龙卷都发生在登陆台风的东北象限,低层辐合、高层辐散及中低空强劲东南急流在珠江三角洲叠加是其产生的相似环境背景。环境参数均表现为较小的对流有效位能、低的对流抑制与抬升凝结高度、强的垂直风切变和大的风暴相对螺旋度。两个龙卷母体均为微型超级单体,前者雷达回波强度更强,钩状回波特征更明显;都存在强中气旋和龙卷涡旋特征(TVS),中气旋都在中低层形成后,向更低层发展最终导致龙卷。TVS比龙卷触地提前1个体扫出现,或与龙卷触地同时发生,中气旋和TVS的底高和顶高均很低。但两次龙卷触地前后,前者中气旋和TVS的底高和顶高出现突降现象,而后者中气旋和TVS的底高和顶高一直维持较低高度。龙卷触地前后,两者风暴单体的最强切变均出现剧增现象,但前者TVS的最强切变更强,比后者大1倍以上。  相似文献   

6.
利用多普勒雷达观测资料,结合NCEP FNL 1.0°×1.0°再分析资料、探空资料,对2017年8月11日内蒙古赤峰市龙卷进行了分析。分析表明:(1)大尺度环境场提供了上干下湿不稳定层结条件,切变线和地面干线为对流触发条件;对流有效位能超过2 000 J/kg,抬升凝结高度低于1 km,低层垂直风切变10×10~(-3)s~(-1),为龙卷发生提供了有利条件。(2)发生龙卷的超级单体风暴低层有明显的钩状回波,弱回波区及与之对应的前侧V型缺口及后侧V型缺口特征;雷达距离龙卷发生地超过100 km,未识别出龙卷涡旋特征,但识别出了三维相关切变和中气旋,中气旋最大转动速度达到了18 m/s,为中到强等级的中气旋。(3)产生龙卷的超级单体风暴最大反射率因子在60 d BZ左右,而且在龙卷发生前基于单体的垂直累积液态水和风暴顶高有明显的跃增。(4)龙卷接地前,对应的中气旋顶高≤6 km,切变≥15×10~(-3)s~(-1)。  相似文献   

7.
王铁岩 《吉林气象》2013,(1):14-19,24
通过分析2012年6月12日和7月1日发生在白城市境内的强对流天气的环境背景和多普勒雷达资料、探空资料表明:两次强对流发生前,强对流发生地附近低层垂直风切变较大,抬升凝结高度较低,空气湿度较大,对流有效位能(CAPE)较大。雷达资料显示:两次强对流天气中,产生强对流天气的雷达回波强度均超过45dBz,且存在明显的“钩”状,强天气产生在“钩状”回波附近,回波具有“WER”或“BWER”结构。冰雹和短时强降水回波均具有较大的VIL值,速度场上存在“逆风区”或“中气旋”。不同之处是产生冰雹的强回波高度超过一20℃等温线高度,一般强回波高度超过8km,产生短时强降水的强回波高度较低,一般在6km左右处,,产生龙卷的强回波VIL没有冰雹和短时强降水大,两次龙卷过程的母体虽然回波形态、强度和高度各异,但均具有“钩状”回波结构,且速度场都存在中气旋。另外,雷达导出产品中的中气旋识别产品对强对流天气的监测有重要的应用价值,尤其是TVS识别对龙卷发生有一定指示意义,雷达超前于龙卷发生约半小时识别出中气旋,这对龙卷的预警非常有意义。  相似文献   

8.
本文利用新一代多普勒天气雷达资料、逐5分钟自动站资料、常规观测和NCEP(1°×1°)再分析资料等,对2021年6月25日发生在内蒙古太仆寺旗的一次强龙卷过程进行分析研究。结果表明,龙卷发生在前倾槽背景下,出现在低层的西南气流当中。龙卷发生的环境场特征为上干冷下暖湿的不稳定大气层结;地面辐合线及干线为强对流提供了触发条件;低抬升凝结高度、强低层垂直风切变和大的对流有效位能为龙卷提供了有利条件。此次龙卷过程由多个超级单体风暴相互作用造成的,雷达回波资料分析显示超级单体出现明显的钩状回波,“V”型缺口,回波悬垂、旁瓣回波的特征,雷达距离龙卷发生地超过100 km,未识别出龙卷涡旋特征,但识别出了中气旋,中气旋最大转动速度达到了15 m/s,为弱到中等中气旋;龙卷发生前基于单体的垂直累积液态水和最大反射率回波顶高有明显的跃增。  相似文献   

9.
1804号台风“艾云尼”龙卷分析   总被引:13,自引:5,他引:8  
2018年6月8日,在1804号台风“艾云尼”螺旋雨带中发生了两次陆龙卷天气,分别袭击了广州市南沙区横沥镇和佛山市南海区大沥镇。利用广州CINRAD/SA多普勒天气雷达、佛山CINRAD/XD多普勒天气雷达、5 min间隔的地面自动气象站和MICAPS等资料,研究了两次陆龙卷的天气背景、环境参数和龙卷风暴中尺度结构特征。结果表明:广州南沙龙卷为台风环流外围龙卷,位于台风中心的东北象限,强度为EF3级;佛山南海龙卷为台风环流内部龙卷,位于台风中心的东侧,强度为EF1级。龙卷均发生在中低空强东南急流在珠江口附近上下叠加和高层辐散的有利大尺度环流背景下。环境条件表现为较强的低层风垂直切变和较大的风暴相对螺旋度(SRH)、较小的对流有效位能(CAPE)和对流抑制能量(CIN)、极低的抬升凝结高度(LCL);地面存在中尺度辐合线和小尺度涡旋。广州S波段雷达探测到两次龙卷母风暴的低层钩状回波和入流缺口回波特征及低层中等强度中气旋,龙卷出现在钩状回波顶端、中气旋中心附近。佛山X波段双偏振雷达清晰地探测到佛山南海区大沥龙卷的微型超级单体和龙卷碎片特征(TDS)。   相似文献   

10.
利用常规观测、自动气象站、多普勒雷达等资料分析珠江三角洲台风龙卷的活动特征及其产生的环境条件。结果表明:台风龙卷发生在6—10月,时间多为10—20时,出现在台风登陆后1.3~21.3 h的时段内;多数龙卷位于台风中心的东北象限,台风中心在广东湛江一广西东南部或北部湾附近时是珠江三角洲龙卷发生的高风险期。高层辐散、低层辐合及中低空强东南急流在珠江口附近叠加是龙卷产生的有利环流背景。强或弱龙卷环境条件的共同特征为低抬升凝结高度、强深层和低层垂直风切变及较大风暴相对螺旋度(SRH),主要差异是强龙卷的深层和低层垂直风切变与SRH更大;相似台风路径下,有/无龙卷环境条件的明显差异在于0~1 km低层垂直风切变和SRH,两值越大出现超级单体或中气旋的可能性越大,龙卷发生概率也就越高。台风龙卷风暴母体属于低质心的微型超级单体风暴;低层有强或中等强度中气旋,有时强中气旋中心伴有龙卷涡旋特征(TVS);龙卷出现在钩状回波顶端或TVS附近。与西风带超级单体龙卷相比,台风龙卷中气旋的尺度更小、垂直伸展高度更低。  相似文献   

11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

12.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

15.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

16.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project)数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。  相似文献   

17.
正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any  相似文献   

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19.
Index to Vol.31     
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;  相似文献   

20.
正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.  相似文献   

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