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1.
济南苏家庄铁矿矿区地面塌陷成因分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在对济南苏家庄铁矿矿区地质环境条件、矿山开采现状调查基础上,基于地面塌陷 特征及成因分析,从矿山地球物理特征、井巷工程、地下水水位、矿体及围岩工程地质性质 等因素出发,论证了矿区塌陷的成因。调查研究表明,在200 m的瞬变电磁法探测深度范围 内视电阻率等值线水平变化相对平缓,采空区未见明显的采空区分布异常;采空区总体积仅约9 218 m3,远小于矿坑塌陷坑总体积58 665.8 m3;竖井与塌陷坑、塌陷坑与采空区水位高差巨大且稳定,达到了58.93～64.11 m;矿井巷道闪长岩、灰岩及大理岩围岩整体性好,力学强度高,因此由采空塌陷造成的地面塌陷可能性很小。在此基础上,结合矿区地形地貌、地层结构、松散盖层、动力条件及矿坑排水等因素综合分析,认为该矿区的地面塌陷是由矿山开采过程中长期排水所引起。 相似文献
2.
矿坑排水与岩溶地面塌陷的关系 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
浙江省某岩溶矿区南部洼地先后发生6处地面塌陷,引发了当地居民的恐慌。矿区排水是唯一地下水开采活动,为分析塌陷区与矿区之间的水力联系,遂在研究区全面布置地下水监测系统。通过对比分析观测水位、矿坑排水量及当地降雨量数据,探讨地面塌陷与矿区排水之间的关系及其潜在成因。研究表明,研究区岩溶地下水动态变化整体保持一致,受降雨、矿坑排水等综合因素影响。北部矿区和南部洼地存在岩溶连通管道,两者在雨季水力联系微弱、旱季水力联系密切。经长期径流潜蚀作用,〖JP2〗导致区内地面塌陷区灰岩顶板岩溶发育处上覆土层出现土洞,当矿区排水量急剧增大时,南部洼地岩溶水位大幅度下降,使得土洞中出现负压、上覆土层所受浮托力降低、孔隙水与岩溶水补排关系改变,在多种效应共同作用下,土洞最终形成地面塌陷。 相似文献
3.
矿山疏干排水引起岩溶地区致塌机理分析与预测——以平顶山矿区七矿及附近区域为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在分析平顶山矿区水文地质背景和岩溶发育状况以及各岩溶含水层的水力联系基础上,引入岩溶致塌机理确立了岩溶塌陷的判定准则,得出了岩溶塌陷地区的疏干警戒水位公式,从定量上论证煤矿开采疏干排水是该区岩溶致塌的关键因素,当水位下降幅度达到2．52～8．03m时,平顶山七矿及附近区域容易产生岩溶塌陷,同时指出岩溶稳定系数K=1时,是临界危险警戒的地下水降深。 相似文献
4.
佛山市南海区大沥镇黄岐海北片区地处珠江三角洲北部广花盆地边缘地带,第四纪软土、砂土以及隐伏岩溶发育,早期因区内人类工程活动强烈,诱发了群发性岩溶地面塌陷。文章在分析地质环境概况的基础上,研究了区内岩溶地面塌陷的发育特征和成因机理,认为溶洞土洞发育是先决条件,导水断裂发育是必要条件,因施工引发的地下水位下降是主要触发因素,F1断裂带附近仍具备发生岩溶塌陷的可能性,控制地下水水位标高在?3.0 m以内,地下水水位波动范围在1.5 m以内,可以大幅度降低岩溶塌陷发生概率,可以以此作为预警报警阈值。研究结果可以为佛山市城镇化建设过程中岩溶地面塌陷防治提供依据,也可以为其他类似地区防灾减灾提供借鉴。 相似文献
5.
煤矿开采不当会对水资源与水环境造成破坏,尤其在生态环境相对脆弱地区更是如此。针对目前矿井涌水量预测大多以单一工作面或煤矿为评价单元,对沟域内煤矿群同时长期开采的地下水环境影响重视不够。选择头道河则沟域为研究区,以地下水勘查、井田勘探资料为依据,构建了头道河则完整沟域的地下水三维非稳定流数值模型,根据地下水、地表水监测数据和煤矿群开采涌水量的长观资料进行模型的识别与验证,以9#煤矿为典型矿区,分析综采和条带充填2种不同开采方式下矿井涌水量及其对水环境的影响。研究结果表明：(1)综采状态下,矿井涌水量增加0.70×104 m3/d,导致地下水溢出量减少0.20×104 m3/d,引发矿区及区域地下水水位下降0.21～17.92 m;条带充填开采状态下,矿井涌水量增加0.11×104 m3/d,导致地下水溢出量减少0.04×104 m3/d,引发矿区及区域地下水水位下降0.01～0.44 m。(2)煤矿按综采方式开采,... 相似文献
6.
在分析甘肃某矿区的水文地质条件基础上,建立了研究区水文地质概念模型,运用国际的可视化标准软件 Visual Modflow 对研究区地下水进行了数值模拟计算,预测了区内地下水水位随时间缓慢上升,地下水处于微弱正均衡状态,地下水位将以高于1 m幅度升降,极限水位是1.6 m,矿区地下水水位边界线将向东南侧(厂址范围)移动约214 m,距离厂址范围边界最近287 m,地下水水位上升后对拟建厂址范围内项目建设无安全影响,同时为今后研究矿区地下水资源的合理开发利用、矿区建设及环境保护等提供了科学依据. 相似文献
7.
水库运行容易在库区诱发滑坡、岩溶塌陷等地质灾害。通过水库运行的安全调度,可有效减少库区地质灾害的发生。本文以在建的大藤峡水库武宣防护区为例,分析计算了岩溶塌陷预防的安全调度水位、排蓄水速度;并根据现场调查,查明了研究区岩溶塌陷发育的地质背景和发育现状,建立了岩溶塌陷发育机理模式。为了分析水库运行改变地下水动力条件对岩溶塌陷发育的影响,运用Modflow软件,建立研究区数值模拟模型,通过数值模拟运算,预测了大藤峡水库不同蓄水水位引起的地下水位变化,以及不同排蓄水速度引起的地下水流速变化;探讨了包气带、潜水层和承压水层区域岩溶塌陷发育的可能性。结果表明:研究区岩溶塌陷预防的水库安全水位高程为51～62 m,蓄水水位安全上升速度为0～1.0 m·d-1和排水水位安全下降速度为0~3.0 m·d-1。 相似文献
8.
我国蒙东地区生态环境脆弱,水资源匮乏,露天煤矿高强度开采引起地下水系统的补、径、排条件发生剧烈变化,导致松散层水位大幅下降、地表河流流量衰减、生态环境破坏。为揭示生态脆弱露天矿区在截水帷幕下的松散层水位演化规律,分析生态脆弱露天矿区地下水分布特征和采动对松散层水位的影响,开展截水帷幕下的松散层水位理论计算和物理模拟试验,结合现场监测数据分析截水帷幕下内蒙古扎尼河露天煤矿、元宝山露天煤矿松散层水位演化规律。结果表明:生态脆弱露天矿区松散层渗透系数大、水位埋藏浅;露天开采对矿区松散层水位影响巨大,矿区周边数千米范围内的松散层水位下降数米到数十米;理论计算和物理模拟发现,截水帷幕外侧松散层水位抬升幅度与帷幕长度呈正相关关系;远离帷幕的水位变化速率较为平稳,靠近帷幕附近的水位变化相对剧烈;扎尼河和元宝山露天煤矿现场监测结果显示,帷幕外侧松散层水位升高3.43~9.12 m,帷幕内侧水位降低3.21~10.15 m,外侧水位抬升幅度与截水帷幕完成率成正比。截水帷幕作用下的松散层水位理论计算和物理模拟结果可指导现场工程应用,截水帷幕能够显著抬升生态脆弱露天矿区周边松散层水位,保护矿区松散层水资源。 相似文献
9.
简述高山矿区的地质特征、水文地质及工程地质特征,指出目前该矿区产生的主要地质环境问题表现为煤矿开采引起地面塌陷和地裂缝、地下水水位下降及煤矸石不合理堆放而造成的土壤、水质污染等.笔者认为,矿山环境保护法律不健全、地方矿政管理格局混乱、群众缺乏环保忧患意识是导致以上地质环境问题的主要因素.作者结合当地实际情况,提出了一些... 相似文献
10.
广州金沙洲岩溶地面塌陷地质灾害成因分析 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
广州金沙洲是岩溶地面塌陷危害较严重的地区之一,至目前已发生塌陷24个,主要集中分布在某高铁隧道两侧,与隧道垂直距离小于400 m;塌陷的形成与发展与金沙洲地质环境条件脆弱、高铁隧道施工抽排地下水有很大的关系。调查表明,金沙洲北东向断裂构造发育,隐伏灰岩见洞率60 %～76.9 %,线岩溶率最大达52.58 %,部分地段灰岩上覆土体厚度小于15 m。金沙洲某高铁隧道施工期间多个时段排水强烈,排水量达2 000～3 000 m 3 /d,导致地下水位剧烈波动,并引发了20多个岩溶地面塌陷,而在隧道施工之前及在隧道施工不抽排水的个别时段,区内均无塌陷发生。上述岩溶塌陷发育特征表明,脆弱的地质环境条件是金沙洲岩溶地面塌陷的内在因素,而高铁隧道施工抽排地下水则是岩溶地面塌陷的直接诱发因素。 相似文献
11.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
12.
Xiaoyu ZHAO Wuyi WANG Hairong LI Fujian FENG Lizhen WANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):80-81
Brick-tea-type fluorosis is a peculiar endemic disease in China, which had been discovered in minority areas of western China since 1980, and distributed mainly in Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Qinghai and parts of Sichuan Province. The prevalence rate of fluorosis in Tibetan and Mongolian nationality people was higher. Epidemiological investigation showed that fluorosis morbidity and degrees were different in different brick-tea drinking areas, and it was probably caused by drinking various kinds of brick tea from different regions. Therefore, we collected 33 samples of brick tea from six provinces where minority nationalities were accustomed to drinking a large quantity of brick tea. F concentrations were determined by the combustion hydrolysis-ion selective electrode method. The results showed that among the brick teas, the F concentrations ranged from the minimum 74.1 mg/kg in Yunnan Province to the maximum 991.2 mg/kg in Sichuan Province. Besides, there was a great difference among the various kinds of brick tea, and F concentrations decreased in the order of Kang brick tea, Green brick tea, Black brick tea, Mi brick tea, Fu brick tea, Chitsu ping tea, Puerh tea, and Tuo tea. The average F concentration in brick teas was 431.92 mg/kg. 相似文献
13.
Joseph Clancy White 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1993,113(4):524-532
The textural relationships and structural states of optically isotropic labradorite from the Manicouagan, Quebec, impact structure have been examined by light (optical) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopy. Two distinct diaplectic glasses have been recognized based on their contrasting morphology, timing and the inferred modes of formation. The earliest isotropic bands and grain-scale isotropism (maskelynite) optically exhibit a gradational,in situ transformation from crystalline plagioclase with preservation of relict textures (twins, grain boundaries). The same transformation from crystalline to amorphous structure is observed in TEM to occur heterogeneously at scales on the order of the unit cell. The progressive transformation of optical properties reflects an increase in the volume fraction and eventual coalescence of these amorphous units. This maskelynite-type diaplectic glass is interpreted to form in the solid-state directly from crystalline material during the compressional phase of the shock wave. The other isotropic material occurs in spatially discrete tensiongashes and planar deformation features (PDFs) that overprint the maskelynite-type glass. This second type of diaplectic glass (PDF-type) is developed homogeneously within a given glass band and exhibits sharp crystal-glass boundaries, in contrast to the gradational boundaries of the maskelynite-type glass. PDF-type glass is interpreted to form by melting in tensional release zones during passage of the rarefaction wave. These observations emphasize the ability of naturally shocked rocks to preserve subtle evidence of variations in the shock process from highly transient events. 相似文献
14.
A catastrophic rockslide-debris flow in Wulong, Chongqing, China in 2009: background, characterization, and causes 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
Qiang Xu Xuanmei Fan Runqiu Huang Yueping Yin Shengshan Hou Xiujun Dong Minggao Tang 《Landslides》2010,7(1):75-87
On June 5, 2009, a catastrophic rockslide-debris flow occurred at the crest of the Jiweishan Mountain in Wulong, Chongqing,
China. Approximately five million cubic meters of limestone blocks slid along a weak interlayer of bituminous and carbonaceous
shale. The source mass descended from the upper part of the slope rapidly, crossing a 200-m wide and 50-m deep creek in front
of it. Blocked by the opposite steep creek wall, the sliding mass changed its direction and traveled a further 2.2 km along
the creek in debris-flow mode, finally forming a large accumulation zone with an average depth of 30 m. This is one of the
most catastrophic rockslide events in recent years in China. It buried 12 houses and the entrance of an iron mining tunnel
where some 27 miners were working inside. Ten people died, 64 missing, and eight wounded. Immediately after this disaster
happened, the government organized an expert team to assist the rescue work. As one of the geological experts, the author
did a lot of field investigations and collected first-hand information. Multi-methods including the remote sensing, 3D laser
scanning, geophysical exploration, and numerical modeling were used for analyzing the characteristics and the triggering mechanism
of the Wulong rockslide. The preliminary investigation results reveal that this rockslide with poor geological conditions
was mainly induced by the gravitation and the karst effect and also affected by the previous mining activities. The research
in this paper is meaningful and useful for further research on such kind of rockslides that are geologically similar to the
Wulong rockslide. 相似文献
15.
16.
日本北海道音调津的球状石墨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电镜等手段对日本北海道音调津球状石墨的成因、结构等进行研究,认为日本北海道音调津球状石墨中除了石墨外,还存在镍黄铁矿﹑黄铜矿﹑磁黄铁矿等金属硫化物矿物。通过透射电子显微镜观察发现音调津石墨中大部分是椭圆状石墨颗粒,高分辨晶格条纹主要是非晶态结构,但是同时也发现了结晶良好的石墨。高结晶度石墨的存在可能是在硫化物Fe-Ni-Cu的触媒作用下形成的。天然球状石墨的微结构和性状研究对天然石墨的形成和开发应用有重要意义,对新型碳材料的制备技术有重要科学意义。 相似文献
17.
夏季长江河口潮间带反硝化作用和N2O的排放与吸收 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
采用培养箱乙炔抑制和现场静态箱法,于夏季(7月)在长江河口潮滩潮间带进行了采样,研究表明,长江河口潮滩水体自身N2O产生速率很低,在潮汐淹没期沉积物是上覆水体N2O的来源,其来自沉积物中反硝化、硝化等氮素循环的多个反应过程,沉积物中N2O自然产生速率在0.10～8.50μmol/(m2·h)之间,反硝化速率在21.91～35.87μmol/(m2·h)之间。退潮出露期中潮滩是大气N2O的排放源犤交换速率在-11.03～13.17μmol/(m2·h)之间犦,5～10cm地温是影响N2O排放速率的显著性因素;低潮滩-大气界面N2O排放、吸收速率在-5.75～0.49μmol/(m2·h)之间。总体上看,中潮滩是大气N2O的排放源;而低潮滩对大气N2O有明显的吸收作用。潮滩植被(海三棱草和底栖藻类)的光合作用明显抑制了N2O的排放并可能导致吸收,而其呼吸作用则增加了N2O的排放,潮间带-大气界面N2O的排放和吸收与CO2的排放、吸收有显著的正相关关系。 相似文献
18.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
19.
《Geoforum》2017
This article advances critical geographies of youth through examining the spatiality implicit in the imagined futures of young women in rural India. Geographers and other scholars of youth have begun to pay more attention to the interplay between young people’s past, present, and imagined futures. Within this emerging body of scholarship the role of the family and peer group in influencing young people’s orientations toward the future remain underexamined. Drawing on eleven months of ethnographic fieldwork, my research focuses on a first generation of college-going young women from socioeconomically marginalized backgrounds in India’s westernmost state of Gujarat. I draw on the “possible selves” theoretical construct in order to deploy a flexible conceptual framework that links imagined post-educational trajectories with motivation to act in the present. In tracing the physical movement of these young women as they navigate and complete college, my analysis highlights the ways in which particular kinds of spaces and spatial arrangements facilitate and limit intra- and inter-generational contact, and the extent to which this affects young women’s conceptions of the future. I conclude by considering the wider implications of my research for ongoing debates surrounding youth transitions, relational geographies of age, and education in the Global South. 相似文献
20.
捕虏体麻粒岩是了解下地壳形成和演化的重要样品。汉诺坝新生代玄武岩中的二辉麻粒岩捕虏体样品中富含各种硫化物相,主要类型有:①孤立产出的球状出溶硫化物;②矿物颗粒之间或颗粒内的粗晶硫化物;③次生硫化物包裹体群;④裂隙充填硫化物。电子探针分析表明,硫化物的矿物成分均为贫镍磁黄铁矿,(Ni+Co+Cu)/Fe(原子比)远小于0.2;(Fe+Cu+Co+Ni)/S(原子比)比地幔岩的磁黄铁矿小,多小于0.875,反映了一种S过饱和环境。各种产状的磁黄铁矿中Au、Ag都有一定的含量,其平均值分别为0.19%～0.22%(Au)、0.01%～0.02%(Ag),反映下地壳的麻粒岩化与金矿化的成因联系。磁黄铁矿的Ni、Co、Cu含量与S正相关,说明微量重金属元素与S具有同源的关系,由于地幔去气伴随S而进入下地壳。 相似文献