共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
2.
在弯道水槽中展开系列试验,研究水力冲刷过程中非粘性岸坡冲刷崩塌与河床冲淤交互作用过程及其影响因素,进一步分析塌岸淤床泥沙贡献率。试验成果表明,水流冲刷过程中岸坡破坏是水流淘刷岸坡坡脚、岸坡崩塌及崩塌体淤积坡脚并在河床上输移掺混的交互作用反复循环过程。塌岸淤床模式及掺混程度与近岸流速、主流贴岸程度、水位及河床边界条件等关系密切。近岸流速越大、水位越高,岸坡总冲刷坍塌量、河床总淤积量以及河床累计淤积率也越大,稳定后的岸坡越趋平缓;河床可动程度越大,岸坡总冲刷坍塌量及其在河床上的总淤积量也越大,但河床累计淤积率却越小;水位越高,在弯道段等横向输沙强度较大的地方,岸坡冲刷崩塌体与河床发生掺混的程度也越大。 相似文献
3.
以指南村崩岸段岸坡为研究对象,通过实地调查开展地质钻探工作,获取岸坡土体的物理力学参数,并基于饱和-非饱和土渗流理论、非饱和土抗剪强度理论及极限平衡法,研究江水水位变动过程中二元结构岸坡稳定性的变化。结果表明:(1)岸坡土体为二元结构,上层为粉质黏土,下层为粉砂,粉砂层厚度较大且透水性较好,为地下水流动提供良好环境。(2)水位变动引起的饱和-非饱和土渗流对于岸坡稳定性有明显影响,岸坡稳定性在涨水期随水位上升而增大,在退水期随水位下降而减小。退水期安全系数明显低于相同条件下涨水期和洪水期,即水位降落导致岸坡稳定性降低,极易发生岸坡崩塌。(3)水位上升速度越快,岸坡安全系数最大值越大,即岸坡在水位骤涨时更加稳定;水位下降速度越快,岸坡安全系数的最小值越小,即岸坡在水位骤降时更容易发生失稳崩塌。 相似文献
4.
新疆伊犁河流域水库大坝下游岸坡常具黄土-砂卵砾石二元结构地层组合,成为水库渗漏潜在隐伏结构。随着伊犁河流域水利水电工程建设开发力度的加大,该地层组合中显现出的渗漏和岸坡稳定性等工程地质问题也逐渐增多,有必要对该方面进行研究和总结。本文以斯木塔斯水电站、巴喀勒克水库为例,对其坝下游岸坡稳定性开展运行期的地质调查,并结合研究区地质背景,基本查明研究区坝下游岸坡二元结构地层组合系控制水库渗漏的主要模式。局部在黄土层底部发育软弱结构面,成为控制坝下游岸坡稳定性的主要因素。 相似文献
5.
三峡工程水库运营中,库水位在145～175 m间周期性变化必将引起岸坡地下水位的波动,从而导致岸坡稳定性的响应变化。为此,根据布辛涅斯克非稳定渗流微分方程,采用多项式拟合初始浸润线,求得了库水位匀速下降和定幅度下降时岸坡的浸润线方程;在运用剩余推力法求解岸坡稳定性时考虑了对应的渗透力。以千将坪滑坡北东侧的红层岸坡为实例,分别考虑库水位由156 m匀速下降至145 m和库水位由156 m定幅度下降时岸坡的稳定性。结果表明：库水位以不同速度匀速下降时,降速越大,稳定性系数下降速率越大;地下水的时间滞后效应随降速的增大而明显延迟,但随着库水位的下降,滞后效应将达到一个最大值;库水位定幅度下降时,降幅与岸坡稳定性系数关系曲线呈现下降速率不同的3段;对于千将坪滑坡北东侧的红层岸坡在库水位匀速下降时,其临界降速为1.2 m/d,在库水位定幅度下降时,其临界单次降幅不超过6.0 m。研究结果对三峡工程库区类似岸坡地质灾害预警预报具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
6.
剪刀峰岸坡位于三峡库区巫山县巫峡左岸,全长2.1 km。受北侧神女峰箱状背斜及南侧神女溪—官渡口向斜影响,岸坡为陡倾顺层岩质岸坡。岸坡坡度45°～89°,整体为陡坡与的陡崖复合地貌;岸坡出露的第四系地层主要为崩坡积碎块石土,出露的基岩含三叠系大冶组三段、四段及嘉陵江组一段至四段地层,地层多元化;岩组类别主要为大冶组及嘉陵江组碳酸盐溶岩组成的坚硬岩组及嘉陵江组二段岩溶角砾岩组成的较软岩组;岩体结构从极薄层至巨厚层状,岸坡地形、地层、岩组及结构复杂。岸坡上游至下游,2.1 km范围内,坡体结构变化大,岸坡变形破坏特征差异大,成因机制及破坏模差异大。根据岸坡不同的地质条件及特征,划分为6个大段、6个亚段。研究从岸坡宏观变形、破坏特征出发,将岸坡目前的变形、破坏总结为“构造切割及卸荷”“局部压裂、滑移”“地表溶蚀”“消落区岩体劣化”四个方面,并从岸坡成因机制上分析了各段的破坏模式。此外,本次研究还分析了库水位以上岸坡及库水位消落区的岩体劣化特征,从岩体劣化的角度提出了沿层面渐进式松脱滑移、沿软弱夹层溃屈滑移、沿“X型”节理滑移、沿层面倾倒溃屈四种岩体劣化及破坏类型。 相似文献
7.
长江九江决口的工程地质问题及防治对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文较详细地分析了长江九江段决堤的外部因素和内在原因,认为凹岸部位江流的顶冲和弯曲河道向环流的侧蚀,是决口的外部因素,大量软弱透水地层的存在,是决口的工程地质因素;人工拦江筑坝的阻水效应,加剧了江水对软弱堤基的淘刷,加大了侧向渗透压力,堤内粘土地层复盖浅薄处是管涌的突破口,防洪墙未作基础处理终于酿成了决口的发生,从而提出了５防治对策;进行系统工程地质勘查,采用地下连续加固基础,截弯取直,拆除人工石 相似文献
8.
利用研究区物探处理解释资料及海底表层、钻探地质取样等综合地质调查资料,分析广西北海近海区域工程地质主要特征,并针对土层稳定性、砂土液化及地层承载力问题进行探讨。结果揭示：该区海洋工程地质环境复杂、多样;近岸海底地形起伏较大,坡降可达28‰;地貌类型主要包括潮间浅滩、水下三角洲、水下岸坡、古滨海平原、海底平原;地质灾害因素包括断层、地震、沙波、浅层气、浅埋基岩、埋藏古河道、槽沟、水下浅滩及凸地等;海底有9种土质类型,其中淤泥、粉砂混淤泥、中砂、粗砂分布较为广泛,区域垂向土层可整体划分为4个工程地质层。通过评价后得出研究区黏性土整体稳定性较好,而砂性土在极限波浪作用或强震作用下可能发生大面积液化现象。结合近海一般用桩情况,计算出第二、四工程地质层的承载力值相对较大,可作为区域类似插桩较好的持力层,40 m以内半径0.7 m单桩的极限承载力达26 822 kN 相似文献
9.
福州市地铁一号线需穿越江心小岛,并在岛上设置盾构换刀区,换刀区域开挖面需稳定性加固。开挖面上部为中细砂层,透水性强,稳定性差。设计采用MJS工法,加固兼止水,成桩直径≥2200 mm,搭接700 mm。岛上5.6 m以浅为杂填土层,向下依次为淤泥、中砂、细砂层, MJS钻杆成孔难度大,抱钻杆及埋钻杆的风险极大。大功率顶驱钻机采用双管钻进轻松穿过回填层和砂层,在砂层中留置一定深度的外套管兼作护套管,可以起到一定的防塌孔功能,成功解决了复杂地层用MJS工法施工的引孔难题。 相似文献
10.
非饱和-非稳定渗流条件下的边坡临界滑动场 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
受季节性降雨或水库运行的影响,岸坡外水位及坡内孔隙水压力场的变化较大,不利于岸坡的稳定性。在水位变化过程中,利用非饱和-非稳定渗流有限元计算得到孔隙水压力场,基于非饱和土的渗流和抗剪强度理论,对水位变化过程中的边坡临界滑动场法进行改进,提出可考虑水位变化与岸坡非饱和-非稳定渗流过程的边坡临界滑动场数值模拟方法。将改进后的水位变化过程中的边坡临界滑动场法分别应用于黏土、粉土岸坡在水位升降过程中的稳定性分析,研究了水位升降速率及基质吸力对岸坡稳定性的影响,并揭示了边坡在水位变化过程中的稳定性变化历程。研究表明,该方法计算结果合理、可靠,更适用于涉水边坡的稳定性计算,且岸坡稳定性变化历程受水位升降速率、基质吸力等多种因素共同影响,只有在考虑非稳定渗流的基础上同时考虑基质吸力的作用才能正确得出水位变化过程中岸坡稳定性变化规律和实质。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
13.
14.
Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
15.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
18.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
19.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
20.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献