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1.
一次暴雨与特大暴雪并存的华北强降水过程分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对2012年11月3—4日华北地区产生大范围雨雪天气的成因和降水相态进行分析。结果表明:深厚的低涡和地面气旋是本次过程的直接影响系统,东南风低空急流带来东部海上的充沛水汽,使得暴雨雪区整层大气可降水量远高于当月平均值;低涡和气旋等低层辐合系统与高空辐散叠置,为强雨雪天气提供了持久强烈的上升运动,暴雨区、暴雪区分别为对流不稳定、条件性对称不稳定大气层结,而锋生作用更有利于暴雪产生;雪花形成和增长的环境条件与雪花下降过程是否融化在判断降水相态方面同等重要,二者兼具才能保证地面降雪的出现。 相似文献
2.
2008年初南方雨雪冰冻灾害天气静止锋与层结结构分析 总被引：32，自引：11，他引：21
对2008年我国南方持续性雨雪、冰冻灾害天气的影响系统及层结特征做了研究,集中对第3次过程,即1月25～29日期间的天气形势、水汽条件、高原对流系统东移的影响以及地面和大气层结条件进行了分析。研究表明：位于长江或江南地区的准静止锋（或切变线）是雨雪冰冻天气的重要影响系统,锋面西段的逆温层和暖层强,有利于冻雨的形成;水汽在锋前的对流层低层辐合,沿锋面爬升凝结,锋面的东段低层辐合比西段强,造成锋面东段的降水强度大于西段;高原对流系统活跃,且频繁东移影响我国东部,在第3次过程共有3次高原对流的东移过程;最有利于冻雨产生的层结条件应有中层冻结层、暖层、逆温层,且这些层结的强度和厚度要适当;最有利于冻雨出现的地面温度在-1～-3℃,变化非常小,温度、露点差都在1～3℃,接近饱和,风速较弱。最后,提出了适合于我国南方雨雪、冰冻天气的锋面结构与大气层结的物理模型。 相似文献
3.
利用多种常规观测资料和NCEP／NCAR再分析资料,分析了2017年3月1日江苏北部出现的一次罕见冷空气雷雨大风天气过程的发生背景、地面要素和云团演变特征,同时从大气动力、热力和水汽条件出发分析了午后对流的成因。结果表明：此次过程发生前,江苏地区位于高空槽前,对流层中低层有冷式切变线伴随两股冷空气南下,受江苏省北部地面气旋阻挡,冷空气在上游堆积,当气旋东移入海冷空气爆发式南下时,造成严重的大风灾害。此次过程中,对流层中高层大气降温而低层回温使大气温度直减率增大,为对流发生提供不稳定条件,但水汽输送主要集中在低层,且高层大气无明显抽吸作用,导致此次过程未发生强对流性降水,主要以大风灾害性天气为主。 相似文献
4.
本文基于MICAPS天气实况资料,通过高低空环流场、K指数和垂直温度层结以及气象要素等方面研究了哈尔滨太平国际机场一次罕见的伴有扬沙和雨夹雪的初雷天气过程,得出以下结论：此次天气过程主要受蒙古气旋东移影响,哈尔滨机场受低涡前暖平流控制,有利于水汽的输送,后期随着冷空气的南下,地面转为冷锋影响,锋前后有强烈冷暖平流,且温度梯度较大,850hPa风向风速辐合条件较好,有较好的辐合抬升条件。较为强烈的低层低涡辐合系统是本次对流性天气的动力条件,低涡前后西南风和西北风引起的冷暖空气交汇是本次对流性天气的热力条件。风向风速、温度等气象要素在此次天气过程中存在明显变化。 相似文献
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6.
本文利用常规气象观测资料、加密自动气象站降水资料、卫星云图和SWAP强对流路径预报资料、多普勒雷达以及风廓线雷达资料,用天气动力学诊断方法,对2013年一次影响湖北省荆门地区的江淮气旋暴雨过程进行分析,结果表明:(1)此次暴雨过程是由于中高纬有高原槽发展东移,槽前正涡度平流作用使得低层西南涡加强,低层减压形成江淮气旋,气旋东移发展而产生暴雨;(2)强降雨主要集中在两个时段,分别与西南涡加强东移和江淮气旋生成有很好的对应;(3)500h Pa垂直速度表明,强上升运动区的移动方向与雨带移动方向一致;水汽通量辐合中心发展并向东北方向移动,跟强降水有直接的对应关系;(4)风廓线雷达反演的热成风温度平流变化,大气折射率常数大值中心以及SWAP的强对流云团的路径外推预报对本地强降水发生位置具有重要的指示意义。 相似文献
7.
2016年初冬陕西一次高架雷暴天气过程分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用常规地面高空观测资料、西安和安康多普勒天气雷达观测资料、欧洲中心细网格模式预报等资料对2016年11月22日发生在陕西地区的一次雷暴过程进行诊断分析,结果表明：陕西中南部雷暴区位于地面冷锋后350~500 km的区域内,雷暴区3 km以下是深厚的冷垫,同时中低层存在明显的逆温层,低层是绝对稳定的大气层结,这说明此次雷暴天气为高架雷暴。通过诊断饱和假相当位温、假相当位温、湿位涡和绝对涡度表明不同地区不稳定机制是不同的。西安地区不稳定机制为条件性对称不稳定,安康地区不稳定机制为条件性不稳定。在条件性对称不稳定区域,降雪回波呈现出数个平行带状回波,与0~6 km风切变矢量(西西南风)平行;在条件性不稳定区域,降水回波为小尺度的块状回波。强垂直风切变表明大气斜压性强,中高层暖湿气流增强了大气的湿斜压性,从而使中高层形成条件性对称不稳定,产生倾斜对流;中低层偏南气流输送暖平流和水汽,使得大气较为暖湿,中高层温度平流较弱,大气较干,形成位势不稳定,锋面抬升中低层暖湿大气使其饱和,位势不稳定转化为条件性不稳定,产生垂直对流。不稳定与上升运动及回波高度有着较好的对应关系。 相似文献
8.
2021年11月7日夜间-9日白天黑龙江省出现大范围雨雪、大风、降温天气。此次天气过程中南部地区雨雪相态转换频繁,出现了罕见的冻雨天气。本文通过对高低空环流演变以及大气温度垂直变化的分析,认为主要是极地冷空气向南爆发的过程中,与低层暖湿空气北上强迫产生斜压不稳定,在地面低压北侧暖锋抬升作用下出现的大范围雨雪天气。分析探空资料可以看出大气边界层起到了冷垫作用,后期地面暖锋沿低层冷垫抬升,大气温度垂直分布出现“上暖下冷”的逆温结构。此外,边界层暖湿平流的输送增加了暖层的厚度,地形影响使“冷垫”作用加强。 相似文献
9.
《高原气象》2016,(5)
利用常规气象观测资料、地面逐时降雨量、物理量场和雷达、卫星云图资料,对2011年9月5-6日陕西中部一次区域性暴雨的成因进行了综合分析,结果表明:这次区域性暴雨出现在连阴雨当中,覆盖了陕西中部和南部地区,具有降水强度弱、持续时间长、局地性不强的特点,属于稳定性降水。强降水是在大气层结对流稳定的条件下产生的,低层对流有效位能和高架的CAPE都是0 J·kg-1;分析条件性对称不稳定条件发现降水前期的垂直运动来自于锋面强迫以及锋面上的条件性对称不稳定,后期的垂直运动主要来自于锋面强迫。低层东路冷空气不仅起到冷垫的抬升作用,还增强了大气低层锋区和大气的斜压性,有利于暴雨的产生;卫星云图、雷达回波证实强降水主要是弱对流云带或层状云造成的;低层充沛的水汽条件、较强的锋区和水汽辐合是此类暴雨产生的主要原因。 相似文献
10.
采用T213L31产品模式大气资料,对2008年1月我国南方雨雪过程的天气尺度的凝结函数降水、水汽通量辐合降水,以及对流不稳定与层结湿不稳定降水做诊断计算.结果表明,大尺度稳定性上升运动的凝结函数降水场和天气尺度波动的水汽通量辐合降水场,可以反映西风带天气系统,进而反映长波调整与更替及伴随"槽来脊去"的大尺度水汽场相变... 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
13.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
18.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
19.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
20.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献